Evidence for Non-Conservative Behaviour of Chlorine in Humid Tropical Environments     

Jerome Viers  Bernard Dupre  Jean-Jacques Braun  Remi Freydier  Sacha Greenberg  Jules Ndam Ngoupayou  Lus Sigha Nkamdjou 《Aquatic Geochemistry》2001,7(2):127-154

The knowledge of the biogeochemical cycle of chlorine (Cl)is important since this element is used as a tracer of geochemical and hydrological processes in oceanic or continental environments. More specifically, Cl can be used to correct surface water composition from atmospheric contribution in order to calculate precise chemical weathering rates in watersheds. Beyond the problem of potential Cl sources in a given watershed, which is directly related to the lithology, vegetation, and industrial activities, the Cl normalization is based on the assumption that this element behaves conservatively during surface processes (e.g., chemical weathering, adsorption/desorption processes).The purpose of the present study is to forecast the geochemical behavior of Cl in a forested ecosystem located under humid tropical environment.For this reason, we have analyzed the Cl (and also Ca and Na) concentrations ofsurface waters (rainwater, groundwater, river water) over a two-year period in the Nsimi–Zoetele watershed (Cameroon).The Cl mass balance for the watershed appears to be equilibrated over the studied period (1995–1996) but Cl behavior in Mengong River draining the watershed suggests a non-conservative behavior. Indeed, Cl concentrationsin the Mengong River are low during dry seasons and high during wet seasons, which is the reverse tendency to what is usually observed taking into account dilution and evaporation processes. As Cl concentrations in the Mengong River are lower than those measured in all the feeding reservoirs, Cl should be adsorbed onto the soils of the watershed. However, as the Cl mass balance is equilibrated over the whole-year, Cl should be adsorbed and releasedat a seasonal scale. The results we obtained for this small watershed were not generalized for a larger studied basin (i.e., Nyong River basin). Even if these results should be followed by further investigations, this study suggests that Cl normalization should be used with caution to avoid under- or over-estimation of chemical weathering rates.  相似文献   

Interaction of thionocarbamate and thiourea collectors with sulphide minerals: a flotation and adsorption study     

G. Fairthorne  D. Fornasiero  J. Ralston 《International Journal of Mineral Processing》1997,50(4):227-242

The ability of O-isopropyl-N-ethyl thionocarbamate (IPETC), O-isobutyl-N-ethoxycarbonyl thionocarbamate (IBECTC) and butyl ethoxycarbonyl thiourea (BECTU) collectors to increase the flotation of the sulphide minerals, chalcopyrite, galena and pyrite, has been studied. For each collector, the flotation characteristics of these minerals, flotation rate constant and flotation recovery maximum, have been calculated from the flotation data and compared as a function of pH and collector concentration. Overall, the flotation performance of these collectors is stronger for chalcopyrite than for galena and pyrite. Flotation increases with collector concentration and decreasing pH values. For chalcopyrite, the collector performances of BECTU are slightly better than those of IPETC but far superior to those of IBECTC, especially at high pH values or at low collector concentrations. The flotation performance of these collectors has been shown to be in good agreement with the amount of collector adsorbed at the mineral surface. The affinity of BECTU for the various minerals has been calculated using a multilayer adsorption model.  相似文献   

南沙群岛海域海水中胶体铜、锌、铅   总被引：8，自引：2，他引：8       下载免费PDF全文

张恩仁  张正斌  田玉红 《海洋学报》2003,25(2):136-140

对海水中元素基本形态的区分通常是采用0.45μm孔径的滤膜过滤分离,但海水中那些并非溶解态的胶体粒子具有较大的变形性[1],并具有较小的粒度,在过滤时,基本上都进入了滤液而被算作溶解形态,这使得深入理解元素在海水中的形态分布及其海洋生态效应受到限制[2].  相似文献   

Bacterial contribution to manganese oxidation in a deep coastal sediment     

H. M. Edenborn  Y. Paquin  G. Chateauneuf 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1985,21(6):801-815

The characteristics of Mn(II) removal from sediment porewater and the potential role of manganese-oxidizing bacteria in this process were examined in sediments from a 335-m deep station in the Laurentian Trough of the St. Lawrence estuary. Manganese-oxidizing bacteria were most abundant in the thin layer of oxidized surface sediment, where Mn(II) removal rates were also fastest. The first-order rate constants for Mn(II) removal decreased from 1·2 × 10³ day⁻¹ to 6·6 day⁻¹ over the first 30-mm depth. In experimental slurries, sediments removed Mn(II) from reduced zone porewater by a two-step process: a rapid saturation of Mn(II) binding sites was followed by a slower O₂-enhanced removal rate which paralleled the apparent rate of Mn(II) oxidation. Sodium azide and mercuric chloride were tested specifically for their usefulness as bacterial poisons in sediment slurry systems. Sodium azide interfered with Mn(II) removal at low concentrations and was not an effective poison. Mercuric chloride inhibited bacterial activity at concentrations far lower than those at which significant interference of Mn(II) removal occurred. The response of sediment slurries treated with mercuric chloride indicated that the initial oxidation of sorbed Mn(II) was not bacterially-mediated under the experimental conditions tested.  相似文献   

A theoretical model for gas adsorption-induced coal swelling   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6  

Zhejun Pan  Luke D. Connell 《International Journal of Coal Geology》2007,69(4):243-252

