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71.
During May 1990 and January-February 1991, an extensive geophysical data set was collected over the Côte d'Ivoire-Ghana continental margin, located along the equatorial coast of West Africa. The Ghana margin is a transform continental margin running subparallel to the Romanche Fracture Zone and its associated marginal ridge—the Côte d'Ivoire-Ghana Ridge. From this data set, an explosive refraction line running ∼ 150 km, ENE-WSW between 3°55'N, 3°21'W and 4°23'N, 2°4'W, has been modelled together with wide-angle airgun profiles, and seismic reflection and gravity data. This study is centred on the Côte d'Ivoire Basin located just to the north of the Côte d'Ivoire-Ghana Ridge, where bathymetric data suggest that a component of normal rifting occurred, rather than the transform motion observed along the majority of the equatorial West African margin.
Traveltime and amplitude modelling of the ocean-bottom seismometer data shows that the continental Moho beneath the margin rises in an oceanward direction, from ∼ 24 km below sea level to ∼ 17 km. In the centre of the line where the crust thins most rapidly, there exists a region of anomalously high velocity at the base of the crust, reaching some 8 km in thickness. This higher-velocity region is thought to represent an area of localized underplating related to rifting. Modelling of marine gravity data, collected coincident with the seismic line, has been used to test the best-fitting seismic model. This modelling has shown that the observed free-air anomaly is dominated by the effects of crustal thickness, and that a region of higher density is required at the base of the crust to fit the observed data. This higher-density region is consistent in size and location with the high velocities required to fit the seismic data.  相似文献   
72.
The so-called S reflector is a group of bright, continuous reflections underlying the landward-tilted fault blocks of the west Galicia rifted margin, S has been interpreted as the brittle-ductile transition, the lop of an intrusion, a detachment fault, and the crust-mantle boundary. To constrain the internal structure of the reflector, we have carried out detailed analyses of these reflections. We compare the waveforms of the seafloor reflection and its first multiple, both to determine the amplitude of the seafloor reflection and to show (hat the seafloor is in effect a spike in the reflectivity series so that the seafloor reflection can be used as the far-field wavelet, including both source and receiver ghosts. We compare (he waveform of the seafloor and 5 and show that, within the resolution of our data, S is a reflection from a step increase in acoustic impedance. This result is confirmed through complex trace analysis, and in particular the determination of the apparent polarity of S, and the examination of the instantaneous frequency function: S is consistently positive polarity, and shows no significant frequency anomaly. Simple modelling shows that S is very unlikely to be a reflection from a thin layer. We thus conclude that S is probably a single steplike interface. From the varying frequency content of the data, we determine a value for the effective Q between S and the seafloor, and use this to assess the amplitude loss due to attenuation and scattering. We use a comparison between the seafloor and the S reflection to constrain the amplitude of S, and estimate a reflection coefficient for S of at least 0.2 in places, decreasing landwards. By analogy with structures developed in the highly extended regions of the western United States, we consider that the most likely interpretation of S is as a sharp west-dipping detachment fault separating a 'granitic' upper plate from a higher-velocity lower plate, locally probably serpentinized mantle.  相似文献   
73.
华北板块南缘栾川群研究   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
栾川群出露于东秦岭北部。在栾川群分布区域,古华北板块不同时代的地层往南逆冲,构成北秦岭的太华推覆体。栾川群存在于该推覆体内部的特定逆冲岩席之中,沿这一逆冲岩席追索,确定古华北板块南缘的栾川群是连续沉积的,而受后期推覆构造的改造,栾川群在推覆体前缘的分布是断续相连的。根据地层之间的接触关系、岩浆活动、沉积作用的研究,对栾川群的划分提出了新的看法,认为栾川群由三川组、南泥湖组、煤窑沟组及大红口组构成。栾川群形成于震旦纪晚期,由湖坪及潮下斜坡等滨浅海沉积物构成。栾川群的岩浆岩为具双众数特征的岩套,具典型的大陆裂谷岩浆岩特征。并认为中元古代以来,古华北板块南缘处于裂陷拉张环境。早期的裂陷形成了熊耳群、汝阳群、官道口群及竞坪群,晚期裂陷的过程形成了栾川群、陶湾群,其进一步发育导致以二郎坪群为代表的洋壳生成。  相似文献   
74.
中国板块构造与盐类矿产   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
中国大陆的华北、塔里木、准噶尔-兴安、华南及甘青藏等五大板块发展过程中于地块边缘活动带、陆间裂谷、陆内裂谷等场所生成的含盐盆地,沉积了各时期(O、C、T、J-E和Q)盐类矿床。通过分析对比认为,甘青藏板块兰坪-思茅拗陷带(J2-E1、Q),塔里木板块(C、K-E、Q),华北板块(O2),华南板块(T1-2)为成钾有利地带,中国东部众多的K-E红层盆地中成钾条件较差  相似文献   
75.
