武汉市陆家街地面塌陷的形成机制   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Li Zhiyi Ye Junlin 《地球科学》1989,(2)

发生于武汉市陆家街的地面塌陷,是隐伏岩溶区的一种地质灾害,由于它与人类工程及社会经济活动有关,所以也是一种环境工程地质问题。用潜蚀机制解释这种现象较为合理,它是一个累进变形破坏过程。地面塌陷的发生与一定的地质、地貌条件密切相关。在搞清地面塌陷的形成机制、地质背景和发生条件的基础上,这种地质灾害是可以预测和防治的。  相似文献   

非闭合流域岩溶水模型   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9       下载免费PDF全文

王腊春  史运良 《水科学进展》1995,6(4):318-324

通过对贵州普定后寨河实验流域的研究,论述了非闭合流域岩溶水形成机制,根据流域地表、地下结构,将全流域划分为4个单元,并考虑各单元的闭合程度,建立了概念性岩溶水模型,为非闭合岩溶流域水文研究提供了新的途径。  相似文献   

Speleogenesis in aeolian calcarenite: A case study in western Victoria     

S. White 《Environmental Geology》1994,23(4):248-255

Most studies of karst landscapes and their processes have been concerned with consolidated, often well-jointed limestones. There are particular problems involved in the study of karst procesess in softer, less-compact limestones such as chalk, coral reefs, and aeolian calcarenite. Previous studies in aeolian calcarenite indicated these problems and a scheme was developed of speleogenesis in aeolian calcarenite. A study of karst processes in aeolian calcarenite at Bats Ridge in western Victoria has developed this scheme further. The karst features and processes at Bats Ridge are an integral part of the landscape of a mid-Pleistocene calcarenite dune system. The resolution of problems of the rapid subaerial speleogenesis in the area is achieved by the synthesis of the known karst features of the ridge and the geology and geomorphology of the area. Karst development on this aeolianite ridge depends on lithological conditions as well as the availability of aggressive water capable of solution. The diagenesis of the calcarenite is occurring now and must have been occurring by the mid-Pleistocene. This simultaneous lithification of the carbonate dunes into aeolian calcarenite rock and the development of solutional karst features in the dunes is the characteristic feature of the speleogenesis in this area. It is the formation of a hardened kankar layer (cap rock) in the dunes of sufficient compressive and tensile strength to support cavities, which is the result of these interrelated factors, that has strongly determined the formation of the karst features.  相似文献   

土壤样氦气测量在勘查隐伏陷落柱及找深部铀矿中的应用研究     

王建谱 《铀矿地质》1994,10(3):175-180

本文介绍了土壤样氦气测量方法勘查隐伏陷落柱及其找深部铀矿的简要原理和应用效果。通过对５个实例的氦异常特征研究，表明在陷落柱边缘及其中部氦含量变化明显；在隐伏铀矿体的垂直投影部位，地表有较好的氦异常。从而说明：用该法可为煤矿寻找隐伏的陷落柱，可以探测与成矿有关的岩溶塌陷构造，寻找铀矿及各种断裂构造，可以为各种受断裂控制的热液矿床指明远景地段，为勘探设计提供依据。  相似文献   

古风化壳是碳酸盐岩一个重要的储集层(体)类型   总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22       下载免费PDF全文

贾振远  肖玉茹 《地球科学》1995,20(3):283-289

大量含油气区的勘探开发证明，古风化壳是碳酸盐岩一个重要的储集层（体），作者以塔里木盆地下古生界古风化壳储集层（体）为基础，结合鄂尔多斯地区和任丘油田，从地层、岩矿组成、成岩作用、古岩溶、垂向结构、储集性能、测井曲线、地震反射和含油气性诸方面进行了详细研究，大量资料证明，古风化壳是经长期表生成岩作用形成的特有的地质体，其内部具有特有的分带性结构和含油气性，用岩溶并不能代表它的特殊性和整体概念，应黎  相似文献   

Rapid entrenchment of stream profiles in the salt caves of Mount Sedom,Israel     

Amos Frumkin  Derek C. Ford 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1995,20(2):139-152

