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91.
Summary Discontinuities or joints in the rock mass have various shapes and sizes. Along with the joint orientation and spacing, the
joint persistence, or the relative size of the joint, is one of the most important factors in determining the block sizes
of jointed rock masses. Although the importance of joint persistence on the overall rock mass strength has long been identified,
the impact of persistence on rock strength is in most current rock mass classification systems underrepresented. If joints
are assumed to be persistent, as is the case in most designs, the sizes of the rock blocks tend to be underestimated. This
can lead to more removable blocks than actually exist in-situ. In addition, a poor understanding of the rock bridge strength
may lead to lower rock mass strengths, and consequently, to excessive expenditure on rock support.
In this study, we suggest and verify a method for the determination of the block sizes considering joint persistence. The
idea emerges from a quantitative approach to apply the GSI system for rock mass classification, in which the accurate block
size is required. There is a need to statistically analyze how the distribution of rock bridges according to the combination
of joint orientation, spacing, and persistence will affect the actual size of each individual block. For this purpose, we
generate various combinations of joints with different geometric conditions by the orthogonal arrays using the distinct element
analysis tools of UDEC and 3DEC. Equivalent block sizes (areas in 2D and volumes in 3D) and their distributions are obtained
from the numerical simulation. Correlation analysis is then performed to relate the block sizes predicted by the empirical
equation to those obtained from the numerical model simulation. The results support the concept of equivalent block size proposed
by Cai et al. (2004, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 41(1), 3–19). 相似文献
92.
93.
通过采样过程和模数转换对记录影响的分析,讨论了数字地震仪记录的动态范围,以及如何使用谱分析方法去除仪器对最终记录的影响,以便获取“真实地面运动”的近似。 相似文献
94.
研究区侏罗系后城组地层发育着多组节理,根据其方位及相互关系,自早到晚分为5个节理组,其定向分别为174°、77°、58°、145°和119°,反映出节理形成的最大主压应力方向交替变化和偏转。岩石应变强度具有由弱至强,再由强至弱的演化趋势,而节理型式趋向不规则。区内节理多属构造成因,推测形成于侏罗纪末至白垩纪初近南北向的区域挤压过程。热液活动在区内节理形成之后,而后119°方位节理组发生右行走滑。 相似文献
95.
GPS技术在金川露天矿边坡变形监测中的应用 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
本文结合金川露天矿边坡变形GPS监测研究,主要论述监测基点的选择,基点WGS-84坐标的确定,变形监测网的布设,GPS数据采集、处理和质量,坐标转换的实施等,给出反演推出的若干四等三角点及其它控制点的变形数据,这些数据和造成变形的物理成因符合得很好,最后概括出GPS技术应用于变形观测的若干优点。 相似文献
96.
Veli-Matti Kerminen Risto E. Hillamo Anthony S. Wexler 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1998,30(3):345-370
A box model was constructed to investigate connections between the particulate MSA to non-sea-salt sulfate ratio, R, and DMS chemistry in a clean marine boundary layer. The simulations demonstrated that R varies widely with particle size, which must be taken into account when interpreting field measurements or comparing them with each other. In addition to DMS gas-phase chemistry, R in the submicron size range was shown to be sensitive to the factors dictating sulfate production via cloud processing, to the removal of SO2 from the boundary layer by dry deposition and sea-salt oxidation, to the entrainment of SO2 from the free troposphere, to the relative concentration of sub- and supermicron particles, and to meteorology. Three potential explanations for the increase of R toward high-latitudes during the summer were found: larger MSA yields from DMS oxidation at high latitudes, larger DMSO yields from DMS oxidation followed by the conversion of DMSO to MSA at high latitudes, or lower ambient H2O2 concentrations at high latitudes leading to less efficient sulfate production in clouds. Possible reasons for the large seasonal amplitude of R at mid and high latitudes include seasonal changes in the partitioning of DMS oxidation to the OH and NO3 initiated pathways, seasonal changes in the concentration of species participating the DMS-OH reaction pathway, or the existence of a SO2 source other than DMS oxidation in the marine boundary layer. Even small anthropogenic perturbations were shown to have a potential to alter the MSA to non-sea-salt sulfate ratio. 相似文献
97.
98.
Experimental studies were conducted on a trapezoidal pendulum wave energy converter in regular waves. To obtain the incident wave height, the analytical method (AM) was used to separate the incident and reflected waves propagating in a wave flume by analysing wave records measured at two locations. The response amplitude operator (RAO), primary conversion efficiency and the total conversion efficiency of the wave energy converter were studied; furthermore, the power take-off damping coefficients corresponding to the load resistances in the experiment were also obtained. The findings demonstrate that the natural period for a pendulum wave energy converter is relatively large. A lower load resistance gives rise to a larger damping coefficient. The model shows relatively higher wave energy conversion efficiency in the range of 1.0?1.2 s for the incident wave period. The maximum primary conversion efficiency achieved was 55.5%, and the maximum overall conversion efficiency was 39.4%. 相似文献
99.
黑龙江省耕地非农化的空间格局与重心曲线分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了揭示耕地非农化的空间格局与重心曲线,为耕地资源保护和利用政策制定提供决策支撑,该文以黑龙江省1980、1990、2000、2010、2015年土地利用数据为基础,运用GIS空间分析方法,引入重心模型分析黑龙江省耕地非农化的空间格局及重心曲线。研究结果表明:1980—2015年黑龙江省耕地非农化发展不平衡,4个时期耕地非农化面积呈波动增长的趋势;耕地非农化等级空间分布特征明显,等级较高的城市集中分布在西部地区;耕地非农化速度等级的重心曲线在空间分布上,具有从中心向边缘延伸的特点;耕地非农化围绕中心地区进行,其空间扩散路径在图形上呈现出一个回旋状。 相似文献
100.
以长沙市为例,结合人防工程特点及人防管理需要,以全面提升对人防工程平时的管理能力和战时的效能发挥为目标,设计了基于GIS的人防工程管理信息系统,建立了系统总体架构,实现了系统功能。实践表明,该系统实现了人防工程在规划布局、建设管理、平战转换、维护使用等方面的支撑保障作用。 相似文献