An event-based spatiotemporal data model (ESTDM) for temporal analysis of geographical data     

Donna J. Peuquet  Niu Duan 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(1):7-24

Abstract

Representations historically used within GIS assume a world that exists only in the present. Information contained within a spatial database may be added-to or modified over time, but a sense of change or dynamics through time is not maintained. This limitation of current GIS capabilities has recently received substantial attention, given the increasingly urgent need to better understand geographical processes and the cause-and-effect interrelationships between human activities and the environment. Models proposed so-far for the representation of spatiotemporal data are extensions of traditional raster and vector representations that can be seen as location- or feature-based, respectively, and are therefore best organized for performing either location-based or feature-based queries. Neither form is as well-suited for analysing overall temporal relationships of events and patterns of events throughout a geographical area as a temporally-based representation.

In the current paper, a new spatio-temporal data model is proposed that is based on time as its organizational basis, and is thereby intended to facilitate analysis of temporal relationships and patterns of change through time. This model is named the Event-based Spatio Temporal Data Model (ESTDM). It is shown that temporally-based queries relating to locations can be implemented in an efficient and conceptually straightforward manner using ESTDM by describing algorithms for three fundamental temporally-based retrieval tasks based on this model: (1) retrieving location(s) that changed to a given value at a given time, (2) retrieving location(s) that changed to a given value over a given temporal interval, and (3) calculation of the total area that has changed to a given value over a given temporal interval. An empirical comparison of the space efficiency of ESTDM and compressed and uncompressed forms of the ‘snapshot’ model is also given, showing that ESTDM is also a compact representation of spatio-temporal information.  相似文献   

Terrain complexity and uncertainties in grid‐based digital terrain analysis     

Qiming Zhou  Xuejun Liu  Yizhong Sun 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(10):1137-1147

The objective of this research is to study the relationship between terrain complexity and terrain analysis results from grid‐based digital elevation models (DEMs). The impact of terrain complexity represented by terrain steepness and orientation on derived parameters such as slope and aspect has been analysed. Experiments have been conducted to quantify the uncertainties created by digital terrain analysis algorithms. The test results show that (a) the RMSE of derived slope and aspect is negatively correlated with slope steepness; (b) the RMSE of derived aspect is more sensitive to terrain complexity than that of derived slope; and (c) the uncertainties in derived slope and aspect tend to be found in flatter areas, and decrease with increasing terrain complexity. The study shows that although primary surface parameters can be well defined mathematically, the implementation of those mathematical models in a GIS environment may generate considerable uncertainties related to terrain complexity. In general, when terrain is rugged with steep slopes, the uncertainty of derived parameters is quite minimal. While in flatter areas, the DEM‐based derivatives, particularly the aspect, may contain a great amount of uncertainty, causing significant limitation in applying the analytical results.  相似文献   

Measuring complexity in OGC web services XML schemas: pragmatic use and solutions     

Alain Tamayo  Carlos Granell  Joaquín Huerta 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(6):1109-1130

The use of standards in the geospatial domain, such as those defined by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC), for exchanging data has brought a great deal of interoperability upon which systems can be built in a reliable way. Unfortunately, these standards are becoming increasingly complex, making their implementation an arduous task. The use of appropriate software metrics can be very useful to quantify different properties of the standards that ultimately may suggest different solutions to deal with problems related to their complexity. In this regard, we present in this article an attempt to measure the complexity of the schemas associated with the OGC implementation specifications. We use a comprehensive set of metrics to provide a multidimensional view of this complexity. These metrics can be used to evaluate the impact of design decisions, study the evolution of schemas, and so on. We also present and evaluate different solutions that could be applied to overcome some of the problems associated with the complexity of the schemas.  相似文献   

Accelerating agent-based computation of complex urban systems     

Yu Zou  Roger G. Ghanem 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(10):1917-1937

Despite its popularity, agent-based modeling is limited by serious barriers that constrain its usefulness as an exploratory tool. In particular, there is a paucity of systematic approaches for extracting coarse-grained, system-level information as it emerges in direct simulation. This is particularly problematic for agent-based models (ABMs) of complex urban systems in which macroscopic phenomena, such as sprawl, may manifest themselves coarsely from bottom-up dynamics among diverse agent-actors interacting across scales. Often these connections are not known, but treating them is nevertheless crucial in enabling prediction, in supporting decisions, and in facilitating the design, control, and optimization of urban systems. In this article, we describe and implement a metasimulation scheme for extracting macroscopic information from local dynamics of agent-based simulation, which allows acceleration of coarse-scale computing and which may also serve as a precursor to handle emergence in complex urban simulation. We compare direct ABM simulation, population-level equation solutions, and coarse projective integration. We apply the scheme to the simulation of urban sprawl from local drivers of urbanization, urban growth, and population dynamics. Numerical examples of the three approaches are provided to compare their accuracy and efficiency. We find that our metasimulation scheme can significantly accelerate complex urban simulations while maintaining faithful representation of the original model.  相似文献   

