地层测试评价仪在渤海油田的应用     

张国强  张卫平  李欣 《海洋地质译丛》2009,(4):69-72

电缆地层测试是求取储层流体性质、进行储层评价最为直接的方法之一。地层测试评价仪（FET）是国产新一代地层测试评价仪器，不仅可以精确测量地层压力并根据压力剖面确定地层流体类型和油气水界面，而且在目的层取样时可以抽排污染流体、实时检测地层流体特性，对确定地层流体性质和分析流体成分起到了重要作用，同时它也可以计算地层渗透率，进行储层产能预测。通过在渤海油田的成功应用，简单介绍FET的基本工作原理和主要用途，重点论述其优越性和局限性，以及在渤海油田成功应用的典型实例，这对FET在其它油田的推广应用具有参考意义。  相似文献   

舟山港口资源型城市发展初探     

杨义菊 《海洋学研究》2008,26(3):77-82

随着经济全球化的发展,港口在整个社会生产和流通中的地位越来越重要,港口资源的开发利用强度也越来越大,舟山等城市的港口职能化现象明显.如何确保港口资源型城市的可持续发展,是迫切需要解决的问题.以舟山这一典型的港口资源型城市为例,从舟山市的自身特点出发,在叙述该市港口和临港工业发展现状和存在问题的基础上,通过建模分析,提出舟山港口资源型城市可持续发展的若干对策建议.  相似文献   

Comparison of Large-Scale Flows on the Sun Measured by Time-Distance Helioseismology and Local Correlation Tracking     

Michal Švanda  Junwei Zhao  Alexander G. Kosovichev 《Solar physics》2007,241(1):27-37

We present a direct comparison between two different techniques: time-distance helioseismology and a local correlation tracking method for measuring mass flows in the solar photosphere and in a near-surface layer. We applied both methods to the same dataset (MDI high-cadence Dopplergrams covering almost the entire Carrington rotation 1974) and compared the results. We found that, after necessary corrections, the vector flow fields obtained by these techniques are very similar. The median difference between directions of corresponding vectors is 24°, and the correlation coefficients of the results for mean zonal and meridional flows are 0.98 and 0.88, respectively. The largest discrepancies are found in areas of small velocities where the inaccuracies of the computed vectors play a significant role. The good agreement of these two methods increases confidence in the reliability of large-scale synoptic maps obtained by them.  相似文献   

Effects of frictional forces acting on sidewalls of buried box culverts     

Junsuk Kang  Frazier Parker  Young J. Kang  Chai H. Yoo 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2008,32(3):289-306

The effects of frictional forces acting on the sidewalls of buried box culverts are presented as determined with finite element method (FEM) and detailed soil modelling. The possibility of reducing earth pressure on deeply buried concrete box culverts by the imperfect trench installation (ITI) method has been contemplated during the last several decades. There have been limited research results published primarily regarding the qualitative aspect of load reduction in ITIs. It was found during the course of this study that significant frictional forces develop along the sidewalls of box culverts and adjacent sidefills in ITIs. Current American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials provisions do not consider these frictional forces, but they cannot be neglected in ITIs, as their effect is dominant. An optimum geometry for the soft zone in ITIs is presented to maximize earth load reductions. The soil–structure interaction at the box culvert–soil interface was found to have a significant effect on total earth pressure acting on the bottom slab. Predictor equations for earth load reduction rates were formulated for ITIs incorporating the optimum soft zone geometry based on the FEM. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Evaluating the stress intensity factors of anisotropic bimaterials using boundary element method     

Chao‐Shi Chen  Chien‐Chung Ke  Chia‐Huei Tu 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2008,32(11):1341-1364

This paper presents a boundary element method (BEM) procedure for a linear elastic fracture mechanics analysis in two‐dimensional anisotropic bimaterials. In this formulation, a displacement integral equation is only collocated on the uncracked boundary, and a traction integral equation is only collocated on one side of the crack surface. A fundamental solution (Green's function) for anisotropic bimaterials is also derived and implemented into the boundary integral formulation so that except for the interfacial crack part, the discretization along the interface can be avoided. A special crack‐tip element is introduced to capture the exact crack‐tip behavior. A computer program using FORTRAN has been developed to effectively calculate the stress intensity factors of an anisotropic bimaterial. This BEM program has been verified to have a good accuracy with previous studies. In addition, a central cracked bimaterial Brazilian specimen constituting cement and gypsum is prepared to conduct the Brazilian test under diametral loading. The result shows that the numerical analysis can predict relatively well the direction of crack initiation and the path of crack propagation. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Relationship of Arctic sea ice and Northern Hemispheric 500 hPa Polar vortices     

