断层识别技术及其在MB油气田的应用   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

刘彦  孟小红  胡金民  吴江南 《地球物理学进展》2008,23(2):515-521

结合MB凸起油气勘查项目,总结断层解释方法:既要依据地震时间剖面特征来分析判断,更要了解盆地范围内应力场、变形机理以及工区范围内的构造样式.针对微小断层识别困难这一问题,采取多种技术手段,包括:(1)叠后目标处理提高地震资料对小断层的分辨能力;(2)正演模型分析指导小断层的解释;(3)相干数据体水平切片和近反射道几何特征分析识别微小断层;(4)三维数据体任意线剖面检验微小断层,识别了常规地震剖面难以确定的小断层,达到了断层精细解释的目的.  相似文献   

Basement-controlled deformation of sedimentary sequences,Anadarko Shelf,Oklahoma     

Folarin Kolawole  Molly Simpson Turko  Brett M. Carpenter 《Basin Research》2020,32(6):1365-1387

Structures rooted in the crystalline basement frequently control the deformation of the host bedrock and the overlying sedimentary sequences. Here, we elucidate the structure of the c. 2-km deep Precambrian granitic basement in the Anadarko Shelf, Oklahoma, and how the propagation of basement faults deformed the sedimentary cover. Although the basin is foreland in origin, the gently dipping shelf sequences experienced transpressional deformation in the Late Palaeozoic. We analyse a 3-D seismic reflection data set and basement penetrating well data in an area of 824 km². We observe: (a) pervasive deformation of the basement by basement-bounded interconnected mafic sills, and a system of subvertical discontinuity planes (interpreted as faults) of which some penetrate the overlying sedimentary cover; (b) three large (>10 km-long) through-going faults, with relatively small (<100 m) vertical separation (Vsep) of the deformed stratigraphic surfaces; (c) upward propagation of the large faults characterized by faulted-blocks near the basement, and faulted-monoclines in the deeper sedimentary units that transition into open monoclinal flexures up-section; (d) cumulative along-fault deformation of the stratigraphy exhibits systematic trends that varies with offset accrual; (e) two styles of Vsep—Depth distribution which include a unidirectional decrease of Vsep from the basement through the cover rocks (Style-1) and a bidirectional decrease of Vsep from a deep sedimentary unit towards the basement and shallower sequences (Style-2). We find that the basement-driven propagation (Style-1) shows greater efficiency of driving the fault deformation to shallower depths compared to the intrasedimentary-driven fault nucleation and propagation (Style-2). Our study demonstrates an evolution of cumulative Vsep trends with offset accrual on the faults, and the partial inheritance of the heterogeneous intra-basement deformation by the sedimentary cover. This contribution provides important insight into the upward propagation of basement-driven faulting associated with structural inheritance in contractional sedimentary basins.  相似文献   

1970年通海Ms7.7地震后青藏高原东南部小江断裂带和红河断裂带的库仑应力变化研究     

朱晓杰  何建坤 《大地测量与地球动力学》2019,39(12):1223-1227

基于1970年通海MS7.7地震的破裂参数,利用模型对不同岩石圈流变特性下库仑破裂应力的变化进行研究,探讨通海地震的静态同震变形和短期震后变形对小江断裂带和红河断裂带上潜在地震活动的影响。结果表明,这2条断裂带的一些断裂段在深度7.5 km处库仑破裂应力增量(ΔCFS)的震时变化达到0.12~0.50 bar,48 a后由于下地壳和上地幔的应力松弛,相同位置的库仑破裂应力增量高达0.22~0.90 bar。说明1970年通海MS7.7地震增强了小江断裂带和红河断裂带上潜在的地震活动性,在将来的地震工作中应加强对其的研究,并通过增加野外观测的方式监测其地震活动与地壳运动模式。  相似文献   

design and construction of national active fault data integration and sharing platform     

SUI Yuan  DU Ke-ping  YU Gui-hua  XU Xi-wei  WU Xi-yan  GAN De-qiang 《地震地质》2015,37(4):1115-1124

