Seismic behaviour of cracked concrete gravity dams     

O. A. Pekau  Xueye Zhu 《地震工程与结构动力学》2006,35(4):477-495

A finite element model of incremental displacement constraint equations (IDCE), based on an existing node‐to‐surface concept, is implemented to deal with dynamic contact surfaces in the seismic behaviour analysis of cracked concrete gravity dams. After verification for sliding, rocking and impact, the IDCE model is applied to study the seismic responses of concrete gravity dams with different profiles and crack locations for a variety of parameters, such as coefficient of friction, water level and type of earthquake, as well as impact damping based on the concept of coefficient of restitution. It is revealed that cracked concrete gravity dams can experience not only sliding and rocking modes, but also the drifting mode in some cases of crack either at the base or at a height. Downstream sliding is normally accompanied by rocking, especially for the cases of crack at a height. Due to rocking and drifting, a cracked dam may still acquire a certain amount of residual sliding even if the effective coefficient of friction is relatively high. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Flexural deformation capacity of rectangular RC columns determined by the CAE method     

Iztok Peru&#x;  Karmen Poljan&#x;ek  Peter Fajfar 《地震工程与结构动力学》2006,35(12):1453-1470

A non‐parametric empirical approach, called the conditional average estimator (CAE) method, has been implemented for the estimation of the flexural deformation capacity of reinforced concrete rectangular columns expressed in terms of the ultimate (‘near collapse’) drift. Two databases (PEER and Fardis), which represent subsets of the original databases, were used. Four input parameters were employed in the basic model: axial load index, index related to confinement, shear span index, and concrete compressive strength. The results of analyses suggest that, in general, ultimate drift decreases with increasing axial load index, and increases with better confinement. An increase in the shear span‐to‐depth ratio has a beneficial effect until a turning point is reached. After that the opposite trend can be observed, i.e. a decrease in the ultimate drift with further increasing of the shear span‐to‐depth ratio. No clear trend is observed in the case of concrete compressive strength. The predictions, obtained by using the Fardis database are in general somewhat larger than the predictions from the PEER database, due to the difference in the definition of ultimate drift. The scatter of results is large. The local coefficient of variation, which is a measure for dispersion, amounts to about 0.2–0.5. The ultimate drifts obtained by using the two databases, were compared with the values predicted by the Eurocode 8 empirical formula. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Shaking table tests on a high‐rise RC building model having torsional eccentricity in soft lower storeys     

Dong‐Woo Ko  Han‐Seon Lee 《地震工程与结构动力学》2006,35(11):1425-1451

A series of shaking table tests on a 1:12‐scale model using scaled TaftN21E earthquake records were conducted to investigate the seismic performance of a 17‐storey high‐rise reinforced concrete structure with a high degree of torsional eccentricity and soft‐storey irregularities in the bottom two storeys. Based on the analysis of test results, the following conclusions were drawn: (1) the model responded mainly in the coupled mode of translation and torsion or in the torsional mode. Under severe table shaking, the flexible side underwent large inelastic deformation, and the predominant mode of the model changed from the coupled mode to the torsional mode, resulting in greatly increased torsional stiffness, thereby limiting damage in the flexible frame; (2) the shear force and deformation of the flexible side were governed by the torsional behaviour, whereas those of the stiff side were affected mainly by the overturning deformation. The lateral stiffness of the shear wall in the torsional mode was about four times that in the coupled mode because the warping deformation due to torsion counteracted the flexural deformation due to overturning moment in the torsional mode; and (3) the reversed cyclic overturning moments predicted by linear elastic dynamic analysis in the direction transverse to the table excitations contradicted unilateral overturning moments of the serviceability‐level test results, which showed a bias towards tension or compression in the columns. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Methodology for preliminary seismic design of extended pile‐shafts for bridge structures     

S. T. Song  Y. H. Chai  A. M. Budek 《地震工程与结构动力学》2006,35(14):1721-1738

Seismic design of extended pile‐shafts requires a careful consideration of the influence of the surrounding soil on the overall response of the soil–pile system. In this paper, a procedure that incorporates soil properties into the process is developed for preliminary seismic design of extended pile‐shafts. The method follows the well‐accepted approach of using a force reduction factor to determine the lateral strength of the structure. The procedure involves an iterative process to arrive at the required amount of longitudinal reinforcement. Other outcomes of the procedure include the appropriate lateral stiffness and strength, as well as an estimation of the local curvature demand and ultimate drift ratio that can be used to ensure a satisfactory lateral response. The design procedure is capable of providing reliable results for a practical range of structural and soil properties. The versatility of the procedure is illustrated using two numerical examples of extended pile‐shafts constructed in different soil sites. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Experimental and analytical studies on earthquake resisting behaviour of confined concrete block masonry structures     