References： 《极地研究(英文版)》2007,18(1):73-83

Using the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis monthly 500 hPa height data on a 2.5 latitude-longitude grid and 1°×1° sea ice data,the polar vortex area,intensity index and arctic sea ice area index are calculated respectively,and the meridional distribution,period variation and the abrupts in the long range trend are analyzed to study their relationship.The results show that the meridional distribution of sea ice and polar vortex h-ave distinctive difference,the relative positions of them are different in the eastern and western hemispheres,and exept they have periods of 4 months,quasi half year,quasi year,4-5 years and 10 years commonly,and each of them has its own respective variation as well.The sea ice area is decreasing apparently since 1980's,so is the polar vortex area,but their abrupt changge time are different totally.The area of sea ice and polar vortex has prominent positive correlation,but the relationship of sea ice intensity,polar vortex intensity,polar vortex area is complicated.  相似文献   

淮河源区中更新世黄土堆积的元素地球化学特征及其古气候意义   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

刘奇  宋传中  崔王  王化可  张妍  王荻  曹宗平 《地球科学与环境学报》2007,29(4):356-361

利用地球化学元素分析方法,对淮河源区中更新世黄土、古土壤剖面含有的化学元素及多种化学元素指标进行了分析。研究表明:区内中更新世以来的气候变化,主要以湿热气候为主,淋溶及氧化作用较强;表现在气温上HT-1~HT-3的气温较低,HT-4~HT-7的气温高,HT-8的气温又相对较低,其变化趋势表现为中更新世经历了从早期寒冷转湿热转温干,中期凉干转暖湿到晚期温湿转暖湿。  相似文献   

Geochemical evidence of paleogeography and paleoclimate during deposition of the 2nd Member of Kongdian Formation in Kongnan area     

Qinghua YAN  Jing SUN  Xudong ZHANG  Qinglong MENG  Man WANG 《世界地质(英文版)》2007,10(1)

The 2nd Member of Kongdian Formation has been made up of a large number of oil shale and mudstone in the Kongnan aera of Huanghua depression around the Bohai Bay. In the Kongnan area, the lake basins were very large and deep during the deposition of the 2nd Member of Kongdian Formation. During that period,the lakes were sealed, uncommunieated with the sea water and the paleoclimate was very warm and wet in Kongnan area. Analyzing the content of the trace element and the rare earth element, carbon and oxygen isotope in the disquisition, The authors prove the two views correct.  相似文献   

Probabilistic aspects of micropaleontologic assemblage zones     

Isamu Hattori 《Mathematical Geology》1985,17(2):167-175

A micropaleontologic assemblage zone is defined by occurrence of some characteristic species among many coeval species. When number of assemblage-defining species and total number of species observed are designated as Aand N,respectively, the ratio, A/N,is strongly dependent on duration of the assemblage. Theoretical consideration on the basis of a micropaleontologic cohort model shows that, when origination rate and extinction rate of species are obtained, the most reasonable ratio (A/N) and duration of the assemblage can be determined. The probabilistic model described in this paper provides a theoretical relation between the ratio and the duration. Inaccuracy in correlating micropaleontologic data to certain assemblage zones established can not be avoided because of many natural sorting and artificial biases. Ambiguity arising when data with a small number of characteristic species are correlated with a certain assemblage is numerically estimated.  相似文献   

Two‐dimensional physically based finite element runoff model for small agricultural watersheds: I. Model development     

Anil Bhardwaj  M. P. Kaushal 《水文研究》2009,23(3):397-407

Soil erosion by water is the root cause of ecological degradation in the Shiwalik foothills of Northern India. Simulation of runoff and its component processes is a pre‐requisite to develop the management strategies to tackle the problem, successfully. A two‐dimensional physically based distributed numerical model, ROMO2D has been developed to simulate runoff from small agricultural watersheds on an event basis. The model employs the 2‐D Richards equation with sink term to simulate infiltration and soil moisture dynamics in the vadoze zone under variable rainfall conditions, and 2‐D Saint‐Venant equations under the kinematic wave approximation along with Manning's equation as the stage‐discharge equation for runoff routing. The various flow‐governing equations have been solved numerically by employing a Galerkin finite element method for spatial discretization using quadrilateral elements and finite difference techniques for temporal solutions. The ROMO2D computer program has been developed as a class‐based program, coded in C + + in such a way that with minor modifications, the model can be used to simulate runoff on a continuous basis. The model writes output for a runoff hydrograph of each storm. Model development is described in this paper and the results of model testing and field application are to be presented in a subsequent paper. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献