Kinetic Studies of OH and O3 Reactions with Allyl and Isopropenyl Acetate     

S. Le Calvé  A. Mellouki  G. Le Bras  J. Treacy  J. Wenger  H. Sidebottom 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2000,37(2):161-172

Rate coefficients have been measured for the gas phasereactions of hydroxyl (OH) radicals and ozone with twounsaturated esters, allyl acetate(CH₃C(O)OCH₂CH=CH₂) and isopropenylacetate (CH₃C(O)OC(CH₃)=CH₂). The OHexperiments were carried out using the pulsed laserphotolysis – laser induced fluorescence technique overthe temperature range 243–372 K and the kinetic dataused to derive the following Arrhenius expressions (inunits of cm³ molecule^-1 s^-1): allylacetate, k ₁ = (2.33 ± 0.27) ×10^-12 exp[(732 ± 34)/T]; and isopropenyl acetate,k ₂ = (4.52 ± 0.62) × 10^-12exp[(809 ± 39)/T]. At 298 K, the rate coefficients obtained (inunits of 10^-12 cm³ molecule^-1 s^-1)are: k ₁ = (27.1 ± 3.0) and k ₂= (69.6± 9.4). The relative rate technique has been usedto determine rate coefficients for the reaction ofozone with the acetates. Using methyl vinyl ketone asthe reference compound and a value of4.8 × 10^-18 cm³ molecule^-1s^-1 asthe rate coefficient for its reaction with O₃,the following rate coefficients were derived at 298 ± 4 K (in units of10^-18 cm³molecule^-1 s^-1): allyl acetate, (2.4 ± 0.7) andisopropenyl acetate (0.7 ± 0.2). Theresults are discussed in terms of structure-activityrelationships and used to derive atmospheric lifetimesfor the acetates.  相似文献   

双相横向各向同性介质分界面上弹性波反射与透射问题研究   总被引：13，自引：5，他引：8  

刘洋  李承楚  牟永光 《地球物理学报》2000,43(5):691-698

从双相横向各向同性介质弹性波波动方程出发 ,利用边界上的 4个连续性条件 ,计算双相横向各向同性介质分界面上弹性波反射和透射系数 .计算表明 ,快纵波在双相横向各向同性介质分界面上 ,要产生反射快纵波、反射转换 qSV波、反射转换慢纵波和透射快纵波、透射转换qSV波、透射转换慢纵波 .反射转换慢纵波振幅和透射转换慢纵波振幅均较小 .频率、耗散和各向异性大小影响着快纵波反射系数的大小 .  相似文献   

斜入射线弹性节理应力波传播特征的数值模拟     

杨风威  李海波  李建春  郝亚飞  王秒 《岩土力学》2013,34(3):901-907

依据弹性波理论,应力波斜入射线弹性节理时会发生波场分解。根据入射、透射及反射各波形的不同到时,运用离散元软件UDEC模拟应力波在含倾斜节理岩体中的传播并计算其透射、反射系数,并分析其波型转换规律。应力波斜入射单节理时,模拟得到的透射、反射系数随节理刚度、入射角度的变化规律,与已有的理论解是吻合的。应力波斜入射一组平行节理时,随着节理间距的增大,其同类波的透射系数Tpp、Tss先增大后减小,最后趋于稳定值;节理条数越多,Tpp、Tss越小。此外,不同条数的节理,透射系数达到最大值的临界节理间距值基本一致,但趋于稳定时的节理间距值随节理条数的增加而逐渐增大。  相似文献   

