南沙渚碧礁生态系营养关系的稳定碳同位素研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

郭卫东  杨逸萍  吴林兴  王汉奎  胡明辉 《台湾海峡》2002,21(1):94-101

利用稳定碳同位素分析技术研究了南沙渚碧礁生态系食物网主要生物类群之间的营养关系。结果表明，生物的稳定碳同位素组成与其营养来源有密切关系。浮游植物的δ^13C为-18.3‰，与其所处海域的环境条件一致，浮游动物的δ^13C值变化较大，范围为-20.4‰～-10.9‰,表明可能存在浮游植物和碎屑两种营养来源。珊瑚和砗磲的碳同位素组成（-17‰～-15‰）与浮游动物相差较大，暗示共生虫黄藻可能在这些珊瑚的营养来源中起重要作用。底栖海参（-9.6‰)和蜘蛛螺（-12.5‰)的碳同位不比组成与它们沉积物食性的营养特征吻合。鱼类的δ^13C值变化范围较大（-17.7‰～-10.9‰），未表现出随营养级升高而增大的趋势，说明影响鱼类碳同位素组成的因素比较复杂。  相似文献   

Mid–late Holocene monsoon climate retrieved from seasonal Sr/Ca and δO records of Porites lutea corals at Leizhou Peninsula, northern coast of South China Sea     

Ke-Fu Yu  Jian-Xin Zhao  Gang-Jian Wei  Xin-Rong Cheng  Pin-Xian Wang   《Global and Planetary Change》2005,47(2-4):301

South China Sea (SCS) is a major moisture source region, providing summer monsoon rainfall throughout Mainland China, which accounts for more than 80% total precipitation in the region. We report seasonal to monthly resolution Sr/Ca and δ¹⁸O data for five Holocene and one modern Porites corals, each covering a growth history of 9–13 years. The results reveal a general decreasing trend in sea surface temperature (SST) in the SCS from 6800 to 1500 years ago, despite shorter climatic cycles. Compared with the mean Sr/Ca–SST in the 1990s (24.8 °C), 10-year mean Sr/Ca–SSTs were 0.9–0.5 °C higher between 6.8 and 5.0 thousand years before present (ky BP), dropped to the present level by 2.5 ky BP, and reached a low of 22.6 °C (2.2 °C lower) by 1.5 ky BP. The summer Sr/Ca–SST maxima, which are more reliable due to faster summer-time growth rates and higher sampling resolution, follow the same trend, i.e. being 1–2 °C higher between 6.8 and 5.0 ky BP, dropping to the present level by 2.5 ky BP, and reaching a low of 28.7 °C (0.7 °C lower) by 1.5 ky BP. Such a decline in SST is accompanied by a similar decrease in the amount of monsoon moisture transported out of South China Sea, resulting in a general decrease in the seawater δ¹⁸O values, reflected by offsets of mean δ¹⁸O relative to that in the 1990s. This observation is consistent with general weakening of the East Asian summer monsoon since early Holocene, in response to a continuous decline in solar radiation, which was also found in pollen, lake-level and loess/paleosol records throughout Mainland China. The climatic conditions 2.5 and 1.5 ky ago were also recorded in Chinese history. In contrast with the general cooling trend of the monsoon climate in East Asia, SST increased dramatically in recent time, with that in the 1990s being 2.2 °C warmer than that 1.5 ky ago. This clearly indicates that the increase in the concentration of anthropogenic greenhouse gases played a dominant role in recent global warming, which reversed the natural climatic trend in East Asian monsoon regime.  相似文献   

东沙海区海丘发现多底栖方式深水珊瑚     

阎贫  王彦林  靳永斌  赵美霞  钟广见 《地学前缘》2022,29(4):202-210

东沙岛周围海区发育众多深水(200~2 000 m)海丘,其中一些显示了明显的泥火山活动特征。近年的取样调查在多个底质差异明显的海丘都发现了非常丰富的深水珊瑚。为什么这些海丘上深水珊瑚兴盛尚不清楚。根据样品形态分析,初步识别的珊瑚既有以基座紧密固着于碳酸盐岩结核硬底的Madrepora oculate(多眼筛孔珊瑚)、Lochmaeotrochus(灌丛珊瑚)、Enallopsammia(突出海沙珊瑚)、Solenosmilia variabilis、Dendrophyllia(树珊瑚)、 Bamboo Coral (竹节珊瑚)、Golden Gorgonians (金柳珊瑚),还新发现有以鸭蹼状凹凸不平形底壳贴附于海底砂泥级生物碎屑的Desmophyllum dianthus(葵珊瑚)和尖底浅植于碎屑沉积中的Flabellum(扇珊瑚)、Crispatotrochus(卷轮珊瑚)、Balanophyllia(栎珊瑚),还有饼形、杯形能在软质海底缓慢自由移动的Fungiacyathus(蕈杯珊瑚)、Deltocyathusi(角杯珊瑚),指示在底质硬度及海流强度迥异的东沙海丘环境中有多种属珊瑚生长。大量具有机动性的深水珊瑚栖居于弱水动力海底,应更多依赖于栖居地本地而非海流带来的丰富食物,意味着东沙海区的泥火山活动泄漏的烃类流体可能是深水珊瑚食物的主要来源。泥火山的流体活动与珊瑚的兴盛可能具有相互指示意义。  相似文献   

