甘肃武威盆地页岩气“武页1井”成膜低固相冲洗液的应用          下载免费PDF全文

单文军  段晓青  任福建  张伟华  岳伟民  李艳宁 《探矿工程》2016,43(7):111-115

“武页1井”是甘肃省地质调查院实施的一口页岩气基础地质条件调查井,主要目的是为了查明页岩层段的分布。地层岩性主要为泥岩、砂岩、页岩、碳质板岩、灰岩。浅层倾角大、胶结性差、破碎、井壁强度低。现场采用成膜低固相冲洗液体系,解决了地层破碎、坍塌掉块和水敏性钻探施工难题,体系具有护壁性、抑制性和胶结性。使用中取得了较好的效果,保证了该项目的顺利施工。  相似文献   

高位定向钻孔在综放工作面上隅角瓦斯抽采中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

段会军  郝世俊  武建军 《探矿工程》2016,43(10):215-218

针对王家岭煤矿综放工作面瓦斯涌出量大、上隅角瓦斯超限的问题,使用定向钻机及机具,利用定向钻进技术进行高位定向钻孔瓦斯抽放。在分析工作面回采过程中瓦斯运移规律的基础上,通过大量现场实践,得出适用于该矿区的高位定向钻孔轨迹布设参数,有效地解决了上隅角瓦斯超限问题,实现高瓦斯矿井工作面安全高效开采。  相似文献   

Limited differences among habitats in deep‐sea macro‐infaunal communities off New Zealand: implications for their vulnerability to anthropogenic disturbance          下载免费PDF全文

Daniel Leduc  Ashley A. Rowden  Malcolm R. Clark  David A. Bowden  Andrew R. Thurber 《Marine Ecology》2016,37(4):845-866

The spread of human activities into the deep sea may pose a high risk to benthic communities and affect ecosystem integrity. The deep sea is characterized by physical and biological heterogeneity and different habitat types are likely to differ in their vulnerability to anthropogenic impacts. However, across‐habitat comparisons are rare, and no comprehensive ecological risk assessment has yet been developed. To address this gap in our knowledge, we compared macro‐infaunal community structure in four habitats (slope, canyons, seamounts and methane seeps) at depths between 700 and 1500 m in the Hikurangi Margin and Bay of Plenty regions off New Zealand. The most striking contrast in community structure was between the two study regions, due to an order of magnitude difference in macro‐infaunal abundance that we believe was caused by differences in surface productivity and food availability at the sea bed. We found differences in structural and functional attributes of macro‐infaunal communities among some habitats in the Hikurangi Margin (slope, canyon and seep), but not in the Bay of Plenty. We posit that differences between canyon and slope communities on the Hikurangi Margin are due to enhanced food availability inside canyons compared with adjacent slope habitats. Seep communities were characterized by elevated abundance of both symbiont‐bearing and heterotrophic taxa, and were the most distinct, and variable, among the habitats that we considered on the Hikurangi Margin. Communities of seamounts were not distinct from slope or canyon communities on the Hikurangi Margin, probably reflecting similar environmental conditions in these habitats. The communities of deep‐sea canyon and seep habitats on the Hikurangi Margin were sufficiently dissimilar from each other and from slope habitats to warrant separate management consideration. By contrast, the low dissimilarity between communities of canyon and slope habitats in the Bay of Plenty suggests that habitat‐based management is not required in this region, for macro‐infauna at least. Although the two study regions share similar species pools, populations of the Hikurangi Margin region may be less vulnerable than the sparser populations of the Bay of Plenty due to the higher availability of potential colonizers and faster population growth. Thus regions, and habitats in some regions, should be subject to separate ecological risk assessment to help identify the key risks and consequences of human activities, and to inform options for reducing or mitigating impacts.  相似文献   

Diversity patterns of free‐living marine nematodes in the southwest continental shelf off Bay of Bengal and their link to abiotic variables          下载免费PDF全文

Kapuli Gani Mohamed Thameemul Ansari  Somasundharanair Lyla  Syed Ajmal Khan  Punyasloke Bhadury 《Marine Ecology》2016,37(3):631-644