Rock salt is approximately 1000 times more soluble than limestone and thus displays high rates of geomorphic evolution. Cave stream channel profiles and downcutting rates were studied in the Mount Sedom salt diapir, Dead Sea rift valley, Israel. Although the area is very arid (mean annual rainfall ≈ 50 mm), the diapir contains extensive karst systems of Holocene age. In the standard cave profile a vertical shaft at the upstream end diverts water from a surface channel in anhydrite or clastic cap rocks into the subsurface route in the salt. Mass balance calculations in a sample cave passage yielded downcutting rates of 0–2 mm s^?1 during peak flood conditions, or about eight orders of magnitude higher than reported rates in any limestone cave streams. However, in the arid climate of Mount Sedom floods have a low recurrence interval with the consequence that long-term mean downcutting rates are lower: an average rate of 8·8 mm a^?1 was measured for the period 1986–1991 in the same sample passage. Quite independently, long-term mean rates of 6·2mm a^?1 are deduced from ¹⁴C ages of driftwood found in upper levels of 12 cave passages. These are at least three orders of magnitude higher than rates established for limestone caves. Salt cave passages develop in two main stages: (1) an early stage characterized by high downcutting rates into the rock salt bed, and steep passage gradients; (2) a mature stage characterized by lower downcutting rates, with establishment of a subhorizontal stream bed armoured with alluvial detritus. In this mature stage downcutting rates are controlled by the uplift rate of the Mount Sedom diapir and changes of the level of the Dead Sea. Passages may also aggrade. These fast-developing salt stream channels may serve as full-scale models for slower developing systems such as limestone canyons.  相似文献   

武隆隧道岩溶地质超前预报综合技术   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15  

李苍松  何发亮  丁建芳 《水文地质工程地质》2005,32(2):96-100

武隆隧道全长9418m,为渝怀铁路第二长大隧道。该隧道的施工地质条件非常复杂,存在浅埋段、断层破碎带、岩溶暗河、非煤系地层瓦斯和岩爆等不良地质现象。其中,岩溶、暗河以及岩溶涌水是本隧道施工的最主要地质问题。根据岩溶垂直分带结果,武隆隧道处于混流带中,特别是多在季节变动带与水平迳流带之间。自隧道开挖揭露以来,多次发生大型、特大型岩溶涌水灾害。作者根据武隆隧道施工的特点,以地质法为基础,以HSP声波反射法为主要手段,结合TSP203系统和钻探等的超前预报综合技术,进行岩溶地质超前预报。实践证明,武隆隧道综合地质预报技术的应用是基本成功的,值得在同类隧道施工地质预报中借鉴。  相似文献   

表层岩溶带调蓄系数定量计算--以湘西洛塔赵家湾为例   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

邹胜章  张文慧  梁小平  罗伟权  梁彬 《水文地质工程地质》2005,32(4):37-42

本文以湖南洛塔赵家湾表层岩溶系统为例,综合利用水位、降雨量、蒸发量及泉流量等长观资料,分别对不同降雨特征下的表层岩溶带调蓄系数进行了定量计算,并对影响表层岩溶带调蓄能力的因素进行了分析。计算得到丰水期赵家湾表层岩溶带调蓄系数为0 14～0 2 8,明显小于枯水期调蓄系数0 44 ;但丰水期久旱后表层岩溶带的调蓄能力接近于枯水期;在丰水期,场雨和连续降雨时的调蓄能力比间歇降雨时的小近1倍。实例计算表明:赵家湾表层岩溶带具有一定的调蓄能力,其地下迳流滞后于降雨至少3d ,调蓄系数确实可以用来定量评价表层岩溶带的调蓄能力。  相似文献   

天津宝坻县隐伏岩溶区地下水开发与地裂缝成生关系研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

刘金峰  谢健  邢罡 《水文地质工程地质》2005,32(6):38-41

在调查分析地裂缝时空分布特征的基础上,研究地裂活动与区内水文地质条件、地下水开采过程的关系,认为过量开采奥灰水是产生地裂缝的主导因素。随着水位下降,盖层介质固结压密作用是导致地面压缩变形乃至地裂缝发生的直接原因。地下水系统结构特征以及固结压密作用的物质基础———松散盖层的厚度、岩性,是构成地面不均匀沉降的充要条件。当这种不均匀变形程度足以使土体连续性破坏时,则地裂缝便在沉降区应力集中的部位发生。  相似文献   

梵净山区新元古界下部喀斯特不整合的确认及其地质意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张慧  陈明华  彭成龙  蒋开源  于宁 《贵州地质》2005,22(4):221-223,228

本文描述了梵净山区新元古界下部鸟叶组与甲路组之间的喀斯特不整合的空间分布、地质特征，从而进一步确认了它的存在；指出该不整合是格林威尔碰撞造山之后强烈隆升的产物，代表了Rodinia超大陆在新元古代裂解前地壳经历的隆起并遭受剥蚀侵蚀的历程，从而对研究该时期地层的空间变异、沉积环境，特别是探讨Rodinia超大陆岩相演化都具有重要的科学意义。  相似文献