Swelling and shrinkage (volumetric change) of coal during adsorption and desorption of gas is a well-known phenomenon. For coalbed methane recovery and carbon sequestration in deep, unminable coal beds, adsorption-induced coal volumetric change may cause significant reservoir permeability change. In this work, a theoretical model is derived to describe adsorption-induced coal swelling at adsorption and strain equilibrium. This model applies an energy balance approach, which assumes that the surface energy change caused by adsorption is equal to the elastic energy change of the coal solid. The elastic modulus of the coal, gas adsorption isotherm, and other measurable parameters, including coal density and porosity, are required in this model. Results from the model agree well with experimental observations of swelling. It is shown that the model is able to describe the differences in swelling behaviour with respect to gas species and at very high gas pressures, where the coal swelling ratio reaches a maximum then decreases. Furthermore, this model can be used to describe mixed-gas adsorption induced-coal swelling, and can thus be applied to CO₂-enhanced coalbed methane recovery.  相似文献   

几种铁（氢）氧化物对溶液中磷的吸附作用对比研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

谢晶晶庆承松  陈天虎郭燕 潘敏 《岩石矿物学杂志》2007,26(6):535-538

铁(氢)氧化物不仅是土壤中广泛存在的矿物,也是重要的矿物资源。表生地质作用形成的针铁矿、赤铁矿和无定形氢氧化铁都具有纳米尺度,具有很高的表面积,表现出对磷的专性吸附,是低浓度磷的潜在吸附材料。本文通过铁(氢)氧化物对水溶液中磷酸根的等温吸附实验,初步对比研究了针铁矿、合成氧化铁黄、赤铁矿和无定形氢氧化铁对水中低浓度磷的吸附作用。结果表明,无定形氢氧化铁对水溶液中磷酸根的吸附能力最强(对低浓度磷的吸附达到5.5mg/g),其次是氧化铁黄和针铁矿,赤铁矿的吸附能力最差。几种铁(氢)氧化物对磷吸附容量的差别主要受比表面积控制。无定形氢氧化铁、合成氧化铁黄、针铁矿、赤铁矿对磷的吸附符合Freundlich等温方程。针铁矿和赤铁矿对磷的吸附动力学符合双常数速率方程。  相似文献   

包气带对三氯乙烯的吸附行为研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘菲刘明亮  何江涛 《岩石矿物学杂志》2007,26(6):549-552

有机污染物在包气带的吸附行为,直接影响有机污染物在环境中的迁移、转化等过程。采用浅层和深层包气带样品,利用批实验的方法研究不同有机碳含量的样品对三氯乙烯(TCE)的吸附行为。研究表明,包气带表层土壤比深层土壤的有机碳含量高,可能存在竞争吸附的问题,说明该土壤的吸附行为是以矿物吸附为主、有机质吸附为辅的类型;表层土壤的吸附具有较好的线性行为,不存在饱和吸附量;深层土壤有机碳含量低,其吸附为非线性的。  相似文献   

2-萘酚吸附树脂热解和燃烧特性的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

周宏仓  金保升  仲兆平  肖睿  黄亚继 《南京气象学院学报》2006,29(4):435-439

利用热重-差热分析仪对染料化工企业产生的2-萘酚吸附树脂在4种不同气氛下的热重（TG）和微分热重（DTG）曲线进行研究。试验结果表明：2-萘酚吸附树脂在高温、氧化条件下不稳定，易于分解，其热分解失重率受气氛变化的影响较大。提出了2-萘酚吸附树脂热解和燃烧机理，给出了热解反应动力学参数和模型。  相似文献   

高岭石等粘土矿物对五氯苯酚的吸附及其与矿物表面化合态关系   总被引：10，自引：2，他引：10  

吴大清  刁桂仪  彭金莲 《地球化学》2003,32(5):501-505

高岭石、蒙脱石和伊利石三种粘土矿物对五氯苯酚的吸附实验研究表明,其pH等温线为峰型曲线,三种矿物在pH<3时基本不吸附,在pH≈5或6时有一吸附峰,此后在pH≈6.5或7时有一低值,当pH>7时,高岭石和蒙脱石两矿物吸附量又表现出上升趋势。三种矿物表面位的化合态分析证明,吸附属于表面络合型,其峰型特征起因于矿物表面两种羟基位的化合态浓度和五氯苯酚的离子态浓度均随溶液pH变化而变化。  相似文献   

低聚合羟基铁离子-蒙脱石复合体吸附磷和氟的实验研究   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

姜浩  廖立兵  王素萍 《地球化学》2003,32(6):573-581

将提纯的钙蒙脱石与羟基铁离子溶液作用，制备了低聚合羟基铁-蒙脱石复合体。在实际土壤的酸度(pH=4～8)和温度(t=34～50℃)条件下，进行了低聚合羟基铁-蒙脱石复合体吸附P和F的实验，探讨了复合体的P和F吸附能力与pH值、温度、吸附时间、P和F的初始浓度、离子强度间的关系，并与蒙脱石和含水氧化铁的P和F吸附行为进行了对比。研究表明，在实验条件下，低聚合羟基铁-蒙脱石复合体对磷具有明显的亲合力，对氟的亲合力较低，只略高于蒙脱石原样。低聚合羟基铁-蒙脱石复合体对P和F的吸附，特别是对磷的吸附行为对该元素在土壤中的迁移过程有重要影响，成果对土壤学和环境学研究有参考价值。  相似文献