Marine sediments in continental shelf ecosystems harbor a rich biodiversity of benthic communities. In this study, the spatial and temporal diversity and community assemblages of free‐living marine nematodes were studied by sampling at six depths and over 3 years from the southwest continental shelf off Bay of Bengal, one of the least explored tropical shelf ecosystems. The dominant marine nematode species were related with abiotic variables as part of this study. The effects of sediment granulometry generally decreased with increasing depth and the highest nematode density and species diversity were recorded on coarse sand (shallower depths). Multivariate analysis of the nematode community data showed that community structure differed significantly among depths as well as among years. Statistical analyses showed significant correlations between the nematode community and abiotic variables. Sediment texture, organic matter, water pressure and depth profile were crucial factors for determining diversity, vertical profile and feeding types of the nematode community. Other environmental factors, including anthropogenic pressure, did not have an effect on nematode diversity except for the presence of some tolerant species (Metachromadora spp., Sabatieria spp. and Siplophorella sp.). This study represents a baseline of knowledge of free‐living marine nematode communities that can be used in the future to compare nematode assemblages from temperate shelf ecosystems.  相似文献   

Marine science and technology transfer: Can the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission advance governance of biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction?     

《Marine Policy》2016

Marine scientific research is crucial to forge solutions in the development of a new international legally binding instrument for the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ) under the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea . The transfer of marine technology, capacity development and marine genetic resources are key issues. This paper examines how the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC), as a competent international organisation for marine scientific research and technology transfer, can inform the development of the instrument. Synergies between marine technology transfer and non-monetary benefit sharing of genetic resources are illustrated. Four key lessons from the IOC are examined: 1. Coordinating international cooperation in marine scientific research; 2. Enabling open access to data and knowledge; 3. Facilitating capacity development through scientific training and education; and 4. Governance of marine scientific research. Realising the potential of the IOC to advance governance solutions for ABNJ will depend on increased political will from Member States and strengthened partnerships to reduce resource constraints and enhance the IOC's capacity at global and regional scales.  相似文献   

深部盐矿勘探钻井液研究与应用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

黄河  乌效鸣  景龙  常林祯  刘超  李伟 《盐湖研究》2016,24(4):16-22

ZK001井钻遇地层为大段泥岩,部分地层为页岩、含盐泥岩、盐膏层。在泥页岩地层进行大口径全面钻进,钻速较快,固控设备能力有限,引起钻屑中粘土颗粒重复性膨胀、软化及裂解分散,最终可能造成粘土侵,对井内安全造成威胁。深部岩膏层易溶于水,从而导致盐层蠕变、井径扩大、井壁失稳等问题。以ZK001井为例,通过优化钻井液体系及现场施工工艺,解决了地层强造浆、盐层失稳等问题。通过岩石力学测试、阳离子交换容量测试、钻井液体系优选及性能测试,确定了上部地层采用聚合物钻井液体系,下部含盐层取芯钻进转换为饱和盐水钻井液体系。通过选用合适的钻井液密度、粘度、切力量、滤失量、含盐量等指标,可以有效控制上部泥岩井壁稳定、含盐层蠕变、井径扩大的问题。钻进过程中钻井液性能稳定且易于维护,从而保证了钻进工作安全、高效、顺利的进行。  相似文献   

沂蒙缺水山区地下水赋存规律及找水定井范例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

贾德旺  赵庆令 《山东国土资源》2016,32(5)

沂蒙山区是山东省重点贫困缺水地区,缺水区域分布较广,区内地质条件复杂,找水难度极大。通过综合分析区内气象水文、岩性特征、地质构造及地形地貌等地质因素,初步查明了不同地段含水层的结构和富水性;并结合水文地质调查、物探、钻探等综合勘探方法和手段,实施了探采结合孔8口,成功率100%,满足了区内约3万余人的饮用及300余亩土地灌溉用水需求,取得了良好的经济和社会效益。为我国北方严重缺水山区找寻地下水起到了宝贵的指导和示范作用。  相似文献   

