利用氨吸附漫反射红外光谱法探测蒙脱石的固体酸性     

刘冬  袁鹏  刘红梅  蔡进功  覃宗华  樊明德  陶奇  何宏平  朱建喜 《矿物学报》2010,30(1)

用氨吸附漫反射红外光谱学方法,借助图谱拟合解谱手段,探测了不同预处理温度下蒙脱石表面酸性变化特征,并分析了其变化原因。结果表明,低温热处理后的蒙脱石,其B酸和L酸量增大;经较高温度(400、600℃)煅烧的样品,层间距急剧减小,氨分子难以进入层间与酸位发生反应,可探测到的两种酸量都将减少。  相似文献   

3种人工湿地基质吸附污水中氨氮的性能与基质筛选研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

张燕  庞南柱  蹇兴超  冯庆革 《湿地科学》2012,10(1):87-91

通过等温热力学吸附实验,比较人工湿地的基质高钙废渣、改性赤泥和火山石对污水中氨氮的去除效果。结果表明,3种基质的氨氮吸附过程都可以用Langmuir吸附等温方程进行拟合;高钙废渣、改性赤泥和火山石对氨氮的最大吸附量分别为26.27mg/g、6.15mg/g和0.98mg/g;经高钙废渣处理的污水,出水最清澈;高钙废渣对氨氮的吸附效果最好。用吸附效果最好的高钙废渣进行了模拟人工湿地吸附氨氮的基质柱实验,以高钙废渣为基质的模拟人工湿地对生活污水中氨氮的去除率为20%～42%。  相似文献   

双酶分步水解金枪鱼(Eleotridae)碎肉制备高F值酶解液的工艺研究   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

罗红宇  杜帅  郑斌  宋茹  杨会成 《海洋与湖沼》2013,44(4):906-912

以金枪鱼碎肉为原料, 采用双酶分步水解法制备高F值酶解液, 通过Box-Behnken试验设计, 分别确定两步酶解的最佳条件, 酶解液经活性炭静态吸附去除游离芳香族氨基酸, 对脱芳后的酶解液进行氨基酸组成分析并测定F值。结果表明, 胃蛋白酶为第一步水解用酶, 酶解的最佳工艺条件为酶用量650U/g, 料水比1∶7(g/mL), 温度35.9℃; 风味蛋白酶为第二步水解用酶, 酶解的最佳工艺条件为酶用量50700U/g, pH 6.51, 温度51℃, 最终水解度达到36.87%±0.54%; 酶解液在pH 3.0, 温度35℃条件下, 经5%(质量体积分数)的活性炭吸附时间3h后, 脱芳率达到63.18%, F值为30.33, 符合高F值肽的要求。  相似文献   

固相吸附-液相色谱-质谱法测定饮用水中痕量有机污染物   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

于涛  李建强  徐小龙 《华东地质学院学报》2009,32(4):374-377

通过对自来水中有机污染物的检测,初步了解和评价了某市自来水中有机物污染状况.采用XAD-2树脂对水中有机物进行富集、液相色谱-质谱联用（LC-MS）法测定部分有机污染物.结果表明,自来水厂出厂水中检出有机污染物含量均未超过国家饮用水水质标准,但UPVC型水管中水头水有机物含量略微高于铸铁型水管,中断水中有机物含量基本相同.  相似文献   

聚合羟基铁铝蒙脱石复合体对磷的吸附行为及其动力学   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

丁葵英  朱茂旭  卞永荣 《矿物学报》2009,29(1)

在一定条件下利用钠基化蒙脱石合成了聚合羟基铝-蒙脱石复合体(HyA1-Mt)、2个不同铁含量的聚合羟基铁-蒙脱石复合体(HyFe-Mt)和3个不同Fe:Al摩尔比的聚合羟基铁铝-蒙脱石复合体(HyFeAl-Mt),研究了酸性和弱酸性条件下(pH=3.0～6.5)以上蒙脱石复合体对磷的吸附行为和动力学特征。结果表明,HyFeAl-Mt对磷的吸附容量大于HyA1-Mt和HyFe-Mt复合体,且随着Fe:Al摩尔比的增大,对磷的吸附容量依次增加。随pH升高,蒙脱石复合体对磷的吸附量容量变小。但随Fe:Al摩尔比增大,HyFeAl-Mt复合体零电荷点(pHZPC)升高,pH对磷的吸附的影响越来越小,HyFe-Mt对磷的吸附几乎不受pH的影响。随Fe:A1摩尔比的增大,HyFeAl-Mt对磷的吸附能力增强,铁含量是磷吸附量的重要控制因素。磷在各蒙脱石复合体上的吸附实验数据可很好地用Langmuir吸附等温方程拟合。磷在各蒙脱石复合体上的吸附动力学过程可分为快速和慢速两个过程,快速过程中的动力学受铁含量影响明显。动力学数据可同时用准二级动力学方程和Elovich方程拟合。  相似文献   

Environmentally geochemical characteristics of vanadium in the topsoil in the Panzhihua mining area,Sichuan Province,China     

Yanguo Teng  Xudong Jiao  Jinsheng Wang  Wei Xu  Jie Yang 《中国地球化学学报》2009,28(1):105-111

