Limited differences among habitats in deep‐sea macro‐infaunal communities off New Zealand: implications for their vulnerability to anthropogenic disturbance          下载免费PDF全文

Daniel Leduc  Ashley A. Rowden  Malcolm R. Clark  David A. Bowden  Andrew R. Thurber 《Marine Ecology》2016,37(4):845-866

The spread of human activities into the deep sea may pose a high risk to benthic communities and affect ecosystem integrity. The deep sea is characterized by physical and biological heterogeneity and different habitat types are likely to differ in their vulnerability to anthropogenic impacts. However, across‐habitat comparisons are rare, and no comprehensive ecological risk assessment has yet been developed. To address this gap in our knowledge, we compared macro‐infaunal community structure in four habitats (slope, canyons, seamounts and methane seeps) at depths between 700 and 1500 m in the Hikurangi Margin and Bay of Plenty regions off New Zealand. The most striking contrast in community structure was between the two study regions, due to an order of magnitude difference in macro‐infaunal abundance that we believe was caused by differences in surface productivity and food availability at the sea bed. We found differences in structural and functional attributes of macro‐infaunal communities among some habitats in the Hikurangi Margin (slope, canyon and seep), but not in the Bay of Plenty. We posit that differences between canyon and slope communities on the Hikurangi Margin are due to enhanced food availability inside canyons compared with adjacent slope habitats. Seep communities were characterized by elevated abundance of both symbiont‐bearing and heterotrophic taxa, and were the most distinct, and variable, among the habitats that we considered on the Hikurangi Margin. Communities of seamounts were not distinct from slope or canyon communities on the Hikurangi Margin, probably reflecting similar environmental conditions in these habitats. The communities of deep‐sea canyon and seep habitats on the Hikurangi Margin were sufficiently dissimilar from each other and from slope habitats to warrant separate management consideration. By contrast, the low dissimilarity between communities of canyon and slope habitats in the Bay of Plenty suggests that habitat‐based management is not required in this region, for macro‐infauna at least. Although the two study regions share similar species pools, populations of the Hikurangi Margin region may be less vulnerable than the sparser populations of the Bay of Plenty due to the higher availability of potential colonizers and faster population growth. Thus regions, and habitats in some regions, should be subject to separate ecological risk assessment to help identify the key risks and consequences of human activities, and to inform options for reducing or mitigating impacts.  相似文献   

Diversity patterns of free‐living marine nematodes in the southwest continental shelf off Bay of Bengal and their link to abiotic variables          下载免费PDF全文

Kapuli Gani Mohamed Thameemul Ansari  Somasundharanair Lyla  Syed Ajmal Khan  Punyasloke Bhadury 《Marine Ecology》2016,37(3):631-644

Marine sediments in continental shelf ecosystems harbor a rich biodiversity of benthic communities. In this study, the spatial and temporal diversity and community assemblages of free‐living marine nematodes were studied by sampling at six depths and over 3 years from the southwest continental shelf off Bay of Bengal, one of the least explored tropical shelf ecosystems. The dominant marine nematode species were related with abiotic variables as part of this study. The effects of sediment granulometry generally decreased with increasing depth and the highest nematode density and species diversity were recorded on coarse sand (shallower depths). Multivariate analysis of the nematode community data showed that community structure differed significantly among depths as well as among years. Statistical analyses showed significant correlations between the nematode community and abiotic variables. Sediment texture, organic matter, water pressure and depth profile were crucial factors for determining diversity, vertical profile and feeding types of the nematode community. Other environmental factors, including anthropogenic pressure, did not have an effect on nematode diversity except for the presence of some tolerant species (Metachromadora spp., Sabatieria spp. and Siplophorella sp.). This study represents a baseline of knowledge of free‐living marine nematode communities that can be used in the future to compare nematode assemblages from temperate shelf ecosystems.  相似文献   

频谱分解技术在泥页岩储层含气性预测中的应用——以柴达木盆地鱼卡凹陷为例     

徐秋枫  陈建文  姚泉  周志  王胜建 《地质通报》2016,35(203):348-355

针对柴达木盆地北缘鱼卡凹陷中侏罗统大煤沟组泥页岩,利用地震频谱曲线在不同流体介质储层中的形态、斜率、主频与中心频率的差值等属性参数特征,识别陆相泥页岩层系的地震频谱属性特征,预测含气性。研究结果表明,中侏罗统大煤沟组上部能量系数较低,平均为0.6719,下部能量系数较高,平均为0.7521,结合现场含气量和全烃特征认为,可以以能量系数0.7为界线,作为识别下部和上部含气性的标志,下部明显比上部含气性好。平面上进一步圈定了2个有利目标区,得到柴页1井勘探验证。因此,频谱分解技术可应用于中国陆相页岩气的勘查开发。  相似文献   

