Lithospheric composition and structure beneath the northern margin of the Qinling orogenic belt   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Lu?FengxiangEmail author  Wang?Chunyang  Zheng?Jianping 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2004,47(1):13-22

Swarms of mafic-intermediate volcaniclastic bodies occur in the Minggang region of Henan Province, a tectonic boundary between the North Qinling and the North China Block, and emplaced at (178.31±3.77) Ma. These volcanic rocks are subalkaline basaltic andesites and contain abundance of lower crust and mantle xenoliths. Thus this area is an ideal place to reveal the lithospheric composition and structure beneath the northern margin of the Qinling orogenic belt. Geochemical data indicate that these mafic granulites, eclogites and metagabbros have trace elemental and Pb isotopic characteristics very similar to those rocks from the South Qinling Block, representing the lower part of lower crust of the South Qinling which subducted beneath the North China Block. Talcic peridotites represent the overlying mantle wedge materials of the North China Block, which underwent the metasomatism of the acidic melt/fluid released from the underlying lower crust of the South Qinling Block. Deep tectonic model proposed in this paper is that after the Late Paleozoic South Qinling lithosphere subducted northward and decoupled, the upper part of the lithosphere emplaced under the North Qinling and the lower part continuously subducted northward under the North China Block. In Early Mesozoic, the North Qinling Block obducted northward and the North China Block inserted into the Qinling orogenic belt in a crocodile-mouth shape.  相似文献   

中国旅游业碳排放脱钩效应及影响因素研究     

翁钢民  李聪慧  潘越  李建璞 《地理与地理信息科学》2021,37(2):114-120

以中国30个省域为研究对象,采用Tapio脱钩模型测算2008-2017年旅游业碳排放脱钩指数,结合ESDA和LMDI方法,对旅游业碳排放脱钩的时空格局演变及影响因素进行研究。结果表明:中国旅游业碳排放脱钩指数整体处于弱脱钩状态,在0.4380~0.8758之间波动,碳排放脱钩指数分布不均衡,脱钩水平表现出“东高西低”的空间分布格局;旅游业碳排放脱钩指数呈显著负相关,但空间分布的集聚程度较低;随着时间推移,空间集聚程度有所提高,其中,H-H类型的省域集中分布在中部地区,L-L类型省域数量较少,呈零星分布;技术效应、游客规模效应分别是促进和抑制旅游业碳排放脱钩的主导因素,能源结构效应表现为先抑制后促进的作用,经济效应的影响较小。最后针对中国旅游业碳排放脱钩现状提出相关应对措施,以期为制定科学的减排政策提供决策依据。  相似文献   

城镇化与资源环境的耦合过程与解耦分析——以北京为例   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

郭莎莎  陈明星  刘慧 《地理研究》2018,37(8):1599-1608

探索城镇化与资源环境之间的相互作用与复杂关系具有重要意义。从可持续城镇化视角,构建城镇化发展指数和资源环境压力指数,分析评估了2003-2015年北京市城镇化发展对资源环境压力的影响,借鉴解耦模型进一步研究了北京市城镇化与资源环境压力的耦合关系。结果表明：① 北京城镇化进入了后期成熟阶段,人口、经济和社会城镇化均呈现出较高水平且增速放缓的特征,人口城镇化率从79.05%上升到86.51%。② 资源消耗总量仍在不断增加,而环境污染的治理效果相对较为明显,工业废水、工业固体废物等污染物排放量趋于降低,城镇化发展的资源环境压力总体处于中等水平且呈波动性逐步上升趋势。③ 12年间,北京市城镇化发展与资源环境压力呈现由弱解耦—强解耦—弱解耦—扩张性耦合—扩张性负解耦—强解耦—弱解耦—强解耦的演变轨迹,耦合与解耦关系反复,这种反复体现了城镇化发展与资源环境之间复杂关系及其动态演化特征。资源环境可持续性将是北京建设国际一流的和谐宜居之都的关键瓶颈因素之一。  相似文献   

Green growth and climate change: conceptual and empirical considerations     

Miklós Antal  Jeroen C.J.M. Van Den Bergh 《Climate Policy》2016,16(2):165-177

The feasibility of green growth is studied in the context of climate change. As carbon emissions are easier to quantify than many other types of environmental pressure, it will be possible to reach a more definite conclusion about the likelihood of green growth than has been possible in the long-standing historical debate on growth versus the environment. We calculate the rate of decoupling between gross domestic product (GDP) and GHG emissions needed to achieve internationally agreed climate targets. Next, eight arguments are considered that together suggest that fast decoupling will be very difficult. Subsequently, we examine the main lines of research used by proponents of green growth to support their viewpoint, including theoretical arguments, exercises with integrated assessment models, and studies of the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis. It will be concluded that decoupling as a main or single strategy to combine economic and environmental aims should be judged as taking a very large risk with our common future. To minimize this risk we need to seriously consider reducing our dependence on growth. This requires a fundamental change of focus in both economic research and policy.

