Unravelling the spirals: a serial thin-section study and three-dimensional computer-aided reconstruction of spiral-shaped inclusion trails in garnet porphyroblasts   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

S. E. JOHNSON 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1993,11(5):621-634

Abstract Seventy-seven spatially orientated, serial thin sections cut from a single rock reveal changes in the geometry of spiral-shaped inclusion trails (SSITs) in garnet porphyroblasts. The observed SSITs are doubly curved, non-cylindrical surfaces, with total inclusion-trail curvature decreasing systematically from the cores to the rims of porphyroblasts. The three-dimensional geometry of the SSITs, reconstructed with the aid of computer graphics, shows that the orientations of spiral axes defined by the SSITs are not related in any expected nor predictable way to the main foliation in the matrix. This suggests continued deformation after or during the latest stages of porphyroblast growth, which has important implications for the use of SSITs as shear-sense indicators. Whether the formation of SSITs involves significant porphyroblast rotation with respect to a geographically fixed reference frame cannot be determined from the available data.  相似文献   

成矿区带深部有色金属矿产资源勘查评价方法技术研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

黄力军  徐刚峰 《地质学报》2006,80(10):1549-1552

目前我国大部地区的区域地质、物探和化探测量工作业已完成,确定出数十个成矿远景区带,成矿区带内进一步找矿工作,尤其是深部找矿工作一直是急于解决的主要问题。另一方面,危机矿山找矿问题早已提到议事日程,危机矿山大多处于成矿远景区带内,所以成矿区带找矿也是危机矿山深部和外围找矿的一个组成部分。物化探一直是寻找深部隐伏矿产资源的主要手段,如何把物化探方法技术有机地结合起来,如何将新方法新技术融入到找矿工作中是急需我们考虑的问题。就此问题,文中提出一些看法。  相似文献   

De-bugging the 'millipede' porphyroblast microstructure: a serial thin-section study and 3-D computer animation   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

S. E. JOHNSON  R. R. MOORE 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1996,14(1):3-14

ABSTRACT Seventy-five spatially orientated, serial thin sections cut from a single rock containing ‘millipede’ porphyroblast microstructure from the Robertson River Metamorphics, Australia, reveal the three-dimensional (3-D) geometry of oppositely concave microfolds (OCMs) that define the microstructure. Electronic animations showing progressive serial sections of the 3-D microstructure are made available via the World Wide Web. The OCM amplitudes decrease regularly from a maximum in near-central sections to a minimum in near-marginal sections, whereas the OCM interlimb angles increase regularly from a minimum in near-central sections to a maximum in near-marginal sections. These observations illustrate that the OCMs are noncylindrical surfaces with culminations located in near-central sections. Because the porphyroblast cores appear to have been present before significant development of the syn-OCM foliation, all of the OCMs were formed by heterogeneous extension around these cores. The overall geometry of the OCMs described here reflects the strain state, and cannot be used to constrain deformation paths.  相似文献   

Hydrodynamic characteristics of ship sections in shallow water with complex bottom geometry     

S. Sutulo 《Ocean Engineering》2010,37(10):947-958

The method of boundary integral equation developed by the authors was applied for computing inertial and damping characteristics of ship sections for the cases of multi-stepped and inclined bottoms. Comparative calculations for three typical ship hull sections were performed and analyzed. The frequency-dependent data computed for these ship sections can be used to assess the bottom geometry's influence onto the ship motions in waves by means of the strip theory. Limiting values of the same characteristics corresponding to the close-to-zero frequency can also be used for estimation of hydrodynamic forces in manoeuvring over shallow and confined waterways.  相似文献   

关于编制盆地构造演化剖面的几个问题的讨论   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

漆家福  杨桥等 《地质论评》2001,47(4):388-392

本文根据平衡剖面原理,从构造地质学基本原理出发,讨论了采用“地层回剥”方法编制构造演化剖面时遇到的影响古构造复原的若干问题,强调建立平衡地质剖面和利用平衡剖面技术编制盆地构造演化剖面时,“地质概念上”的平衡和地质逻辑上的合理比纯粹的“几何学上”的平衡更重要。  相似文献   

Quantification of bank erosion in a drained agricultural lowland catchment          下载免费PDF全文

Anthony Foucher  Sébastien Salvador‐Blanes  Rosalie Vandromme  Olivier Cerdan  Marc Desmet 《水文研究》2017,31(6):1424-1437