土工格栅加筋珊瑚砂的强度及变形特性试验研究     

骆赵刚  丁选明  欧强  蒋春勇  方华强 《岩土力学》2023,(4):1053-1064

珊瑚岛礁钙质砂作为海洋工程建设的主要原材料,具有碳酸钙含量高、多孔隙、颗粒易破碎等特征。为了进一步提高海洋工程建设中岩土构筑物的强度及稳定性,采用土工格栅加筋珊瑚砂是一种潜在的有效手段。通过一系列的室内三轴压缩试验,探究土工格栅加筋层数、初始含水率、围压等因素对加筋珊瑚砂强度及变形特性的影响。研究发现：格栅加筋能够明显地改善珊瑚砂的力学性能,随着格栅层数的增加,加筋珊瑚砂整体的强度逐渐上升,偏应力-应变关系总体呈现硬化趋势,侧向的鼓胀变形得到明显改善;似黏聚力随着格栅层数增加近似呈线性递增,内摩擦角轻微降低;随着初始含水率的增加,格栅加筋珊瑚砂的强度呈轻微衰减趋势,似黏聚力变化不大,但内摩擦角相比干砂最大下降了约4°;三轴应力状态下的格栅加筋珊瑚砂颗粒破碎受围压影响较大,低于400k Pa围压下的相对破碎率主要在3%以内。此外,基于格栅与珊瑚砂相互作用特征,考虑并计算得到格栅产生的侧向与轴向附加应力,研究结果进一步丰富了对格栅加筋珊瑚砂机制的认识。  相似文献   

班公湖—怒江缝合带西段物玛地区原“晚古生代”混杂岩块中发现中生代化石     

张少文  纪占胜  武桂春  李涌溪 《地质论评》2021,67(3):67040012-67040012

在班公湖—怒江缝合带西段铁杂—日雍构造混杂岩带物玛地区,原划为上石炭统拉嘎组地层中新发现了中生代孢粉化石14种及未定种,这些化石的发现为将该地层修订为下白垩统多尼组提供了古生物学依据。上石炭统拉嘎组被修订后,研究区班公湖—怒江缝合带不再存在拉嘎组混杂在中生代地层中的现象。同时本次研究在铁杂—日雍构造混杂岩带以南的冈底斯—腾冲地层区物玛分区原划为上石炭统拉嘎组中,发现中生代孢粉化石10种及未定种,并在其灰岩夹层中发现晚侏罗世珊瑚化石6种及未定种,同时在原划分为中二叠统下拉组中也发现晚侏罗世珊瑚化石。根据化石时代和区域地层对比,拉嘎组和下拉组分别被修定为上侏罗统萨波直不勒组和吐卡日组。至此,物玛分区的上侏罗统以萨波直不勒组和吐卡日组为代表,与其北侧的班公湖—怒江地层区上侏罗统可进行对比。本文以班公湖—怒江缝合带西段铁杂—日雍构造混杂岩带为例,证实在混杂岩带开展古生物学研究非常必要。  相似文献   

Testing coral paleothermometers (B/Ca,Mg/Ca,Sr/Ca,U/Ca andδ18O) under impacts of large riverine runoff     

CHEN Tianran  YU Kefu  ZHAO Jianxin  YAN Hongqiang  SONG Yinxian  FENG Yuexing  CHEN Tegu 《海洋学报(英文版)》2015,(8)

Sea surface temperature (SST) proxies including B/Ca, Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, U/Ca andδ18O were analyzed in the skeleton of aPorites coral collected from the Zhujiang River (Pearl River) Estuary (ZRE). These geo...  相似文献   

Evidence of a phase shift to Epizoanthus gabrieli Carlgreen, 1951 (Order Zoanthidea) and loss of coral cover on reefs in the Southwest Atlantic          下载免费PDF全文

Igor C. S. Cruz  Ruy K. P. de Kikuchi  Leila L. Longo  Joel C. Creed 《Marine Ecology》2015,36(3):318-325

There is at present a ‘coral reef crisis’; one of the more drastic consequences of this is a phase shift, in which reef‐building corals are replaced by non‐reef building benthos such as macroalgae and soft corals. Previous studies have principally focused on the shift to macroalgae. Our goal was to investigate whether the dominance of the zoanthid Epizoanthus gabrieli on some reefs of Todos os Santos Bay, Brazil, represented a non‐algal phase shift. In 2003, we identified a high cover of this species on two reefs (52% and 70%), but only in 2007 was it possible to confirm a reduction in coral cover. This dominance has persisted for over 9 years, characterizing a true phase shift. This loss of coral cover may be a result of anthropogenic disturbances within the bay; however, given the large number of human impacts, further studies are needed to identify specific causes of this shift. Although there are some reports of phase shift involving species pertaining to the Class Anthozoa, this is the first report of this phenomenon involving the order Zoanthidea.  相似文献   