Vanadium is a trace element, which may be biologically beneficial and possibly essential but certainly harmful to human beings and some living organisms if excessive. After over 40 years of development, the mining industry has caused serious environmental problems in the Panzhihua mining area. Vanadium is significantly accu-mulated in the soil of the Panzhihua area. Human activities have intensified the pollution and release of vanadium and caused serious damages to the ecological system there. In the past few years, the authors have made investiga-tions into and assessments on the geochemical distribution, chemical speciation, adsorption characteristics and transfer behavior of vanadium in the topsoil in the Panzhihua mining area. The results showed that: (1) the difference in the contents of vanadium in soil between premonsoon and monsoon is insignificant; (2) the adsorption isotherms of vanadium on soil in the Panzhihua mining area ate well described by the Langmuir type; (3) the transfer ability of vanadium in soil is interrelated to soil properties; and (4) the chemical speciation of vanadium shows an order of insoluble residue > oxidizable=reducible > soluble component. According to the above results, some countermea-sures to control pollution of vanadium in soil should be put forward.  相似文献   

Natural minerals and divided solids: methodology for understanding surface phenomena related to industrial uses and environmental problems     

Jean-Maurice Cases 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(9):585-596

This introductory paper aims at presenting the series of articles in this special issue of Comptes Rendus Geoscience devoted to the study and use of natural minerals. The research methodology that can be applied to the investigation of surface phenomena related to adsorption, exchange and retention onto the surface of natural minerals and divided solids is presented. A special focus is given to the retention of surfactant molecules, in view of their considerable importance in numerous industrial fields, such as, for instance, mineral flotation and enhanced oil recovery. Throughout this introductory paper, the relevance of this research approach to the field of geosciences is stressed by listing various applications where it can provide conclusive answers, especially for environmentally related issues. To cite this article: J.-M. Cases, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 585–596.  相似文献   

Ionic surfactants adsorption on heterogeneous surfacesAdsorption de tensioactifs ioniques sur les surfaces hétérogènes     

Jean-Maurice Cases  Jerzy Mielczarski  Ella Mielczarska  Laurent J. Michot  Frédéric Villiéras  Fabien Thomas 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(9):675-688

The adsorption of surfactants from aqueous solution is a phenomenon of major importance in applications ranging from ore flotation and paint technology to enhanced oil recovery. As this paper will illustrate, the process is very complex and of high scientific interest; its results can be extended to the retention of organic compounds (humic and fulvic acids, pollutants...) on solids in the biosphere. For a good understanding of the mechanisms involved in surfactants adsorption at the hydrophilic solid–aqueous solution interface, thermodynamic models have to take into account: (i) the physical chemistry of the surfactant in aqueous solution for choosing the appropriate reference phase, (ii) the surface heterogeneity of the adsorbing solid, (iii) the intensity of normal adsorbate–adsorbent bonds responsible for adsorption, (iv) the intensity of lateral bonds that favour the formation of surface aggregates through cooperative process and finally, (v) suitable theoretical models to describe adsorption phenomena. Once this has been achieved, two systems can be discussed: systems characterised by strong normal adsorbate–adsorbent bonds, currently used in ore flotation, which lead, in the case of heterogeneous surfaces, to the formation of lamellar aggregates at monolayer concentration and bilayer formation for higher concentrations. Systems characterised by weak normal adsorbate–adsorbent bonds, currently used in enhanced oil recovery and hydrocarbon (bio)remediation, which correspond to: (i) formation of globular micelles at the solid surface near the CMC when the temperature is higher than the Krafft point, (ii) formation of bilayered lamellar aggregates in the opposite case, (iii) three-dimensional condensation on substrate (T<T_Krafft) if the ionic surfactant interacts with cations in the bulk. To cite this article: J.-M. Cases et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 675–688.  相似文献   

Surface heterogeneity of mineralsAnalyse de l'hétérogénéité superficielle des minéraux     

Frédéric Villiéras  Laurent J. Michot  Frédérique Bardot  Manuel Chamerois  Céline Eypert-Blaison  Michèle François  Gilles Gérard  Jean-Maurice Cases 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(9):597-609

The precise study of adsorption mechanisms at solid–liquid interfaces requires a good analysis of the surface heterogeneity of the studied solids. For that purpose, molecular probe technique is one of the most powerful, especially at solid–gas interfaces. Indeed, low-pressure gas adsorption coupled to modelling of derivative adsorption isotherms as a function of logarithm of pressure allows to study qualitatively and quantitatively the effect of surface heterogeneity on the energy distribution of adsorption centres. The present review points out the interests of that approach to determine the shape of particles, the presence of high-energy adsorption sites and the surface polarity. Results comparing adsorption at solid–gas and solid–liquid interfaces are also mentioned. To cite this article: F. Villiéras et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 597–609.  相似文献   

湿地水环境中生物膜吸附铅、镉能力的研究   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4  

李鱼  董德明  花修艺  张菁菁  杨帆  邱立民 《地理科学》2002,22(4):445-448

利用向海自然保护区不同类型湿地水体培养的生物膜进行了铅、镉的吸附实验，结果表明，不同湿地水环境培养的生物膜吸附铅、镉的热力学数据可以用Langmuir等温吸附曲线来描述，各水体生物膜吸附铅、镉的能力存在很大的差异，吸附铅的能力大约比吸附镉的能力大一个数量级，且吸附铅、镉的能力与膜上锰、铁氧化物的含量有显著的相关性。  相似文献