The effects of the spinel—garnet phase transition on the formation of rifted sedimentary basins     

Tadashi Yamasaki  Masao Nakada 《Geophysical Journal International》1997,130(3):681-692

We have examined the effects of the spinel-garnet phase transition on subsidence of extensional sedimentary basins. For a constant positive Clapeyron slope ( dP/dT ), the phase boundary moves downwards in the syn-rift and upwards in the post-rift phase. For a non-linear Clapeyron curve ( dP/dT > 0 above 900°C and dP/dT < 0 below 900°C), theory predicts for the reaction of the spinel-garnet phase transition, the direction of phase boundary movement is dependent on the stretching factor, the position of the Clapeyron curve and the lithospheric thickness. A smaller syn-rift and larger post-rift subsidence are predicted for a deeper phase boundary and a thicker lithosphere. The model with a non-linear Clapeyron curve is applied to the subsidence histories of a young extensional basin (Gulf of Lion) and an old continental margin (eastern Canada). The observed syn-rift uplift and the larger post-rift subsidence can be reasonably explained by this model, where the optimum depth of the phase boundary for eastern Canada (˜90 km) is consistent with the estimate from seismic observations and is larger than that for the Gulf of Lion (˜ 50 km). The depth of the spinel-garnet phase boundary is sensitive to the composition of mantle rocks and increases with the extraction of basaltic components from the lithosphere, compatible with our result that the phase boundary is deeper for an older and thicker lithosphere. Thus the surface movement associated with the rifting for these areas may reflect the chemical evolution of the continental lithosphere.  相似文献   

Ccte d'Ivoire-Ghana margin: seismic imaging of passive rifted crust adjacent to a transform continental margin     

C. Peirce  R. B. Whitmarsh  R. A. Scrutton  B. Pontoise  F. Sage  J. Mascle 《Geophysical Journal International》1996,125(3):781-795

During May 1990 and January-February 1991, an extensive geophysical data set was collected over the Côte d'Ivoire-Ghana continental margin, located along the equatorial coast of West Africa. The Ghana margin is a transform continental margin running subparallel to the Romanche Fracture Zone and its associated marginal ridge—the Côte d'Ivoire-Ghana Ridge. From this data set, an explosive refraction line running ∼ 150 km, ENE-WSW between 3°55'N, 3°21'W and 4°23'N, 2°4'W, has been modelled together with wide-angle airgun profiles, and seismic reflection and gravity data. This study is centred on the Côte d'Ivoire Basin located just to the north of the Côte d'Ivoire-Ghana Ridge, where bathymetric data suggest that a component of normal rifting occurred, rather than the transform motion observed along the majority of the equatorial West African margin.
Traveltime and amplitude modelling of the ocean-bottom seismometer data shows that the continental Moho beneath the margin rises in an oceanward direction, from ∼ 24 km below sea level to ∼ 17 km. In the centre of the line where the crust thins most rapidly, there exists a region of anomalously high velocity at the base of the crust, reaching some 8 km in thickness. This higher-velocity region is thought to represent an area of localized underplating related to rifting. Modelling of marine gravity data, collected coincident with the seismic line, has been used to test the best-fitting seismic model. This modelling has shown that the observed free-air anomaly is dominated by the effects of crustal thickness, and that a region of higher density is required at the base of the crust to fit the observed data. This higher-density region is consistent in size and location with the high velocities required to fit the seismic data.  相似文献   

The S reflector west of Galicia: the seismic signature of a detachment fault     

T. J. Reston 《Geophysical Journal International》1996,127(1):230-244

The so-called S reflector is a group of bright, continuous reflections underlying the landward-tilted fault blocks of the west Galicia rifted margin, S has been interpreted as the brittle-ductile transition, the lop of an intrusion, a detachment fault, and the crust-mantle boundary. To constrain the internal structure of the reflector, we have carried out detailed analyses of these reflections. We compare the waveforms of the seafloor reflection and its first multiple, both to determine the amplitude of the seafloor reflection and to show (hat the seafloor is in effect a spike in the reflectivity series so that the seafloor reflection can be used as the far-field wavelet, including both source and receiver ghosts. We compare (he waveform of the seafloor and 5 and show that, within the resolution of our data, S is a reflection from a step increase in acoustic impedance. This result is confirmed through complex trace analysis, and in particular the determination of the apparent polarity of S, and the examination of the instantaneous frequency function: S is consistently positive polarity, and shows no significant frequency anomaly. Simple modelling shows that S is very unlikely to be a reflection from a thin layer. We thus conclude that S is probably a single steplike interface. From the varying frequency content of the data, we determine a value for the effective Q between S and the seafloor, and use this to assess the amplitude loss due to attenuation and scattering. We use a comparison between the seafloor and the S reflection to constrain the amplitude of S, and estimate a reflection coefficient for S of at least 0.2 in places, decreasing landwards. By analogy with structures developed in the highly extended regions of the western United States, we consider that the most likely interpretation of S is as a sharp west-dipping detachment fault separating a 'granitic' upper plate from a higher-velocity lower plate, locally probably serpentinized mantle.  相似文献   

扬子克拉通北缘中、新元古代洋壳俯冲及壳幔再循环作用的同位素地球化学证据   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

凌文黎  张本仁  张宏飞  骆庭川 《地球科学》1996,(3)

