Textural evidence for dilatant (shear thickening) rheology of magma at high crystal concentrations     

J. V. Smith   《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2000,99(1-4)

Investigation of the rheology of magmas at high crystal concentrations by experimental means has proved problematic. An alternative approach is to study textures of igneous rocks that not only preserve evidence of the kinematics of magma flow, such as flow direction, but can also preserve evidence of rheology. Flow textures in multiply intruded trachyte dykes on Fraser Island, eastern Australia record evidence of dilatant flow during solidification. This conclusion is reached by interpretation of microscopic ductile shear zones that disrupt the groundmass of aligned feldspar laths. Detailed three-dimensional investigation demonstrates that the dihedral angle between conjugate micro-shear zones is approximately 65°. This conjugate angle is equivalent to that observed in dilatant granular materials such as sand. Dilatant behaviour is synonymous with shear thickening rheology indicating that the magma flow is time-dependent and resists high flow rates. Some of the dykes contain autobrecciation fragments that may represent localities where the ductile flow rate threshold was exceeded. Newtonian or pseudoplastic (shear thinning) rheology of crystal-poor magmas must progressively give way to shear thickening rheology during cooling and increasing crystal concentration.  相似文献   

Octahedral cation ordering in olivine at high temperature. I: in situ neutron single-crystal diffraction studies on natural mantle olivines (Fa12 and Fa10)     

R. Rinaldi  G. Artioli  C. C. Wilson  G. McIntyre 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2000,27(9):623-629

Crystallographic determinations on natural olivine single crystals of mantle composition and origin, carried out by in situ neutron diffraction at high temperature, show that the octahedrally co-ordinated Fe²⁺ and Mg cations undergo two successive trends of cation ordering with increasing temperature. An initial slight preference of Fe²⁺ for site M1, up to a temperature of about 850?°C, is followed by a reverse-ordering reaction with a site preference exchange between the two cations. The cross-over between the two regimes of ordering, corresponding to a situation of complete disorder, occurs at about 900?°C. Above this temperature Fe²⁺ progressively and strongly segregates into site M2 up to 1300?°C, the practical limit of the experimental setup utilized in the experiments. Care was taken to ensure that no chemical changes occurred in the crystals (i.e. oxidation), as testified by Mössbauer spectroscopy determinations carried out before and after the heat treatment. The cation-ordering behaviour is reflected in temperature-dependent changes of geometrical and atomic displacement parameters occurring in the octahedral sites M1 and M2. A thermodynamical explanation of this behaviour is proposed in terms of a prevailing vibrational contribution to entropy.  相似文献   

新矿物——罗布莎矿的晶体结构精修     

李国武  施倪承  熊明  马喆生  白文吉  方青松 《矿物岩石》2007,27(3):1-5

利用微量衍射方法得到的粉晶衍射数据和Rietveld全谱拟合方法精修了合金新矿物罗布莎矿(β-FeSi2)的晶体结构,新矿物计算理论分子式为Fe0.83Si2.00,属斜方晶系,空间群为Cmca,a=0.98362 nm,b=0.78301 nm,c=0.78655 nm,z=16。结构精修发现Fe有明显的占位不足,并且这种不足只表现在Fe2位置上,结构中Fe2有明显的空位缺席构造特征。  相似文献   

Mosaic and gradient SiGe single crystals for gamma ray Laue lenses     

N. V. Abrosimov 《Experimental Astronomy》2005,20(1-3):185-194

Both Ge_1−x Si _x mosaic crystals and Si_1−x Ge _x crystals with gradient of composition could be grown using the modified Czochralski technique to produce the diffracting elements for the MAX gamma ray telescope. Although many elements cut from the mosaic crystal and used before for CLAIRE gamma ray telescope had an efficiency up to 20%, the overall efficiency of the lens was about 8.1 ± 0.7 %, which is more than twice lower than the theoretically predicted efficiency. Some causes of this behaviour are discussed. In addition to mosaic crystals, the growth of Si_1−x Ge _x crystals with a gradient of composition and their properties are analysed. Such composition-gradient crystals could be a promising way to improve the diffraction efficiency of Laue lens for MAX.  相似文献   

四川米易县安宁村含矿层状侵入体的岩石学特征及成因探讨   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

马润则 《矿物岩石》1990,10(1):19-27,T002

安宁村含钒钛磁铁矿层侵入体侵位于下元古界变质岩中,厚约500m,岩体层状构造发育,分异程度较高,可分为四个岩相带和若干次级的韵律层。其初始岩浆为富铁钛,贫硅的弱碱性玄武岩浆,源于上地幔。岩浆中的律性成核与重力分异作用的结果,形成层状岩系。成岩温度1250－900℃,氧逸度foz=10^-6.38,平均成岩压力9．55kbar。较高的成岩压力控制了岩浆演化的主要途径和主要矿物组合;而偏高的氧逸度则是较早期大量Ti-Fe氧化物堆积形成岩浆结晶分异型富矿层的主要因素。  相似文献   

