Spherical harmonic analysis of the CRUST 2.0 global crustal model     

D. Tsoulis 《Journal of Geodesy》2004,78(1-2):7-11

The spherical harmonic analysis of the 2×2 density and stratification information contained in the global crustal model CRUST 2.0 is presented from the viewpoint of gravity field recovery and interpretation. Using a standard Airy/Heiskanen (A/H) isostatic hypothesis and a radially distributed compensation mechanism, two models of topographic/isostatic (t/i) potential harmonic coefficients are obtained up to degree and order 90. The CRUST-derived coefficients are compared with the spectrum of uncompensated topography, with the EGM96 observed gravity field, and with the t/i spectrum based on an A/H hypothesis with a constant compensation depth of 30 km. The signal degree variances of both CRUST models decrease quite smoothly towards degree 90, while the seven-layer model approaches the EGM96 spectrum for degrees 80–90. The significant deviation of the CRUST spectra from the A/H combined spectrum may prove of relevance to local and regional applications investigating the validity of current isostatic hypotheses.Acknowledgments. Sincere thanks go to Nikolaos Pavlis and three unknown referees for their thoughtful comments. Figure 1 has been produced using the mapping package m_map by R. Pawlowicz, which is a MATLAB toolbox that can be freely downloaded from http://www2.ocgy.ubc.ca/~rich/map.html  相似文献   

A REVIEW OF INFORMATION THEORY IN ANALYTICAL CHEMOMETRICS     

KAREL ECKSCHLAGER  VLADIMíR  KLAUS DANZER 《地理学报(英文版)》1990,(3)

Information theory makes it possible to judge and evaluate methods and results in chemical analysis. Theobtained information can be expressed in different ways. One way is to define information as the decreaseof uncertainty after analysis. Conditional probabilities are therefore considered when evaluating theinformation provided by qualitative analyses. However, the use of other information measures, such asthe information gain, is often preferable. In multicomponent analysis the translation of information fromsignals to the amounts of the analytes has been investigated along with the relevance of individualcomponents. Information theory can also be applied to find the optimum experimental conditions. Theevaluation of the properties of analytical methods by information theory has been proposed.  相似文献   

长沙市SO_2浓度分布的数值模拟     

胡正林 《成都信息工程学院学报》1990,(Z1)

本文用数值解扩散方程的方法模拟了长沙市SO_2的浓度分布,并比较了两种扩散系数模型的模拟结果,认为作者曾经给出的扩散系数较取扩散系数为粘性系数时为好。最后提出了一种评价、比较模式的方法  相似文献   

Utility of Assimilating Surface Radiometric Temperature Observations for Evaporative Fraction and Heat Transfer Coefficient Retrieval   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Wade T. Crow  William P. Kustas 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2005,115(1):105-130

Recent advances in land data assimilation have yielded variational smoother techniques designed to solve the surface energy balance based on remote observations of surface radiometric temperature. These approaches have a number of potential advantages over existing diagnostic models, including the ability to make energy flux predictions between observation times and reduced requirements for ancillary parameter estimation. Here, the performance of a recently developed variational smoother approach is examined in detail over a range of vegetative and hydrological conditions in the southern U.S.A. during the middle part of the growing season. Smoother results are compared with flux tower observations and energy balance predictions obtained from the two-source energy balance model (TSM). The variational approach demonstrates promise for flux retrievals at dry and lightly vegetated sites. However, results suggest that the simultaneous retrieval of both evaporative fraction and turbulent transfer coefficients by the variational approach will be difficult for wet and/or heavily vegetated land surfaces. Additional land surface information (e.g. leaf area index (L_AI) or the rough specification of evaporative fraction bounds) will be required to ensure robust predictions under such conditions. The single-source nature of the variational approach also hampers the physical interpretation of turbulent transfer coefficient retrievals. Intercomparisons between energy flux predictions from the variational approach and the purely diagnostic TSM demonstrate that the relative accuracy of each approach is contingent on surface conditions and the accuracy with which L_AI values required by the TSM can be estimated.  相似文献   

岳城水库控制流域暴雨洪水的时程分布规律及分期划分研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

邹鹰  郭方  沈国昌  王银堂 《水科学进展》2006,17(2):265-270

从两个方面全面分析了岳城水库控制流域的暴雨洪水时程分布及分期规律:一是根据实测水文资料,通过统计暴雨日数,典型历时年最大降水量、年最大洪峰流量和5日洪量在各旬出现的频率,对流域暴雨洪水时程分布特性进行了多方面的综合分析;二是通过对流域所处地区暴雨形成的天气成因分析,为前述的统计分析结果提供必要的成因基础.还利用旬平均降雨量的相对系数来确定汛期的起止时间.分析结果表明,岳城水库控制流域的暴雨洪水时程分布具有比较明显的变化规律,其中有一个时期暴雨洪水出现的次数多、量级大,主汛期特征显著,汛期可以划分为3个分期,即前汛期、主汛期和后汛期.  相似文献   

水流分配策略随下坡坡度变化的多流向算法   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8       下载免费PDF全文