柴北缘布赫特山一带达肯大坂岩群变质岩变形特征、地球化学特征及地质意义     

王洪强  邵铁全  唐汉华  姜开拓 《地质通报》2016,35(9):1488-1496

古元古代达肯大坂岩群为柴北缘构造带的变质结晶基底,是柴北缘造山带的重要组成部分。前人在德令哈以西的鱼卡河—锡铁山—沙柳河一带和大柴旦等地对达肯大坂岩群做了较深入的研究,但对于柴北缘东段的研究还相对薄弱,缺乏东西段的对比研究。通过对布赫特山一带达肯大坂岩群中片麻岩和斜长角闪片岩的岩石学、岩石地球化学、年代学研究和区域对比,认为研究区的岩性、矿物组合、变质程度与德令哈以西鱼卡河—锡铁山—沙柳河一带达肯大坂岩群具有较高的相似性。布赫特山一带达肯大坂岩群主要为一套碎屑岩夹火山岩的岩石组合,变形强烈,其形成环境为岛弧与活动性陆缘的过渡环境,且岩浆来源为壳幔混染。由采集的2件Sm-Nd同位素样品得到了2组等时线年龄分别为2085±14Ma和2027±19Ma。由此可知达肯大坂岩群为古元古代柴北缘地区的变质结晶基底,是柴北缘古元古代造山带的重要组成部分。  相似文献   

Distribution and feeding modes of macrobenthos within three oceanographic feature areas of the KwaZulu-Natal Bight,South Africa     

CB Untiedt 《African Journal of Marine Science》2016,38(1):S91-S104

The composition and distribution of macrobenthic communities was investigated in three areas in the KwaZulu- Natal Bight, a section of shelf off the east coast of South Africa. Areas were pre-selected on the basis of three known oceanographic features, posited to deliver land- or Agulhas Current-derived nutrients onto the shelf and to drive ecosystem functioning in this region. Replicate sediment samples were collected with a 0.2 m² van Veen grab, during two surveys (A, B) corresponding with normal periods of high and low rainfall, respectively. A subset of the full station array was selected across the shelf in an arrangement of increasing depths (inner-, mid- and outer shelf) through each feature area to investigate the spatial distribution and feeding modes of macrobenthic taxa. The two periods showed some differences in abundance and numbers of macrobenthic taxa, but were not statistically different. Total macrobenthic abundance from Survey A was 20 215 individuals from 642 taxa, decreasing to 18 000 individuals from 503 taxa during Survey B. Polychaeta and Crustacea were the dominant taxa sampled; abundance of the latter was attributed largely to a proliferation of Paguristes sp.1 at inner-shelf samples in the midbight (Thukela) region during Survey B. Similarity classification distinguished seven sample groups reflecting differences in feature areas and shelf positions under investigation. The Thukela River midshelf community supported the highest macrobenthic abundance, while the midshelf off the southern bight (Durban region) was most species rich. Findings were attributed to the habitat complexity of the midshelf which includes a palaeo-dune cordon at the 60 m isobath. Functionally, the community was dominated by interface- and deposit-feeding fauna, emphasising the importance of trophic plasticity in an environmentally variable and heterogeneous shelf environment.  相似文献   

江西象山地质公园丹霞地貌成景地层沉积环境分析     

刘鑫  陈留勤  李馨敏  李余亮 《现代地质》2018,32(2):260

随着旅游地学的兴起和地学科普的需求,红层与丹霞地貌正在吸引着越来越多的关注。赣东北贵溪市象山地质公园发育以赤壁丹崖为特色的丹霞地貌景观,成景地层为上白垩统圭峰群河口组以砾岩为主的红色碎屑岩,冲刷侵蚀界面、粒序层理和交错层理等沉积构造发育,这为沉积环境分析提供了良好的判断标志。对该套成景地层进行厘米级实测,另外选择2处砾岩露头进行砾石统计以获取碎屑颗粒粒径、岩性、磨圆度和风化程度等信息。在实测厚度为40余米的地层柱状图上,识别出7种岩相类型,即正粒序砾岩、逆粒序砾岩、无沉积构造砾岩、平行层理砾岩、交错层理砾岩、聚集状砾岩、砂岩。砾石以中砾(2~5 cm)为主,磨圆度低,风化程度中等,成分以凝灰岩为主(58%~665%),其次为石英、花岗岩、砂岩。砾石成分和砾向分析结果说明,盆地南部早白垩世凝灰岩提供了主要的碎屑物质。根据野外实测红层剖面和砾石统计分析,认为成景地层为冲积扇沉积体系的产物。河口组红层沉积时期,盆地边缘断层活跃,间歇性强降雨事件导致冲积扇朵叶上洪泛河流搬运的沉积物供应充足,最终在剖面上形成砾岩和砂岩频繁互层及其厚度横向不稳定的现象。在中国东南地区晚白垩世总体干燥的古气候背景下,河口组中河流作用主导的冲积扇沉积体系可能指示了古气候向湿润转变,降水增加,相对丰富的水系将粗碎屑搬运到盆地区发生沉积。  相似文献   