Over the past nearly 20 years, there is a huge development in active fault database related technologies in China, mass of active fault data has provided us important basis for researching on earthquake and disaster reduction, etc. However, with the appearance of huge amount of active fault data, lots of problems have emerged, such as data redundancy, inefficient management and information islands, etc. One of the major reasons is lack of efficient method to share the active fault data we owned.By study and comparison, we find that WebGIS is a good solution to solve the problem of active fault data publishing and sharing. WebGIS has well combined the advantages of traditional GIS and internet technologies, it could also share geographic data quickly, provide abundant browsing, searching and analysis functions. Based on the project of "China Earthquake Active Fault Detection—The North China Tectonic Region", and taking the foundational database information sharing platform of the active fault detection and survey as an example, the paper introduces the key technologies of active fault data sharing platform with latest WebGIS technology. The sharing system, which employs ArcGIS Server 10.0 as the GIS server, and utilizes MS-Silverlight technology at the client side, makes use of three-layer architecture which is popular in current B/S mode. To guarantee the security of the database on the internet, data source in the backend of the system is a simplified version of the active fault database of the North China tectonic region. Finally, the system has realized the publishing and sharing of 1 ︰ 50000 active fault mapping and main geophysical survey lines in North China tectonic region, and moreover, it provides some conventional map operations as well as fault searching and locating functions.The wide use of active fault data decides the significance of sharing system. It is very convenient to use this lightweight data sharing system to provide important basis for relevant industries, such as urban planning, land use and engineering site option, etc.  相似文献   

奥维互动地图在城市地质调查勘测中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

潘黎黎  吴教兵  李细光 《贵州地质》2020,37(1):103-109

在开展城市活动断层探测工作时,奥维地图可有效提高地质地貌调查、地球物理勘探、钻探等野外工作及数据管理的效率。在地质地貌调查中可对地质调查点进行记录描述、查看宏观地貌特征、定位及导航等;地球物理勘探中可借助卫星影像进行测线设计、测线信息记录等;钻探中可用于钻孔编录信息的保存。奥维提供了备注模版功能,用户可自定义备注格式及内容用于记录各种信息。可将地质调查点、物探测线、钻孔等叠加于Google卫星图之上进行展示,分类管理城市活动断层探测野外调查数据。  相似文献   

正断层控制下冲积扇沉积过程与沉积构型模拟实验          下载免费PDF全文

魏思源  刘忠保  吴胜和  王玺童 《古地理学报》2020,22(6):1095-1108

正断层构造广泛发育于盆地内和造山带中,其对可容空间分配及沉积物分布具有明显的控制作用,从而影响了冲积扇形态。为进一步探究正断层构造对冲积扇沉积过程及其内部构型的控制作用,利用水槽实验对正断层构造发育背景下的冲积扇发育过程进行模拟再现。研究表明,携带大量沉积物的碎屑流优先在上盘近断层处泄载,后经牵引流的改造,形成沿断面垂向生长、尖端指向物源的三角形分水滩。水动力较强时碎屑流越过分水滩并在分水滩尾部发育越滩朵体,水动力较弱时碎屑流遇分水滩尖端分流后沿断面在分水滩两侧发育断面朵体。受控于断面及分水滩的阻挡,冲积扇表面不同位置的沉积物泄载过程差异较大,粒度差异明显,上盘扇体中分水滩沉积物偏粗,越滩朵体次之,断面朵体最细。冲积扇的发育过程依据分水滩砂体厚度和断距大小之间的差异,共分为3个阶段。断距大小还会影响冲积扇沉积构型,断距越大,上盘可容空间越大,分水滩发育时间越长,扇体内部砂体叠置样式越复杂。受控于正断层的冲积扇内部构型在垂直物源剖面上从近端至远端,分别发育纵向沙坝、分水滩及碎屑流朵体,在平行物源剖面上以复合水道主控、分水滩叠复体主控、多期朵体叠复体主控为主。  相似文献   