The influencing factors and mechanisms of the electromagnetic radiation during rock fracture   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

刘煜洲  刘因  王寅生  金安忠  傅健民  曹静平 《地震学报(英文版)》1997,10(4):513-521

ＴｈｅｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｉｎｇｆａｃｔｏｒｓａｎｄｍｅｃｈａｎｉｓｍｓｏｆｔｈｅｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｍａｇｎｅｔｉｃｒａｄｉａｔｉｏｎｄｕｒｉｎｇｒｏｃｋｆｒａｃｔｕｒｅＹＵ－ＺＨＯＮＬＩＵ１）（刘煜洲）ＹＩＮＬＩＵ１）（刘因）ＹＩＮ－ＳＨＥＮＧＷＡＮＧ２...  相似文献   

钇硅磷灰石晶体结构研究     

张建洪  方泽  廖立兵 《矿物学报》1992,(2)

钇硅磷灰石为乳白、玫瑰色,实测比重为4.35,二轴晶正光性,α=1.791;γ=1.784;电子探针分析计算晶体化学式为(Y_(2.82)Ca_(1.58)Ce_(0.27)Dy_(0.21)Er_(0.11…)_5[(Si_(2.95)P_(0.05))_3O_(12)](OH,F),空间群为C_2~2-P2_1,晶胞参数为a=0.9504±0.0005nm,b=0.9414±0.0004nm, c=0.6922±0.0002nm,r=119.71±0.04°,V=53.79±0.04nm~3,Z=2,结构参数经各向异性温度因子最小二乘法修正后R=0.111。结构分析表明:由磷灰石型的P6_3/m降低至钇硅磷灰石的P2_1,Y~(3+)替代Ca~(2+)成有序分布,导致结构中7角和9角多面体的畸变,同时Si~(4+)替代P~(5+),OH-替代F~-,加大了这种畸变,使得Y、Ca、Si、O及OH~-都偏离了赝六方P6_3/m的6h、4f、12i及2a等效点系位置,但钇硅磷灰石仍近似磷灰石型结构,最后对磷灰石型结构矿物的晶体化学进行了讨论。  相似文献   

单轴向拉伸实验晶粒组构的变化          下载免费PDF全文

李军  王伟利 《极地研究》1992,4(1):29-35

采用实验室制备的具有随机取向的细晶粒多晶冰 ,在温度为 - 3 .0± 0 .0 5℃、初始八面体剪应力为 0 .2 MPa和 0 .3 MPa下 ,对六个样品进行了单轴向拉伸实验。对应于八面体剪应力为0 .2 MPa的一次实验 ,最小应变率为 2 .6× 1 0 - 8s- 1;对应于八面体剪应力为 0 .3 MPa的其余五次实验 ,最小应变率平均值为 8.6× 1 0 - 8s- 1。六次实验最小应变率均出现在总八面体剪应变为1 .1～ 1 .6 %之间。晶粒 c轴组构随总应变增大向大环型发展 ,最终形成以组构平均半角趋于稳定在 6 5度左右的大环型组构 ,但在总八面体剪应变达 2 0 %之前 ,可能受组构图本身几何性质影响 ,组构平均半角随应变增加反而减小。对比压缩实验结果 ,拉伸实验最小应变率值与同等条件下压缩实验得到的最小应变率值一致 ,但最小应变率出现时对应的总应变稍大 ,c轴组构转变所需的总应变则更大。  相似文献   

用面角公式标定锆石晶面符号初探     

崔海 《吉林地质》1991,10(4):55-61

锆石晶体测量后,用面角公式计算相邻两晶面面角值来标定晶面符号是一个探索性的方法。锆石晶面符号这一测定方法的论证,也为不同成因的同种矿物对应面夹角的对比,提出了新的研究课题。  相似文献   

具一维无公度调制的安康矿的晶体结构测定   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

施倪承  马喆生  刘卫 《岩石矿物学杂志》1991,10(3):233-245

安康矿是在陕西省安康石梯重晶石矿床中发现的一种新矿物。分子式近于Ba_(1·2)(Ti_(5·3)V_(2.8))_(8.1)O_(16),沿C轴具一维无公度调制结构,调制波向量为q=1/2.30C。安康矿的平均结构与锰钡矿是等结构。空间群为14/m,a=10.139(4);b=2.961(2),Z=1。平均结构的强度数据收集是在cAD-4衍射仪上进行的。R=0.039(535个独立的衍射点)。安康矿的超晶胞是将其亚晶胞加大14倍而获得的,空间群P4/m,a=10.126(4),c=41.41(2),Z=14。用RIGAKU的RASA-ⅡS型衍射仪收集了8696个独立的衍射点,其中包括主衍射点及卫星衍射点。对于2353个可观察点经结构修正后R因子为0.2157。在四方柱孔道中测得了Ba原子的占位及位移。测定表明安康矿属占位调制及位移调制的复合型无公度调制,而且沿c轴方向为方波调制。  相似文献