Norio Hori  Norio Inoue  Dangol Purushotam  Tetsuya Nishida  Jun Kobayashi 《地震工程与结构动力学》2006,35(13):1699-1719

To improve the seismic performance of masonry structures, confined masonry that improves the seismic resistance of masonry structures by the confining effect of surrounding bond beams and tie columns is constructed. This study investigated the earthquake resisting behaviour of confined masonry structures that are being studied and constructed in China. The structural system consists of unreinforced block masonry walls with surrounding reinforced concrete bond beams and tie columns. The characteristics of the structure include: (1) damage to blocks is reduced and brittle failure is avoided by the comparatively lower strength of the joint mortar than that of the blocks, (2) the masonry walls and surrounding reinforced concrete bond beams and tie columns are securely jointed by the shear keys of the tie columns. In this study, wall specimens made of concrete blocks were tested under a cyclic lateral load and simulated by a rigid body spring model that models non‐linear behaviour by rigid bodies and boundary springs. The results of studies outline the resisting mechanism, indicating that a rigid body spring model is considered appropriate for analysing this type of structure. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

采用热像仪测量玉米冠层半球方向亮温的四种方法比较     

余涛  顾行发  田国良  M．Legran  J．F．Hanocq  R．Bosseno  梁洪有  蔡红艳  程天海  余珊珊 《遥感学报》2006,10(2):145-150

为了提高玉米冠层半球方向亮温（DBT）测量的准确性，对一套由工业用起重机平台和热红外成像仪组成的地面观测系统的四种测量方法进行了对比和评价。这些方法基于不同的测量原理：（1）通过移动起重机和平台，从不同的角度去测量一个样区的DBT；（2）固定起重机和平台的位置，通过旋转热像仪，从不同的区域收集不同角度的DBT；（3）对方法2的改进，转动热像仪朝向的同时，吊车沿作物垄行方向运动，得到大区域内平均的DBT；（4）当热像仪沿着垂直于垄行方向的起重机臂运动时，用高成像频率对目标热辐射进行采样。在对这些方法进行比较时，着重考虑了玉米冠层亮温分布的时间和空间变化所产生的影响，对本观测系统的优点和局限性进行了初步探讨。最后，本文从实际应用的角度，提出了一个基于这个系统且优化了的DBT测量方法。  相似文献   

基于能量原理的钢筋混凝土筒体结构抗震性能研究     

朱建华  沈蒲生 《地震工程与工程振动》2006,(5)

本文通过能量法研究了钢筋混凝土筒体结构的抗震性能。文中采用振型分解法按等效单自由度体系求解筒体结构的滞回输入能;用pushover法分析了滞回耗能在结构层间的分布规律及结构自身的耗能能力;根据楼层滞回耗能与弹塑性层间位移的关系求出了薄弱层的弹塑性位移。对一高层钢筋混凝土框架-筒体结构在7度罕遇地震下的抗震性能进行了评估,通过与非线性动力时程分析的对比,证明了方法的可行性。  相似文献   

在特殊荷载作用下钢筋混凝土桥T形梁碳纤维加固实用设计方法     

刘岩峰  贾晓弟  张文贵  武春廷 《世界地震工程》2006,22(1):129-132

在对5根T形梁进行U形箍加固试验基础上就实际加固设计中遇到的问题按梁的破坏形式,采用规范中的有关假定,并附加碳纤维布与梁粘结锚固可靠假定,利用截面的平面几何关系和力的平衡关系计算出梁的极限承载力,从而给出计算加固面积的实用方法。  相似文献   

某公路隧道不同纤维混凝土支护结构性能比较   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

朱赞成  华渊  宋卫东 《工程地质学报》2006,14(1):127-130

软弱、破碎围岩的公路隧道支护一直是困扰公路隧道施工的技术难题。结合三里冲软弱围岩公路隧道工程地质条件和隧道开挖设计参数,采用FLAC软件对钢纤维混凝土锚喷和聚丙烯纤维混凝土锚喷2种初期支护结构进行数值模拟研究。从应力、位移和塑性区3个方面分析隧道围岩的稳定性。计算结果表明,聚丙烯纤维混凝土锚喷支护结构能充分发挥围岩自承载能力,提高隧道的稳定性,能有效减少二次衬砌混凝土的厚度。  相似文献   

黄土高原混凝土建筑物的地震随机反应分析     

王恩涌 《地震工程与工程振动》2006,26(3):128-130

本文利用随机振动理论和动力分析有限元法,计算了在9度地震作用下黄土高原混凝土建筑物在随机地震下响应的统计特性,分析了黄土层对混凝土建筑物地震反应的影响。  相似文献