频谱分解技术在泥页岩储层含气性预测中的应用——以柴达木盆地鱼卡凹陷为例     

徐秋枫  陈建文  姚泉  周志  王胜建 《地质通报》2016,35(203):348-355

针对柴达木盆地北缘鱼卡凹陷中侏罗统大煤沟组泥页岩,利用地震频谱曲线在不同流体介质储层中的形态、斜率、主频与中心频率的差值等属性参数特征,识别陆相泥页岩层系的地震频谱属性特征,预测含气性。研究结果表明,中侏罗统大煤沟组上部能量系数较低,平均为0.6719,下部能量系数较高,平均为0.7521,结合现场含气量和全烃特征认为,可以以能量系数0.7为界线,作为识别下部和上部含气性的标志,下部明显比上部含气性好。平面上进一步圈定了2个有利目标区,得到柴页1井勘探验证。因此,频谱分解技术可应用于中国陆相页岩气的勘查开发。  相似文献   

柴北缘布赫特山一带达肯大坂岩群变质岩变形特征、地球化学特征及地质意义     

王洪强  邵铁全  唐汉华  姜开拓 《地质通报》2016,35(9):1488-1496

古元古代达肯大坂岩群为柴北缘构造带的变质结晶基底,是柴北缘造山带的重要组成部分。前人在德令哈以西的鱼卡河—锡铁山—沙柳河一带和大柴旦等地对达肯大坂岩群做了较深入的研究,但对于柴北缘东段的研究还相对薄弱,缺乏东西段的对比研究。通过对布赫特山一带达肯大坂岩群中片麻岩和斜长角闪片岩的岩石学、岩石地球化学、年代学研究和区域对比,认为研究区的岩性、矿物组合、变质程度与德令哈以西鱼卡河—锡铁山—沙柳河一带达肯大坂岩群具有较高的相似性。布赫特山一带达肯大坂岩群主要为一套碎屑岩夹火山岩的岩石组合,变形强烈,其形成环境为岛弧与活动性陆缘的过渡环境,且岩浆来源为壳幔混染。由采集的2件Sm-Nd同位素样品得到了2组等时线年龄分别为2085±14Ma和2027±19Ma。由此可知达肯大坂岩群为古元古代柴北缘地区的变质结晶基底,是柴北缘古元古代造山带的重要组成部分。  相似文献   

Distribution and feeding modes of macrobenthos within three oceanographic feature areas of the KwaZulu-Natal Bight,South Africa     

CB Untiedt 《African Journal of Marine Science》2016,38(1):S91-S104

The composition and distribution of macrobenthic communities was investigated in three areas in the KwaZulu- Natal Bight, a section of shelf off the east coast of South Africa. Areas were pre-selected on the basis of three known oceanographic features, posited to deliver land- or Agulhas Current-derived nutrients onto the shelf and to drive ecosystem functioning in this region. Replicate sediment samples were collected with a 0.2 m² van Veen grab, during two surveys (A, B) corresponding with normal periods of high and low rainfall, respectively. A subset of the full station array was selected across the shelf in an arrangement of increasing depths (inner-, mid- and outer shelf) through each feature area to investigate the spatial distribution and feeding modes of macrobenthic taxa. The two periods showed some differences in abundance and numbers of macrobenthic taxa, but were not statistically different. Total macrobenthic abundance from Survey A was 20 215 individuals from 642 taxa, decreasing to 18 000 individuals from 503 taxa during Survey B. Polychaeta and Crustacea were the dominant taxa sampled; abundance of the latter was attributed largely to a proliferation of Paguristes sp.1 at inner-shelf samples in the midbight (Thukela) region during Survey B. Similarity classification distinguished seven sample groups reflecting differences in feature areas and shelf positions under investigation. The Thukela River midshelf community supported the highest macrobenthic abundance, while the midshelf off the southern bight (Durban region) was most species rich. Findings were attributed to the habitat complexity of the midshelf which includes a palaeo-dune cordon at the 60 m isobath. Functionally, the community was dominated by interface- and deposit-feeding fauna, emphasising the importance of trophic plasticity in an environmentally variable and heterogeneous shelf environment.  相似文献