库车前陆褶皱-冲断带基底断裂对盐构造形成的影响   总被引：15，自引：7，他引：8  

余一欣  汤良杰  李京昌  杨文静  金文正  彭更新  雷刚林  万桂梅 《地质学报》2006,80(3):330-336

地震剖面解释和构造物理模拟实验表明,库车前陆褶皱—冲断带前古近系基底构造对上覆盐构造的形成演化有重要的控制作用。位于冲断带前缘的秋里塔格构造带西段前古近系基底表现为古隆起形态,并发育有丰富的基底断裂和盐构造。基底断裂大多表现为逆断裂,其走向与地表山系基本一致,倾向主要为NNW和SSE,具有较明显的分段特征。古近系库姆格列木组膏盐层塑性流动变形形成的盐构造主要有盐枕、盐推覆、盐焊接和鱼尾构造等。前古近系基底断裂通过影响古近系库姆格列木组膏盐层的塑性流动方式和平面展布特征,进而控制盐层及上覆层的构造变形过程,最终导致在盐层和上覆层形成了大量形态各异的盐相关构造。  相似文献   

关中活断层热释光测年     

李秉成 《地球科学与环境学报》1999,(Z1)

本文阐述了主要利用关中活断层中的断层泥进行热释光年龄测定的方法和步骤,得出了１４个数据,比较了一些具有地层层位的数据与用断层坎扩散方程计算出的结果,证明这些数据与用断层坎扩散方程计算出的结果大约有５ ％ ～１０％ 或稍大的误差。从科学发展的现阶段看,这些结果是可信和可用的,关中活断层在２ ～１６－５ 万年期间有一个活跃期  相似文献   

乌鲁木齐地区活动断裂强震复发概率模型研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张永庆  谢富仁  王峰 《地震地质》2007,29(4):776-786

基于乌鲁木齐地区活动断裂的定量研究和区域地震活动性的分析,特别是对活动断裂(带)上的古地震和现代地震资料进行的系统、详细的分析与总结,以西山断裂为例,建立了反映该断裂地震地质特点和运动学属性的复发模式和概率模型。复发模式的建立兼顾了泊松和准周期2种模式。概率模型的建立包括2个层次上的内容:分析断裂上的古地震和历史强震目录(1863—2006年)以获得地表破裂型地震(MS≥6.7)的平均复发间隔;分析活动断裂所在潜在震源区的现代地震目录(1970—2006年,MS=2.0～5.0)以确定中等以上地震(MS≥5.0)的平均复发间隔;利用专家意见法组合相应的Poisson模型和BPT模型计算活动断裂各级地震的复发概率。计算结果表明,西山断裂地表破裂型地震的100a发震概率为4.0%,50a发震概率为3.6%。另外根据古地震资料、断裂规模和倾向滑动速率获得的西山断裂(带)的最大发震能力为7.5级。该研究综合应用了本地区的最新地震地质研究成果,在一定程度上较好地描述了断裂上地震活动的复杂性,可以较全面地评估乌鲁木齐地区活动断裂的地震危险性,该研究方法适合于地震地质资料较难完整获取的地区  相似文献   

Brittle tectonism in relation to the Palaeogene evolution of the Thulean/NE Atlantic domain: a study in Ulster     

LAURENT GEOFFROY  FRANCOISE BERGERAT  JACQUES ANGELIER 《Geological Journal》1996,31(3):259-269

The tectonic effects of the Thulean mantle plume on the opening of the North Atlantic Ocean is still poorly understood. An analysis of the brittle deformation affecting the Late Cretaceous Chalk and Lower Tertiary igneous formations cropping out in Ulster (Northern Ireland), part of the Thulean Province, leads to the recognition of two tectonic phases. Each of these phases is characterized by different stress regimes with similar trends of the horizontal maximum principal stress σ_H. The first phase, syn-magmatic and dominated by NE–SW to ENE–WSW extension, occurred during the Palaeocene. It is followed by a second post-magmatic phase, characterized initially by a probably Eocene strike-slip to compressional palaeo-stress regime with σ₁ (=σ_H) trending NE–SW to NNE–SSW associated with the partial reactivation (as reverse faults) of normal faults formed during the first phase NE–SW extension. This episode is postdated by an Oligocene extension, with σ_H (=σ₂) still striking NNE–SSW/NE–SW, which reactivated Eocene strike-slip faults as nearly vertical dip-slip normal faults. This Palaeogene tectonic evolution is consistent with the tectonic evolution of similar age in western Scotland and in the Faeroe Islands. In particular, the post-magmatic NE–SW compression is here related to the ‘Faeroe compressive event’, which is related to the earliest stages of drift of the Greenland plate.  相似文献