秦承志  李宝林  朱阿兴  杨琳  裴韬  周成虎 《水科学进展》2006,17(4):450-456

提出了一种新的多流向算法方法(MFD-fg),其基本思想是水流分配策略应在空间上随着与下坡坡度相关的地形参数而变,从而地形对水流分配的影响可以得到合理、有效的建模。比较分析表明,MFD-fg采用以最大下坡坡度的线性函数对水流分配进行加权,是较好的水流分配策略。应用实验表明,与目前具代表性的单流向算法与多流向算法相比,MFD-fg方法的结果可获得更合理的汇流面积。  相似文献   

Potassium partitioning into molten iron alloys at high-pressure: Implications for Earth's core     

M.A. Bouhifd  L. Gautron  V. Malavergne  D. Andrault 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》2007,160(1):22-33

The partition coefficients of potassium, D_K, between molten sanidine, KAlSi₃O₈, and molten roedderite, K₂Mg₅Si₁₂O₃₀, with FeS-rich alloy and pure Fe metal liquids have been investigated in a multi-anvil press, between 5 and 15 GPa, at a temperature of 2173 K, and at an oxygen fugacity between 0.5 and 3 log units below the iron-wüstite (IW) buffer. No pressure dependence of the D_K coefficients in sulphur-free and sulphur-bearing systems was found within the investigated pressure range. We also observed minor effect of the silicate melt composition for an nbo/t (non-bridging oxygen to tetrahedral cation ratio) higher than 0.8 ± 0.4. In contrast, the partitioning of potassium varies strongly with the metallic phase composition, with an increase of K-solubility in the metallic liquid for high sulphur and oxygen contents.We review all available high-pressure data to obtain reliable D_K coefficients for the interaction between molten silicates and Fe-alloy liquids at pressures and temperatures relevant to those of core formation in a terrestrial magma ocean. The dominant controlling parameters appear to be the temperature and the chemical composition of the metallic phase, with D_K coefficients significantly increased with temperature, and with the sulphur and oxygen contents of the Fe-alloy liquid. Our considerations distinguish two extreme cases, with an S-free or S-bearing iron core, which yield K contents of ∼25 or ∼250 ppm, respectively. These two extreme values have very different consequences for thermal budget models of the Earth's core since its formation.  相似文献   

Seismic performance evaluation of non‐structural components: drywall partitions     

Tae‐Hyung Lee  Mikiko Kato  Tomohiro Matsumiya  Keiichiro Suita  Masayoshi Nakashima 《地震工程与结构动力学》2007,36(3):367-382

As the first part of non‐structural component test series, interior drywall partitions are selected for an experimental program. This test series will cover non‐structural components that are significant in the economic losses in buildings subjected to seismic loading, namely interior drywall partitions, exterior cladding and window glasses, and ceilings. Four full‐scale drywall partitions with light‐gage steel stud framing were tested to observe damage in cyclic loading conditions. Effects of a door and an intersecting wall on the behaviour of drywall partition are studied. Damage was concentrated to perimeter regions where gypsum boards made contacts with ceiling, floor, or columns. Dynamic loading did not amplify the damage on a drywall partition over the damage observed from the quasi‐static test. Damage–repair cost relationships show that the repair cost reaches almost the initial cost under 2% radian interstorey drift. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

泥沙污染物起动再悬浮释放机理   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

朱红伟  蒋基安  程鹏达  王道增 《水科学进展》2013,24(4):537-542

底泥再悬浮时,颗粒和孔隙水会交替影响底泥污染物的释放通量。通过循环水槽实验,分别以氯化钠和磷来代表典型的非吸附性污染物和吸附性污染物,研究了再悬浮颗粒和孔隙水释放污染物的不同特征。研究表明,再悬浮磷的释放对底面切应力的反应要比氯化钠迟缓,但前者释放通量要比后者大。恒定水流下底泥再悬浮污染物释放过程可以分为两个显著阶段:起动初期2 h内,颗粒和孔隙水共同作用,两者对上覆水体中水溶性污染物的贡献之比最高为3:1,此时悬浮颗粒处于解吸污染物状态;2 h后,悬浮颗粒转为吸附污染物状态,释放通量时正时负。长期悬浮时泥沙颗粒始终为负释放状态,而孔隙水对总通量的贡献之比最高可达到60:1。上覆水体中吸附性污染物液固相浓度比值先增大后减小,悬浮后期始终处于较低值。推导了底泥释放通量的理论公式,理论结果是线性缓慢增加的,而实验值的增加趋势是先快后慢。  相似文献   

不同结构型式及高程离岸潜堤投射系数实验研究     

李玉龙  庞亮  孙国峰 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2014,44(1)

针对威海九龙湾岸滩治理工程,进行不同结构型式及不同高程离岸潜堤的物理模型试验。根据物理模型试验的结果,得出离岸潜堤透射系数Kt与主要影响因子的相互关系。得出影响潜堤透射系数最主要的因子为相对堤顶水深(a/Hi),在一定水位条件下,相对堤顶长度(B/L)也能影响透射系数。借助MATLAB数学软件平台,将数据进行回归分析,得出不规则波作用下潜堤透射系数的经验公式,为此类工程设计提供参考。  相似文献