南京下蜀土的岩石磁学特征   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

许峰宇  李立文 《岩石学报》1996,12(3):491-497

对南京附近的下蜀土进行了岩石磁学测定，通过磁化率各向异性测量研究了它的沉积磁性组构特征，下蜀土的各异向性很不明显，各向异性废Ｐ小于水成岩的Ｐ值（＞１．０２），且与困面理度Ｆ高度相关，与磁线理度Ｌ相关不明显，这种特征与中国中部风成黄土极相似。对新生圩剖面进行的磁化率测量发现用化率曲线上有７个旋回的波峰、波谷变化，这与剖面中的古土壤－黄土系列相一致，说明下蜀土的剖面磁化率同样可以作为地层划分与对比，反映古气候冷暧变化的物理参数。对典型下蜀土样品进行的低温磁化率测量揭示出古土壤和黄土的成颗粒的构成不同，古土壤以超顺磁质为主，黄土以顺磁质为主。细小磁颗粒在古土壤中的积聚可能与古土壤的发育及古气候的暧湿程度有关。  相似文献   

Geotechnical Hazards Associated with Desert Environment     

Shehata  W.M.  Amin  A.A. 《Natural Hazards》1997,16(1):81-95

The aridity of the Arabian Peninsula's deserts ranges between arid to hyperarid with hot dry climate, scarce precipitation and sparse vegetation. These harsh environmental conditions enhance some geomorphologic processes more than others, cause specific geotechnical problems, and increase desertification.From west to east, the general physiography of Saudi Arabia shows the Red Sea coastal plains and the escarpment foothills called Tihama followed by the Arabian Shield mountains, the Arabian Shelf plateau and finally the Arabian Gulf coastal plains. Sand moves by wind either as drifting sand or migrating dunes in four major sand seas, over the Arabian Shelf, and in the inter-mountain valleys, in the Arabian Shield causing problems of erosion and deposition. Human activities in the deserts may cause more instability to the sand bodies, enlarging the magnitude of the problem. Fine silty soil particles also move by wind, depositing loess mainly in selected areas downwind in the Tihama. These loess deposits subside and may form earth fissures by the process of hydrocompaction upon wetting. The addition of water can be either natural through storms or man-made through human agricultural or civil activities. Extensive sabkhas exist along the coastal plains of both the Red Sea and Arabian Gulf. The sabkha soil may also heave by salt re-crystallization or collapse by wetting. The shallow groundwater brines present in sabkhas also attack and corrode civil structures. Urbanization and excessive groundwater pumping may also deplete the fresh groundwater resources and may cause subsidence, ground fissuring and surface faulting as observed in some locations in the Arabian Shield. Although the average annual precipitation is very low, rain usually falls in the form of torrential storms, collected by dry valley basins and causing floods to unprotected downstream areas on the coastal plains of the Red Sea.The desert environment, being a fragile echo system, needs to be treated with care. Intercommunications between different national and international agencies and education of the layman should help to keep the system balanced and reduce the resulting environmental hazards. In addition, any suggested remedial measures should be planned with nature and engineered with natural materials.  相似文献   

Causes of Land Subsidence in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia     

Amin  Ammar  Bankher  Khalid 《Natural Hazards》1997,16(1):57-63

The occurrence of land subsidence in the Kingdom Saudi Arabia is either natural or man-made. Natural land subsidence occurs due to the development of subterranean voids by a solution of host rocks in carbonate and evaporite terrains, over many areas of Saudi Arabia. Man-induced land subsidence is either due to the removal of groundwater in the agricultural areas or to wetting of unstable soils. Therefore, earth fissures and a lowering of the ground surface in unconsolidated sediments took place in alluvial plains and volcanic vent terrains. Unstable soils include Sabkha soils and loess sediments. These types of soils occur in coastal plains, desert areas and volcanic terrains. When this soil is wetted either during agricultural activities, waste disposal or even during a rain storm, subsidence takes place due to either the removal of salts from the Sabkha soil or the rearrangement of soil particles in loess sediments.  相似文献   

北祁连加里东造山带从挤压到伸展造山机制的转换   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张建新  许志琴  李海兵  徐惠芬 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》1997,(3)

早古生代早期，北祁连造山带发生强烈的挤压变形作用，形成加里东期的俯冲－增生杂岩、高压变质岩，并使造山带岩石圈地壳加厚缩短。志留纪末期，加厚的造山带岩石圈由于垮塌作用及根部的拆沉作用，使造山带从挤压造山机制转换为伸展造山机制，并进入后造山伸展作用阶段，增厚的岩石圈开始减薄，发生不同层次的伸展作用，同时伴随花岗岩及Ａｎ∈变质岩的穹隆以及泥盆纪磨拉石盆地上叠盆地（Ｃ－Ｔ）的形成。石炭纪末，北祁连造山带岩石圈地壳已基本减薄到正常厚度。而现今的北祁连造山带的缩短和抬升则为喜马拉雅期再造山作用的产物  相似文献   