城市建筑物人口时空分布模型与实验分析——以北京东华门街道为例     

李淑娟  王黎明  董南 《地球信息科学学报》2013,15(1):19-28

精细尺度上的城市人口分布是解决城市规划与管理、预警与应急等问题的关键。研究精细尺度上城市人口的时空分布需要还原与模拟城市人口与城市建筑物之间的关系。本文利用高分辨率遥感影像提取城市精细尺度的建筑物信息,建立了适用于城市人口分布研究的城市建筑物功能分类体系,并获取了不同使用功能的建筑物人口容纳系数;在实际调查和前人研究的基础上得到不同使用功能的城市建筑物人口吸引率曲线,建立城市建筑物人口分布模型,实现城市精细尺度上的人口分布情况的模拟。以北京东华门街道为例,对16个时间点(0∶00、6∶00、7∶00、8∶00、9∶00、10∶00、11∶00、12∶00、13∶00、14∶00、15∶00、16∶00、17∶00、18∶00、19∶00、22∶00)的城市建筑物人口分布情况进行了模拟,并根据建筑物功能的聚集及道路空间分割情况划分为4个区域进行了人口数量变化分析和原因探讨。最后,讨论了研究中存在的问题,并提出了增加实际调查数据等可能的改进方法。  相似文献   

面向D-TIN并行构建的动态条带数据划分方法与实验分析     

齐琳  沈婕  郭立帅  周侗 《地球信息科学学报》2012,14(1):55-61

 数据划分是并行算法设计的重要步骤,其结果的均衡性与高效性是提高并行算法性能的重要前提。对于集聚分布的点集数据,传统的D-TIN(Delaunay Triangulation)并行算法尚未给出划分结果均衡、划分效率高效的理想解决方案。针对上述问题,本文在传统D-TIN并行算法规则条带划分方法的基础上,提出采用动态条带实现针对集聚分布点集数据的均衡、高效划分方法。首先,获取点集的最小外接矩形,并使用规则矩形条带按照同一方向进行点集粗分,然后,按顺序进行相邻条带的合并,必要时需动态调整合并区域边界以达到满足负载均衡的要求。为了提高划分效率,尽量减少边界移动次数,采用了对半移动的规则进行边界的动态调整。为了验证动态条带划分方法的适用性,本文使用人工模拟点集数据,进行加速比测试,使用实验区域真实数据进行D-TIN并行构建效率的统计,实验证明,采用该数据划分方法可以获得更高、更稳定的并行加速比,并且数据分布形态和数据规模对加速比的影响较小,进行D-TIN构建可以获得更好的执行效率,并且加速效果更加明显。  相似文献   

地震波反射系数偏导矩阵的精确解及对近似计算的精度分析     

王玉梅  孟宪军  刘福平 《地球物理学进展》2012,27(3):1059-1063

目前叠前反演方法大多是基于Zoeppritz方程近似式实现的,它仅适应于弱反射介质界面、中小角度(或小偏移距)的地震数据反演,不能满足勘探开发的地质需求.本文建立了基于zoeppritz方程精确求解反射系数的梯度矩阵,分析了矩阵特点和精度,为研究利用反射系数梯度精确解反演地震参数奠定了基础.  相似文献   

Performance evaluation of a distributed hybrid test framework to reproduce the collapse behavior of a structure     

Tao Wang  Maria Cortes‐Delgado 《地震工程与结构动力学》2012,41(2):295-313

A hybrid numerical and experimental simulation to collapse was conducted on a one‐half scale moment‐resisting frame building with two experimental substructures at different locations. An extensible hybrid test framework was used that adopts a generalized interface to encapsulate each numerical or tested substructure, through which only boundary displacements and forces are exchanged. Equilibrium and compatibility between substructures are enforced by an iterative quasi‐Newton procedure, while adopting a predictor‐and‐corrector method to avoid loading reversals on physically tested substructures. To overcome difficulties in controlling stiff axial and rotational deformations at the boundaries, the flexible test scheme employs either open‐loop or closed‐loop control at the boundaries: enforcing either compatibility or equilibrium, or both requirements at critical boundaries. The effectiveness of the extensible framework and its capability to simulate structural behavior through collapse is demonstrated by a geographically distributed test that reproduced the collapse behavior of a four‐story, two‐bay, steel moment frame previously tested on an earthquake simulator. A comparison of both experiments highlights the viability of the hybrid test as an effective tool for the performance evaluation of structural systems from the onset of damage through collapse. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Subsoil structure and site effects: A comparison between results from SPAC and HVSR in sites of complex geology     