The long‐term and current volumes of sediment exported from stream banks were calculated as potential sources of sediment in a large pond located at the catchment outlet of a small agricultural lowland basin strongly affected by anthropogenic pressure in France. Bank erosion was measured over a short period using a network of erosion pins along a small stream (1400 m long) to quantify the material exported during a single winter (2012–2013). The material exported by this same stream over the last 69 years was quantified using an original approach involving the comparison of a compilation of three‐dimensional historical stream redesign plans that date back to 1944 with the state of the banks in 2013 (differential global positioning system and LiDAR data). The results suggest that a global trend of material loss along the stream banks monitored by erosion pins, with an average erosion rate of 17.7 mm year^?1 and an average volume of exported material of 75 t km^?1. Over 69 years, this same stream exported an average of 36 t km^?1 year^?1, and the average loss of material from the banks throughout the whole catchment was estimated to be 14 t km^?1 year^?1. The contribution of bank material to the filling of the pond over the last 10 years is between 46% and 52% based on an extrapolation of erosion pin dynamics or between 27% and 30% based on the comparison of LiDAR data to the average historical profile extrapolated for the catchment. These results suggest that bank erosion represents a major source of sediment in degraded waters in traditionally understudied agricultural lowland catchments, where anthropogenic pressures are high.  相似文献   

Structural evolution of the Kopeh Dagh fold-and-thrust belt (NE Iran) and interactions with the South Caspian Sea Basin and Amu Darya Basin     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2014

We present a detailed stratigraphic and structural study of the Kopeh Dagh fold-and-thrust belt in NE Iran, which is an investigation of the complex polyphased tectonic history of this belt and its links with the adjacent South Caspian Sea and Amu Darya basins. Based on numerous field surveys, a large amount of 2D and 3D seismic data, borehole data and more than 150 new biostratigaphic datings, a new detailed biostratigraphic chart and 4 main regional cross-sections illustrate the importance of lateral facies variations and structural inheritance in the present-day structure of the belt.After the Cimmerian orogeny corresponding to the closure of the Paleotethys Ocean in Late Triassic/Early Jurassic times, a Middle Jurassic post-collisional rifting event was associated with the deposition of one of the main source rocks of the Kopeh Dagh and the Amu Darya Basin (Kashafrud Formation). Following this rifting event, over 7 km of sediments were accumulated until the Tertiary above a regional post-Triassic unconformity. The occurrence of local uplifts during the Late Cretaceous-Early Paleocene is interpreted as a consequence of regional-scale modification of plate-slab coupling in the Neotethys subduction zone. The main inversion of the Kopeh Dagh occurred at Late Eocene times, when the far-field deformation developed in Eurasia as a consequence of the locking of the Neo-Tethys subduction. This folding phase is sealed in the western part of the belt by a major Eocene-Oligocene unconformity at the base of the thick sedimentary series belonging to the South Caspian Sea Basin. The bulk of sedimentary infill in the South Caspian Sea Basin is Oligocene and younger, and it is probably related to syn-compressional downward flexure of the resistant basement basin at the onset of the Alpine phase. In the eastern part of the Kopeh Dagh, this deformation is characterized by Middle Jurassic graben inversion with evidence of forced folding, short-cuts and as well by larger scale basement uplifts. In contrast, the northwestern part of the belt shows thrust faults involving basement and fault-propagation folds within the sedimentary sequence. The Kopeh Dagh presents tectonic structures that are parallel to the Paleotethys suture zone, which emphasizes the importance of the structural inheritance and inversion processes during the structural evolution of the belt. Finally, a change from a mostly dip-slip to a mostly strike-slip tectonics occurred during the Pliocene within the Kopeh Dagh as a consequence of a major tectonic reorganization in North-East Iran.  相似文献   

基于斜率收敛的隧道断面点云截取方法研究     

胡琦佳  ;刘晓华  ;李春华  ;田金鑫  ;王洪伟 《测绘与空间地理信息》2014,(8):53-56

介绍一种基于斜率收敛的三维激光扫描隧道断面点云数据的提取方法,以适用于没有隧道中线数据的断面点云截取,实现了由斜率限差的迭代计算来控制中心线的拟合精度。  相似文献   

Approximate general solution of 2-degrees of freedom dynamical systems using `les solutions precieuses'     

C.L. Goudas  K.E. Papadakis  E. Valaris 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2003,286(3-4):461-486