陆相红层型铜铅锌矿床与红层盆地热卤水成矿作用   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

杨兵 《中国地质》2018,45(3):441-455

新疆乌恰县乌拉根超大型铅锌矿是中国发现的首个产于陆相红层盆地中的红层型铅锌矿床,对其成矿作用及成因有多种不同认识,但都将其归入现有的一些矿床类型,如喷流沉积型、砂岩型等,却均不能反映其独特的成矿环境与成矿作用。为此,在广泛收集和研究全国陆相红层盆地及其矿产的地质资料基础上,通过区域地质构造背景、含矿建造、矿床特征、控矿因素、成矿物质来源、成矿流体等方面对比分析,认为乌拉根铅锌矿与中国大量产于陆相盆地内红色建造中的红层铜矿,在矿床特征、控矿条件、矿床成因等方面具有高度的一致性,均为陆相红层盆地热卤水作用的结果,是同一类型的矿床。红层型矿床是地洼区的特有矿产,是地球地质演化到地洼阶段才出现的新的矿床类型,陆相红层盆地热卤水作用是一个完全独立的成矿系统,因此将其作为一个单独的矿床类型——红层型矿床是合理的,既具有重要理论意义,也具有重要的实践意义,为铅锌矿找矿开辟了新的方向和领域。  相似文献   

内蒙古狼山地区早石炭世角闪辉长岩、花岗闪长岩的岩石成因及构造意义   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

田健  滕学建  刘洋  滕飞  何鹏  郭硕  王文龙 《岩石矿物学杂志》2018,37(5):754-770

内蒙古狼山山脉西侧分布有大面积的晚古生代岩浆岩,时代集中在早石炭世—晚二叠世,早石炭世角闪辉长岩、花岗闪长岩体出露于潮格温都尔镇西侧。角闪辉长岩体呈岩滴状产出,被花岗闪长岩体侵入,LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄显示,角闪辉长岩的~(206)Pb/~(238)U加权平均年龄为329.0±2.3 Ma,花岗闪长岩的~(206)Pb/~(238)U加权平均年龄为331.1±0.9 Ma~330.0±4.2 Ma。花岗闪长岩暗色矿物以角闪石为主,富钠(Na2O=3.48%~4.46%),高钠钾比值(Na2O/K2O=1.03~2.39),钙碱性系列,P2O5-SiO_2之间存在较好的负相关性,岩石地球化学特征具Ⅰ型花岗岩的特点。Hf同位素及元素地球化学特征指示了角闪辉长岩及花岗闪长岩均来自于受地壳混染的亏损地幔,为同源岩浆演化的产物。角闪辉长岩及花岗闪长岩稀土元素配分型式一致,均为轻稀土元素富集,重稀土元素亏损,具弱的负Eu异常;角闪辉长岩富集Ba、Sr,亏损Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf;花岗闪长岩富集大离子亲石元素Rb、K、Pb、Sr,不同程度地亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、P、Ti,总体反映了岩浆弧的地球化学特征。结合区域地质背景,早石炭世狼山地区侵入岩岩石组合为角闪辉长岩(闪长岩)+石英闪长岩+花岗闪长岩,认为狼山地区早石炭世处于大陆边缘弧构造背景。  相似文献   

对冀北-辽西-大兴安岭地区晚中生代地层划分、对比的区域构造学思考     

张允平  宋维民  那福超 《地质与资源》2018,27(4):307-316

根据冀北-辽西-大兴安岭地区晚中生代具有相关沉积建造组合、火山-沉积建造组合、生物组合和构造类型组合特征,提出建立与造山运动"同期"的构造地层单位概念.认为这种构造地层单位的概念有利于以区域构造演化为主线,理解"同造山期"陆缘活化区陆相沉积以及火山-沉积盆地地层系统的复杂性,并从区域构造学角度提出该地区地层划分、对比的方案.  相似文献   

中亚陆间区南带上古生界构造和油气远景(代序)     

张抗 《地质通报》2018,37(1):1-6

安加拉-阿尔丹和华北-塔里木两大克拉通之间地壳相对活动性的地区,地质界多称为中亚陆间区,其南带大部分在中国境内。近年来,中国开始把其上古生界作为油气新区、新领域。多数人认为,其在晚古生代已形成过渡型地壳区,其中有许多地块已逐步拼合,在其上发育裂谷型沉积地质体,未受到区域变质,若干实体变形微弱并被上覆层掩盖而得到保存。源于上古生界的油气既可赋存在其内,也可运聚于中生界或基岩内,在其西段已发现了大中型油气田群。但其整体地质研究程度偏低,仍有许多重大区域地质、油气地质问题存在歧见。针对其近年来的进展、存在的问题和油气远景评价作了概括性的评论。  相似文献