Policy relevance

Currently, green growth is the only strategy of mainstream economists and policy makers to address climate change. This article demonstrates that such an exclusive focus is very risky due to the scale of the challenge and the existence of various barriers to the fast decoupling of GHG emissions from economic output. It seems that the only option to combine environmental and economic objectives is reducing the dependence of our economies on growth. Finding strategies in line with this requires a fundamental change of focus in both economic research and policy.  相似文献   

Geochemistry and geochronology of mafic rocks from the Spanish Central System:Constraints on the mantle evolution beneath central Spain     

《地学前缘(英文版)》2020,11(5):1651-1667

The Spanish Central System(SCS) contains several suites of Palaeozoic mafic igneous intrusions with contrasting geochemical affinity:Ordovician tholeiitic metabasites,Variscan calc-alkaline gabbros(Gb1) and microdiorites(Gb2),shoshonitic monzogabbros(Gb3) and alkaline diabases and lamprophyres(Gb4).Not all of these rocks are accurately dated,and several aspects of their genesis are still poorly understood.We present new whole-rock geochemical data(major and trace elements,and Sr-Nd isotopes),U-Pb and Lu-Hf isotopic ratios on magmatic zircons and 40 Ar/~(39)Ar amphibole geochronology results in order to establish a precise chronology for the successive events of magmatism in the SCS,and discuss the nature of their mantle sources.Accurate ages have been determined for the Variscan gabbros(305-294 Ma),the microdiorites(299 Ma) and the accompanying felsic porphyries(292 Ma),the shoshonitic monzogabbros(285 Ma),and the alkaline diabases(274 Ma) and monzosyenites(271-264 Ma).According to this information,the Variscan mafic magmatism would be mainly concentrated in the range of 305-294 Ma,with a final manifestation represented by the minor shoshonitic dykes.The alkaline magmatism proved to be slightly older than previously thought and yielded at least two distinct pulses:diabases and lamprophyres-monzosyenites.Zircon Hf isotopes evidence the involvement of depleted and slightly enriched mantle sources.The bulk of the eHf values are in the broad range of-8 to+11,indicative of melting both depleted and enriched mantle regions.The high within-sample Hf isotope variation(up to-11 epsilon units) shown by samples from the Variscan series(gabbros,microdiorites and monzogabbros) could be explained mainly by hybridisation of magmas derived from heterogeneous lithospheric mantle sources.Pressure estimates indicate that the Variscan mafic magmas were extracted from the lithosphere.The Nd-Hf isotopic composition of these suites of rocks suggests the recycling of pelitic sediments during the Cadomian orogeny.Deeper(asthenospheric) mantle levels were involved in the generation of the alkaline suite,whose anomalous negative eHf values(moderately decoupled with respect to radiogenic Nd) could be associated with subducted oceanic components raised by mantle upwelling associated with lithosphere thinning and extension during the Permian.  相似文献   

Present-day stress field and deformation in eastern Austria     

J. Reinecker  W. A. Lenhardt 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1999,88(3):532-550

 We analysed fault plane solutions and borehole breakouts in the eastern part of the Eastern Alps and found a heterogeneous stress field which we interpret as a transition zone of three different stress provinces: the western European stress province with NW to NNW S_H orientation and mainly strike-slip faulting regime; the Adriatic stress province with a radial stress pattern and thrust faulting to strike-slip faulting regime; and the Dinaric-Pannonian stress province with NE S_H orientation and strike-slip faulting regime. The western Pannonian basin seems to be a part of the transition zone with WNW to NW S_H orientation. A stress regime stimulating strike-slip faulting prevails in the Eastern Alps. The south Bohemian basement spur as a major tectonic structure with a high rheological contrast to surrounding units has a strong influence on the stress field and exhibits the highest seismicity at its tip due to stress concentration. From a constructed vertical stress orientation profile we found stress decoupling of the Northern Calcareous Alps from the underlying European foreland. Both the Molasse and the Flysch-Helvetic zone are considered as candidates for decoupling horizons due to stress orientation observations and due to their rheological behaviour. From seismological and rheological data, we suggest a horizontal stress decoupling across the Eastern Alps caused by a weakened central Alpine lithosphere. Received: 3 July 1998 / Accepted: 4 April 1999  相似文献   

A Gravel Outwash/Deformation till Continuum, Skalafellsjokull, Iceland     

David J. A. Evans 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2000,82(4):499-512