《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2014

We present the results of the analysis of array recorded microtremors at 14 sites, close to the edges of the Mygdonian basin in northern Greece (Euroseistest). These measurements were made in order to better constrain the geometry and velocity structure of the basin as the soil layers taper out close to rock outcrop, where geology is complex and we may expect significant changes of the subsoil structure over short distances. The data were analysed using the SPAC method and HVSR. The first interprets the measurements as Rayleigh waves (for the vertical component we analysed) and allows to invert a phase velocity dispersion curve from computed correlation coefficients. The second estimates a local transfer function directly, from ratios of Fourier amplitude spectra. A phase velocity dispersion curve could be derived for 12 of the 14 measurement sites, and at three of the sites no resonant frequency was observed in the HVSR. It is encouraging that we obtained good results at most of our sites, in spite of the lateral heterogeneity expected close to the edges of Euroseistest. Our results allow us to obtain shear wave velocity models at most of the measurement sites (12 out of 14). They are also useful to explore the relation between size of the array and wavelength range for which a dispersion curve may be estimated, which in our case has strong limitations. We identify the frequency of resonance of the sediments as a small loss of coherency in SPAC’s correlation coefficients. Finally, we also consider the applicability of the joint inversion of the resonance frequency determined using HVSR and the phase velocity dispersion curve obtained from SPAC.  相似文献   

中国沙漠旅游资源空间结构与主体功能分区   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

董瑞杰  董治宝  曹晓仪 《中国沙漠》2014,34(2):582-589

基于中国沙漠旅游资源的赋存条件,分析了中国沙漠旅游资源空间结构特征;通过主要旅游景区（点）的统计,基于GPS定位和ArcGIS软件,建立了中国沙漠旅游资源空间数据库,实现了沙漠旅游资源的空间可视化表达;基于沙漠旅游资源空间结构特征和旅游发展的景观主体功能分区需要,进行了中国沙漠旅游资源主体功能分区。结论表明：中国北方沙漠旅游资源地域广、类型丰富,主要分布在沙漠（地）的边缘和少数腹地,呈现出个别地域较为集中分布的特征;沙漠景区（点）以主要交通线为轴,呈集群串珠状分布;沙漠旅游资源功能分区划分为：一大沙漠旅游带、三大沙漠旅游区、七大沙漠旅游圈。最后讨论了中国沙漠旅游资源的开发对策。  相似文献   

西藏樟木后山危岩崩塌颗粒离散元数值分析     

王忠福  何思明  李秀珍 《岩土力学》2014,35(Z1):399-406

崩塌危岩是高陡岩质边坡浅表层破坏常见的动力地质灾害方式之一,它突发性强,随机性大,速度快,发生猛烈,一直是边坡工程勘察中的重点。对西藏樟木后山高陡边坡危岩进行了现场勘察,分析研究了危岩崩塌体的分布范围。利用PFC3D模拟了在降雨件下危岩崩塌危岩的运动轨迹、速度及不同摩擦系数崩塌体的堆积特征。计算分析结果表明,崩塌危岩运动路径受地形地貌影响较大,与地面发生碰撞,多次改变行进方向,简化二维计算可能得出错误结论;坡面摩擦系数影响崩塌危岩的堆积形态,摩擦系数越小,堆积体位置越远,运动状态易表现流态性状。坡面摩擦系数取1.2时,模拟结果与实际较为吻合;崩塌危岩主要危害的范围为陡崖下部武警二营至樟木沟口一带。利用PFC3D模拟危岩崩塌运动可以初步确定崩塌体三维堆积形态及影响范围,为防灾减灾工程设计提供有益参考。  相似文献