Spatio-temporal patterns of coral recruitment at Vamizi Island,Quirimbas Archipelago,Mozambique     

E Sola  I Marques da Silva  D Glassom 《African Journal of Marine Science》2015,37(4):557-565

Spatial and temporal patterns of recruitment of reef corals were assessed for the first time in Mozambique by deploying settlement plates at various spatio-temporal scales between October 2012 and October 2013. The abundance of juvenile corals (5?50?mm in diameter) was assessed along transects. Settlement of acroporids was highly seasonal, with 97% of spat settling between July and October 2013. Pocilloporids settled throughout the year, peaking slightly between October 2012 and January 2013. The annual mean larval settlement of up to 1 135 spat m^?2 was comparable to that on other East African reefs, but was dominated by acroporids, which constituted over 80% of all spat, whereas pocilloporids settle in higher densities in Kenya and South Africa. The peak settlement season also differed from other African locations. A greater proportion of variance in settlement rates occurred at the spatial scale of kilometres (between sites) and centimetres (between settlement plates) than at the scale of metres (between subsites), implying that most patchiness occurs at those scales. The peak in acroporid settlement coincided with the period of multispecific spawning, with settlement occurring as early as nine days after a spawning event. As no similar spawning events have been reported for other reefs in the area, our results suggest that these spawning events strongly influence overall annual settlement rates and promote high levels of self-seeding at Vamizi. There was no relationship between settlement of larvae to settlement plates and juvenile density on adjacent reefs, suggesting either variable levels of early post-settlement mortality or high interannual variability in settlement.  相似文献   

Changes in octocoral communities and benthic cover along a water quality gradient in the reefs of Hong Kong   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Fabricius KE  McCorry D 《Marine pollution bulletin》2006,52(1):22-33

Cover of the main reef benthic groups, and abundances and taxonomic richness of octocorals were surveyed in the reefs of Hong Kong, and related to spatial and water quality gradients. Nutrient and particle concentrations are high throughout the area, with concentrations declining from the south towards the north-eastern region. Regression tree analyses showed that hard coral cover was most strongly related to water clarity, that macroalgal cover was highest in areas with high wave action and high water clarity, and that crustose coralline algae were negatively related to sedimentation. Octocoral communities (42 species in 23 genera) were dominated by zooxanthellae-free taxa; those few species with zooxanthellae were restricted to reefs with low wave action and high water clarity in the north-eastern region. The water quality gradient spans from conditions that are marginal for zooxanthellate octocorals while still supporting diverse scleractinian communities, towards an estuarine endpoint where zooxanthellate octocorals cease to exist and hard coral communities are reduced to a few resilient colonies. The data suggest that the types, abundances and richness of zooxanthellate octocorals, and the shift from zooxanthellate to azooxanthellate octocoral communities, may act as useful indicators of water clarity in regions where long-term water quality data are unavailable.  相似文献   

Timing and duration of growth hiatuses in mid Holocene massive Porites corals from the northern South China Sea     

Ke‐Fu Yu  Jian‐Xin Zhao  Michael G. Lawrence  Yuexing Feng 《第四纪科学杂志》2010,25(8):1284-1292

Growth hiatuses in massive corals are usually indicative of past ecological or environmental stresses. Among 37 fossil Porites colonies surveyed from the reef flat of Dadonghai fringing reef at Sanya, Hainan Island, northern South China Sea, seven of them were found to show clear evidence of past mortality, representing a population of ～19%. Among these samples, two of them (SYO‐13 and SYO‐28) display clear growth hiatuses reflecting mortality followed by subsequent recruitment, and five others exhibit a well‐preserved mortality surface and no subsequent recruitment. The growth hiatuses were dated using high‐precision thermal ionisation mass spectrometry U‐series techniques. The age results suggest all the dated corals formed and died in the mid Holocene. Multiple dates below the growth hiatuses suggest that SYO‐13 and SYO‐28 died at 6298 ± 11 and 6929 ± 19 a BP (i.e. years before AD 1950), respectively. Multiple dates above the growth hiatuses indicate that growth in SYO‐13 and SYO‐28 resumed at 6257 ± 14 and 6898 ± 20 a BP, respectively. The calculated durations of growth hiatuses are therefore 41 ± 18 a for SYO‐13 and 31 ± 28 a for SYO‐28, respectively, implying growth resumed within decades after the mortality events. U‐series dating of four other samples with dead heads suggests that they died at 6035 ± 53, 6059 ± 23, 6127 ± 22 and 6474 ± 24 a BP, respectively. In addition, using solution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS), monthly resolution Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca ratios were determined for the annual growth bands below and above the growth hiatuses for three of the dated samples. The Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca profiles indicate that the three corals probably died in different seasons (from spring to autumn), and the mortality appears to be unrelated to anomalous sea surface temperature‐induced bleaching. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献