Simultaneous computation of total viewshed on large high resolution grids     

S. Tabik  E.L Zapata  L.F Romero 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(4):804-814

  相似文献   

聚苯乙烯微塑料与铜离子单一和复合污染对THP-1细胞的DNA损伤效应研究          下载免费PDF全文

尹艳  王海燕  韩大雄  林彩  林锡煌  单柏 《应用海洋学学报》2022,41(1):86-93

采用单细胞凝胶电泳实验研究了不同浓度的Cu²⁺(10、50、100、500、1000、2500、5000μg/L)和不同粒径(0.1、0.2、0.3、0.5、0.7、1.0、2.0μm)、不同浓度(1、10、15、20、25 mg/mL)的聚苯乙烯微塑料对人单核细胞白血病(Human Acute Monocytic Leukemia,THP-1)细胞的DNA损伤效应,结果表明:单一污染时,Cu²⁺(≥50μg/L)对THP-1细胞的DNA损伤极显著(p<0.01)。而且,DNA损伤值随Cu²⁺浓度的增大而增加。2.0μm粒径的聚苯乙烯微塑料(10 mg/mL)对THP-1细胞产生明显的DNA损伤效应。复合污染作用下对THP-1细胞的DNA损伤效应,相比单一污染明显增强,而且DNA损伤值比单一污染的理论加和值高。本研究表明Cu²⁺和聚苯乙烯微塑料均对DNA产生损伤效应,显示一定的基因毒性,二者复合对损伤具有交互增强的作用。  相似文献   

我国海洋放射性环境质量评价方法研究进展          下载免费PDF全文

门武  余雯  何建华  王芬芬  林峰  邓芳芳  张玉生 《应用海洋学学报》2022,41(3):554-564

随着核电工业的迅猛发展,海洋放射性污染压力日益严峻。特别是福岛核事故后,人们对海洋放射性环境影响评价愈加重视。本研究介绍了我国海洋放射性环境质量评价的最新研究成果,包括方法的基础假设、整体框架、参考依据以及海洋放射性环境效应、海洋放射性环境质量分级和低放废物长期排放的潜在风险这3部分详细的评价方法。整套方法参考了国际上重要的生态放射性评估方法,结合我们自身海洋放射性环境管理和评价需求,通过“学习 吸收 创新”的方式形成了一套相对完整的海洋放射性环境质量评价方法,实现了我国从无到有的突破,最终形成了一套专门的评价软件MREQA V1.0,能够简化工作、提高效率,可服务于后续的管理及评价,并供同行参考使用。  相似文献   

历史遗留围填海生态保护修复工作探讨——以晋江盐场围填海项目为例          下载免费PDF全文

李婵娟  吴耀建  李青生  方婧  郭洲华  戴娟娟 《应用海洋学学报》2022,41(1):60-68

本研究以晋江盐场围填海项目为例,针对项目情况和区域环境特征,在收集现有资料和补充调查的基础上,分析评估了围填海工程建设的海洋生态影响,并提出了相应的生态保护修复方案。在此基础上,提出了今后工作的建议:①保护修复应推行整体保护、系统修复的有效机制,实现区域生态系统的恢复与良性发展。②围填多年已经形成相对稳定的生态系统的围填海项目,制定修复对策也应遵循现有的生态条件,充分考虑修复工程的成本与效益,增强修复方案的可操作性,做出最有利的决策。③生态修复模式应以自然恢复为主、人工修复为辅,最大程度恢复生态系统功能。本研究可为类似生态保护修复工作提供借鉴。  相似文献   

How much physical complexity is needed to model flood inundation?     

Jeffrey Neal  Ignacio Villanueva  Nigel Wright  Thomas Willis  Timothy Fewtrell  Paul Bates 《水文研究》2012,26(15):2264-2282

Two‐dimensional flood inundation models are widely used tools for flood hazard mapping and an essential component of statutory flood risk management guidelines in many countries. Yet, we still do not know how much physical complexity a flood inundation model needs for a given problem. Here, three two‐dimensional explicit hydraulic models, which can be broadly defined as simulating diffusive, inertial or shallow water waves, have been benchmarked using test cases from a recent Environment Agency for England and Wales study, where results from industry models are also available. To ensure consistency, the three models were written in the same code and share subroutines for all but the momentum (flow) and time‐stepping calculations. The diffusive type model required much longer simulation times than the other models, whilst the inertia model was the quickest. For flows that vary gradually in time, differences in simulated velocities and depths due to physical complexity were within 10% of the simulations from a range of industry models. Therefore, for flows that vary gradually in time, it appears unnecessary to solve the full two‐dimensional shallow water equations. As expected, however, the simpler models were unable to simulate supercritical flows accurately. Finally, implications of the results for future model benchmarking studies are discussed in light of a number of subtle factors that were found to cause significant differences in simulations relative to the choice of model. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Fully coupled simulation of a hydraulic fracture interacting with natural fractures with a hybrid discrete‐continuum method          下载免费PDF全文

F. Zhang  E. Dontsov  M. Mack 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2017,41(13):1430-1452

A hybrid discrete‐continuum numerical scheme is developed to study the behavior of a hydraulic fracture crossing natural fractures. The fully coupled hybrid scheme utilizes a discrete element model for an inner domain, within which the hydraulic fracture propagates and interacts with natural fractures. The inner domain is embedded in an outer continuum domain that is implemented to extend the length of the hydraulic fracture and to better approximate the boundary effects. The fracture is identified to propagate initially in the viscosity‐dominated regime, and the numerical scheme is calibrated by using the theoretical plane strain hydraulic fracture solution. The simulation results for orthogonal crossing indicate three fundamental crossing scenarios, which occur for various stress ratios and friction coefficients of the natural fracture: (i) no crossing, that is, the hydraulic fracture is arrested by the natural fracture and makes a T‐shape intersection; (ii) offset crossing, that is, the hydraulic fracture crosses the natural fracture with an offset; and (iii) direct crossing, that is, the hydraulic fracture directly crosses the natural fracture without diversion. Each crossing scenario is associated with a distinct net pressure history. Additionally, the effects of strength contrast and stiffness contrast of rock materials and intersection angle between the hydraulic fracture and the natural fracture are also investigated. The simulations also illustrate that the level of fracturing complexity increases as the number and extent of the natural fractures increase. As a result, we can conclude that complex hydraulic fracture propagation patterns occur because of complicated crossing behavior during the stimulation of naturally fractured reservoirs. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献