造山带岩浆活动与构造运动关系研究综述     

王强  王人镜 《地质科技情报》1997,16(4):39-44

熔体及其活动在造山带的演化中发挥了重要作用。熔体活动发迹了地壳应力作用方式而诱发形成剪切带或断层；熔体活动调整块体间的位移而影响造山带的变形；  相似文献   

大同—怀安麻粒岩地体的伸展抬升   总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11  

张家声 《地质论评》1997,43(5):503-514,T002

大同－怀安地区ＴＴＧ片麻岩和孔兹岩系早期具有互不相同的，但双彼此相关的构造和演压历史。它们之间的低角度高应变带以正韧性剪切和非共轴变形为特征，体出了构造接触的性质。构造和岩石学数据表明，该地体至少在２．５Ｇａ和１．８Ｇａ前后分别受到两个麻粒岩相变质事件的影响，其主要的构造是在Ｍ１事件中形成的。  相似文献   

Frequency domain modal analysis of earthquake input energy to highly damped passive control structures     

Izuru Takewaki 《地震工程与结构动力学》2004,33(5):575-590

A new complex modal analysis‐based method is developed in the frequency domain for efficient computation of the earthquake input energy to a highly damped linear elastic passive control structure. The input energy to the structure during an earthquake is an important measure of seismic demand. Because of generality and applicability to non‐linear structures, the earthquake input energy has usually been computed in the time domain. It is shown here that the formulation of the earthquake input energy in the frequency domain is essential for deriving a bound on the earthquake input energy for a class of ground motions and for understanding the robustness of passively controlled structures to disturbances with various frequency contents. From the viewpoint of computational efficiency, a modal analysis‐based method is developed. The importance of overdamped modes in the energy computation of specific non‐proportionally damped models is demonstrated by comparing the energy transfer functions and the displacement transfer functions. Through numerical examinations for four recorded ground motions, it is shown that the modal analysis‐based method in the frequency domain is very efficient in the computation of the earthquake input energy. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

昌马水库右岸山体稳定性研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

杨健  陈祖煜  何传永 《水文地质工程地质》2004,31(1):24-27

昌马水库导流排砂洞塌方导致右岸山体发生松动 ,本文在大量地质资料的基础上 ,对右岸岩体裂隙网络进行模拟 ,同时 ,采用极限分析能量法和有限元数值模拟方法等对右岸山体的稳定性进行分析研究 ,并提出相应的加固方案。  相似文献   

陕北砂黄土区公路地质灾害及防治对策   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

张永双  曲永新  何锋 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2004,15(2):35-38

中国西北黄土的颗粒组成具有明显的地带性分布规律，自NW向SE可依次划分为砂黄土带、典型黄土带和粘黄土带。黄土高原北部地质灾害综合调查表明，砂黄土区公路地质灾害的主要类型包括黄土边坡滑塌灾害、路堤裂陷灾害、路桥变形和冲蚀灾害等。根据试验测试分析结果，公路地质灾害的形成主要受黄土本身的物质组成、结构及力学性质控制，人类工程活动的盲目性是诱发地质灾害的重要因素。文章在砂黄土公路地质灾害特征分析的基础上，提出加强边坡防护和冲蚀灾害防治是公路地质灾害防治的两个基本途径，并给出了针对性的防治对策。这不仅对该地区的公路建设具有重要的指导作用，而且对其它生命线工程如铁路、输油气管道、渠道等也具有重要的借鉴意义。  相似文献   

疏降地下水引起地面塌陷浅析--以淮南煤矿区为例   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

许光泉  沈慧珍 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2004,15(4):64-68

以淮南西部矿区为例，介绍了该地区自20世纪60年代开采煤矿以来，由于疏降地下水，引起的地面塌陷。为了研究灰岩水动力场规律，先后在该区进行多时段、多水平放水试验。研究表明，覆盖粘土层、岩溶及人工疏降地下水，是该地区岩溶塌陷形成的基本条件。通过对粘土盖层性质、疏降地下水岩溶塌陷演化过程及塌陷机理与对应阶段过程综合分析，结合区域地质条件，掌握了塌陷点的分布规律。对目前西部地区塌陷“复活”、整治及未来城市规划，提出了建设性建议。  相似文献