陆相火山岩铜矿床成矿条件研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
研究陆相火山岩铜矿床的成矿条件,对于多发现新的铜矿资源有着重要的意义。本文就陆相火山岩型铜矿床的实际存在,大陆玄武岩型铜矿的成矿系列,大陆裂谷的成矿环境和热液成矿作用等方面进行讨论。  相似文献   
76.
初论陆内造山带的造山模式──以四川龙门山为例   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3  
四川龙门山造山带是陆内造山带的一个典型实例。陆内造山带经历了漫长的发展演化历史。前寒武纪时期的环境是属于古板块俯冲、碰撞的历史。具活动性大陆边缘性质,岩浆变质作用强烈,构造混杂明显。古生代以来转入地台环境,形成台相沉积。中生代早期转入陆内造山阶段。由早期的褶皱造山进而转化为推覆造山。两类不同性质的造山运动伴随了两类不同性质的前陆沉积盆地的形成和两类不同性质的沉积体系的形成。最终的区域构造特征不同程度地保留了陆内造山各阶段的地质记录,而以最后一次的推覆造山作用的影响最深刻。陆内造山的动力机制是与区域性的板块构造活动的大环境密切相关的。  相似文献   
77.
分离的大陆板块边缘镁铁-超镁铁岩系Th/Hf—Ta/Hf判别   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文在论述了Th/Hf-Ta/Hf关系判别岩浆岩源区大地构造环境机理的基础上,根据世界上典型大地构造环境区岩浆岩系的Th、Ta、Hf特征,提出了分离的大陆板块边缘镁铁-超镁铁岩的Th/Hf—Ta/Hf判别标志:Th/Ta=1.8~4.0,Ta/Hf>0.1。  相似文献   
78.
在中国阿尔泰山南缘造山带的地质研究工作中发现,在这里存在一套有成生联系的花岗深成岩和火山岩系,它们不是板块汇聚阶段的产物,而是地壳拉张作用阶段的产物,它们形成于被动大陆边缘演化阶段。我们把这种大陆边缘称之为岩浆型波动陆缘,以便与无岩浆活动的大西洋型大陆边缘相区别。  相似文献   
79.
华北克拉通北缘晋冀内蒙交界地区有变质程度连续变化、从高压基性麻粒岩、麻粒岩到角闪岩相的变质岩系出露。它们的古变质压力由>1.4GPa(50km)变化到0.5GPa(15km);岩石类型从变辉长岩、中酸性正片麻岩到表壳岩变化;变质矿物组合由不含水的耐火组合变为富含云母和角闪石的组合;地球化学性质表现出从贫Si和Al、轻度亏损生热元素到具有正常的化学成分的连续变化;包裹体流体性质在轻度亏损生热元素的麻粒岩中均为CO2流体,而在麻粒岩相的表壳岩和角闪岩系中H2O流体逐渐增加。上述变质岩系剖面的组成和特点符合大陆下地壳的定义,可能代表了包括最下部地壳在内的华北地块太古宙克拉通型大陆下地壳。据此本文建立了我国第一条克拉通型大陆下地壳剖面,并讨论其地质意义以及相关的问题  相似文献   
80.
The 1500-m-thick marine strata of the Tethys Himalaya of the Zhepure Mountain (Tingri, Tibet) comprise the Upper Albian to Eocene and represent the sedimentary development of the passive northern continental margin of the Indian plate. Investigations of foraminifera have led to a detailed biozonation which is compared with the west Tethyan record. Five stratigraphic units can be distinguished: The Gamba group (Upper Albian - Lower Santonian) represents the development from a basin and slope to an outer-shelf environment. In the following Zhepure Shanbei formation (Lower Santonian - Middle Maastrichtian), outer-shelf deposits continue. Pebbles in the top layers point to beginning redeposition on a continental slope. Intensified redeposition continues within the Zhepure Shanpo formation (Middle Maastrichtian - Lower Paleocene). The series is capped by sandstones of the Jidula formation (Danian) deposited from a seaward prograding delta plain. The overall succession of these units represents a sea-level high at the Cenomanian/Turonian boundary followed, from the Turonian to Danian, by an overall shallowing-upward megasequence. This is followed by a final transgression — regression cycle during the Paleocene and Eocene, documented in the Zhepure Shan formation (?Upper Danian - Lutetian) and by Upper Eocene continental deposits. The section represents the narrowing and closure of the Tethys as a result of the convergence between northward-drifting India and Eurasia. The plate collision started in the Lower Maastrichtian and caused rapid changes in sedimentation patterns affected by tectonic subsidence and uplift. Stronger subsidence and deposition took place from the Middle Maastrichtian to the Lower Paleocene. The final closure of remnant Tethys in the Tingri area took place in the Lutetian.  相似文献   
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