This paper presents the procedure of a computational scheme leading to approximate general solution of the axi-symmetric,2-degrees of freedom dynamical systems. Also the results of application of this scheme in two such systems of the non-linear double oscillator with third and fifth order potentials in position variables. Their approximate general solution is constructed by computing a dense set of families of periodic solutions and their presentation is made through plots of initial conditions. The accuracy of the approximate general solution is defined by two error parameters, one giving a measure of the accuracy of the integration and calculation of periodic solutions procedure, and the second the density in the initial conditions space of the periodic solutions calculated. Due to the need to compute families of periodic solutions of large periods the numerical integrations were carried out using the eighth order, variable step, R-K algorithm, which secured for almost all results presented here conservation of the energy constant between 10^-9 and 10^-12 for single runs of any and all solutions. The accuracy of the approximate general solution is controlled by increasing the number of family curves and also by `zooming' into parts of the space of initial conditions. All families of periodic solutions were checked for their stability. The computation of such families within areas of `deterministic chaos' did not encounter any difficulty other than poorer precision. Furthermore, on the basis of the stability study of the computed families, the boundaries of areas of `order' and `chaos' were approximately defined. On the basis of these results it is concluded that investigations in thePoincaré sections have to disclose 3 distinct types of areas of `order' and 2 distinct types of areas of `chaos'. Verification of the `order'/`chaos' boundary calculation was made by working out several Poincaré surfaces of sections. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Numerical Investigation of the Galactic Problem by Computing Families of Periodic Solutions     

C. L. Goudas  K. E. Papadakis  G. A. Katsiaris 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2006,301(1-4):97-116

The galactic dynamical system expressed by a third-order axisymmetric polynomial potential is investigated numerically by computing periodic solutions. We define as Sthe compact set of initial conditions generating bounded motions, and as S ^p , with S ^p ? S, the countable set of all initial conditions generating periodic solutions. Then, we consider the subsets S _s ^p and S _a ^p of S ^p , where S _s ^p ∪ S _a ^p = S ^p , S _s ^p S _a ^p = Ø, the first of which corresponds to symmetric periodic solutions, and the second to asymmetric solutions. Then, we approximate the set S _s ^p , leaving treatment of the set S _a ^p of asymmetric solutions for a future publication. The set S _s ^p is known to be dense in S (‘Last Geometric Theorem of Poincar;’, Birkhoff, 1913). Using a computer programme capable to locate all elements of the set S _s ^p that generate symmetric periodic solutions that re-enter after intersecting the axis of symmetry from 1 to ntimes. The results of the approximation of S _s ^p in the total domain and in the sample sub-domains of zooming, we present in graphical form as family curves in the (x, C) plane. The solutions located with the largest periods re-enter after 440 galaxy revolutions while the families calculated fully (initial conditions, period, energy, stability co-efficient) include solutions that re-enter after 340 galaxy revolutions. To advance further the approximation of the set S _s ^p thus obtained, we applied the same procedure inside eight sub-domains of the domain Sinto which we ‘zoomed’ through selection of finer search steps and double maximum periods. The family curves thus calculated presented in the (x, C) plane do not intersect anywhere in some sub-domains and their pattern resembles that of laminar flow. In other sub-domains, however, we found family curves from which branching families emanate. The concepts of completeand non-completeapproximation of S _s ^p in sub-domains of laminar and sub-domains with branching family curves, respectively, is introduced. Also, the concept of basic family of order1, 2, ..., n, are defined. The morphology of individual periodic solutions of all families is investigated, and the types of envelopes found are described. The approximate set S _s ^p was also checked by computing Poincar; sections for energy values corresponding to the mean energy range of the eight sub-domains of zooming mentioned above. These sections show that most parts of the compact domain in Sgenerating non-periodic but bounded solutions correspond to with well-shaped tori that intersect the x-axis, a fact that implies that dominant to exclusive type of periodic solutions are the symmetric ones with two normal crossings of this axis. The presence of non-symmetric periodic solutions as well as of chaotic regions is encountered. All calculations reported here were performed using the variable step R-K 8th-order direct integration and setting the allowable energy variation Δ C= |C _start? C _end| < 10^?13. The output, consisting of many thousands of families and their properties (initial conditions, morphology, stability, etc.), is stored in a directory entitled ‘Atlas of the Symmetric Periodic Solution of the Galactic Motion Problem’.  相似文献