报道和总结了近期陕西汉中碑坝和西乡地区重要地质体系统同位素年代研究成果，在重新厘定的年代学基础上，就扬子克拉通北缘同位素特征及其地质意义进行剖析，依据该区岩浆作用的上地幔源区性质及演化规律，提出了中、新元古代扬子克拉通北缘存在与现代板块运动类似的洋壳俯冲和壳幔再循环作用的同位素地球化学证据  相似文献   

混合岩中斜长石的交代净边结构和倒转双晶研究——以大别罗田黄土岭长英片麻岩为例   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

游振东  钟增球  汤中道  陈能松 《地球科学》1996,(5)

湖北罗田黄土岭长英片麻岩是与紫苏石榴黑云片麻岩共生的浅色片麻岩，成分上近于Ａ型花岗岩．受到浅混合岩化，钾交代现象显著．在斜长石与钾长石新成体接触处有清楚的交代净边结构，背散射电子探针分析表明，净边成分为钠长石（Ａｂ８９～９７）．在净边结构上，发现叠加倒转双晶．净边结构产生于长英片麻岩部分熔融的高温条件下，与整个大别地体隆升过程和Ａ型花岗岩的生成有成因联系  相似文献   

华北板块南缘栾川群研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

石铨曾  陶自强 《华北地质矿产杂志》1996,11(1):51-59

栾川群出露于东秦岭北部。在栾川群分布区域，古华北板块不同时代的地层往南逆冲，构成北秦岭的太华推覆体。栾川群存在于该推覆体内部的特定逆冲岩席之中，沿这一逆冲岩席追索，确定古华北板块南缘的栾川群是连续沉积的，而受后期推覆构造的改造，栾川群在推覆体前缘的分布是断续相连的。根据地层之间的接触关系、岩浆活动、沉积作用的研究，对栾川群的划分提出了新的看法，认为栾川群由三川组、南泥湖组、煤窑沟组及大红口组构成。栾川群形成于震旦纪晚期，由湖坪及潮下斜坡等滨浅海沉积物构成。栾川群的岩浆岩为具双众数特征的岩套，具典型的大陆裂谷岩浆岩特征。并认为中元古代以来，古华北板块南缘处于裂陷拉张环境。早期的裂陷形成了熊耳群、汝阳群、官道口群及竞坪群，晚期裂陷的过程形成了栾川群、陶湾群，其进一步发育导致以二郎坪群为代表的洋壳生成。  相似文献   

中国板块构造与盐类矿产   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

关绍曾  江宗龙 《化工矿产地质》1996,18(2):73-81

中国大陆的华北、塔里木、准噶尔－兴安、华南及甘青藏等五大板块发展过程中于地块边缘活动带、陆间裂谷、陆内裂谷等场所生成的含盐盆地，沉积了各时期（Ｏ、Ｃ、Ｔ、Ｊ－Ｅ和Ｑ）盐类矿床。通过分析对比认为，甘青藏板块兰坪－思茅拗陷带（Ｊ２－Ｅ１、Ｑ），塔里木板块（Ｃ、Ｋ－Ｅ、Ｑ），华北板块（Ｏ２），华南板块（Ｔ１－２）为成钾有利地带，中国东部众多的Ｋ－Ｅ红层盆地中成钾条件较差  相似文献   

陆相火山岩铜矿床成矿条件研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

胡正纲 《四川地质学报》1996,(1)

研究陆相火山岩铜矿床的成矿条件，对于多发现新的铜矿资源有着重要的意义。本文就陆相火山岩型铜矿床的实际存在，大陆玄武岩型铜矿的成矿系列，大陆裂谷的成矿环境和热液成矿作用等方面进行讨论。  相似文献   

初论陆内造山带的造山模式──以四川龙门山为例   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

林茂炳 《四川地质学报》1996,(3)

四川龙门山造山带是陆内造山带的一个典型实例。陆内造山带经历了漫长的发展演化历史。前寒武纪时期的环境是属于古板块俯冲、碰撞的历史。具活动性大陆边缘性质，岩浆变质作用强烈，构造混杂明显。古生代以来转入地台环境，形成台相沉积。中生代早期转入陆内造山阶段。由早期的褶皱造山进而转化为推覆造山。两类不同性质的造山运动伴随了两类不同性质的前陆沉积盆地的形成和两类不同性质的沉积体系的形成。最终的区域构造特征不同程度地保留了陆内造山各阶段的地质记录，而以最后一次的推覆造山作用的影响最深刻。陆内造山的动力机制是与区域性的板块构造活动的大环境密切相关的。  相似文献   

分离的大陆板块边缘镁铁－超镁铁岩系Th／Hf—Ta／Hf判别   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张成江  程长莹  汪云亮 《物探化探计算技术》1996,(Z1)

本文在论述了Ｔｈ／Ｈｆ－Ｔａ／Ｈｆ关系判别岩浆岩源区大地构造环境机理的基础上，根据世界上典型大地构造环境区岩浆岩系的Ｔｈ、Ｔａ、Ｈｆ特征，提出了分离的大陆板块边缘镁铁－超镁铁岩的Ｔｈ／Ｈｆ—Ｔａ／Ｈｆ判别标志：Ｔｈ／Ｔａ＝１．８～４．０，Ｔａ／Ｈｆ＞０．１。  相似文献