A stratigraphic sequence exposed by river erosion in the foreland of Skalafellsjokull, southern Iceland, displays five lithofacies documenting glaciofluvial deposition followed by glaciotectonic disturbance and subglacial deformation. Lithofacies 1a and 1b are glaciotectonically thrust glaciofluvial outwash and subglacial deformation till respectively from an early advance of Skalafellsjokull. Lithofacies 2, massive gravels and clast–supported diamictons, documents the deposition of glaciofluvial outwash in the proto–River Skala prior to overriding by Skalafellsjokull during the Little Ice Age. During overriding, lithofacies 2 was glaciotectonically disturbed and now possesses the clast fabric and structural characteristics of G _B (non–penetratively deformed) and G _A (penetratively deformed) type glaciotectonites. A shear zone separates lithofacies 2 from overlying lithofacies 3, the latter possessing the clast fabric signature of a D _A (dilatant) type deformation till although it was originally deposited as a discontinuous diamicton within a glaciofluvial sequence, probably as a hyperconcentrated flow, and appears to have been at least partially derived from underlying materials by glaciotectonic cannibalization. Lithofacies 4 is a glaciofluvial deposit comprising two coarseningupward sequences of gravel and diamicton. These facies have been overprinted with G _B glaciotectonite and D _A?B (dilatant to non–dilatant) deformation till structures and clast fabrics recording a vertical progression towards more pervasively deformed material. The sequence is capped by lithofacies 5, a two–tiered deformation till possessing the characteristics of D _A and D _B horizon subglacial tills previously reported from Icelandic glacier snouts. The whole sequence comprising lithofacies 2–5 represents a gravel outwash/deformation till continuum displaying variable strain signaturesproduced in response to stress induced by the overriding of Skalafellsjokull during the Little Ice Age. These signatures are dictated by the sediment rheology and a vertical strain profile for the sediment pile during glacier overriding is reconstructed.  相似文献   

长吉都市区能源碳足迹测度及影响因素研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

张约翰  张平宇 《地理科学》2012,(9):1099-1105

对1999~2008年长春都市区碳足迹进行计算,采用岭回归法和脱钩指数分析了经济发展与能源消费碳足迹之间的关系。结果表明:能源消费碳足迹呈现波动变化态势,1999~2002年人均能源消费碳足迹较低,2003年后呈现快速上升态势;受支柱产业能源消费特征影响,煤炭、石油所占比例呈上升趋势;生产性和生活性碳足迹均上升,能源消费碳足迹产值呈现不均衡变化态势;经济增长是能源消费碳足迹的主要影响因素,技术进步和城镇化发展作用有限;经济增长与能源消费碳足迹之间处于相对脱钩状态。  相似文献   

长江中下游地区九瑞矿集区邓家山花岗闪长斑岩的地球化学与成因研究   总被引：16，自引：9，他引：7  

李亮  蒋少涌 《岩石学报》2009,25(11):2877-2888

邓家山是长江中下游成矿带九瑞矿集区西北部的一处矽卡岩型Cu-Au-Mo矿床.矿区与成矿关系密切的岩体为花岗闪长斑岩.本文通过锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年确定,该岩体侵位于早白垩世早期(138.2±1.8Ma).常微量元素分析结果表明,邓家山花岗闪长斑岩具有埃达克质岩的地球化学特征,表现为高Sr(＞650×10~(-6))、Ba(＞700×10~(-6)),低Y(＜12×10~(-6)),Yb(＜1×10~(-6)),Nb(＜10×10~(-6)),Ta(＜0.7×10~(-6)),富集轻稀土而强烈亏损重稀土(LREE/HREE=12.2～13.5).邓家山花岗闪长斑岩的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr,为0.7068～0.7071,ε_(Nd)(t)为-2.7～-2.3,Nd同位素两阶段模式年龄T_(2DM)为1.13Ga～1.15Ga.锆石的Hf同位素分析结果表明,~(176)Ht/~(177)Hf值为0.282475～0.282539,计算的ε_(Hf)(t))值为-5.2～-7.5,Hf同位素两阶段模式年龄T2DM为1.52Ga～1.67Ga.全岩ε_(Nd)(t)与锆石ε_(Hf)(t))之间出现了较为明显的Nd-Hf同位素解耦.根据以上特征,我们认为邓家山花岗闪长斑岩是壳幔相互作用的产物,即增厚下地壳拆沉并部分熔融,岩浆在上升过程中又与地幔橄榄岩发生大规模混染.  相似文献   

萍乐坳陷带西段伸展构造体系浅析     

游正义  曾书明  刘金元 《华东地质学院学报》2009,32(2):123-129

通过野外调研和资料分析,发现萍乐坳陷带西段存在一伸展构造体系,它由变质核杂岩、固态流变构造群落、浅层次的顺层正滑拆离断层以及晚期的重力滑脱构造体系组成。变质核杂岩外缘由以多条大环状分布外倾的花岗质糜棱岩带为代表的韧性剪切带组成,带中的矿物拉伸线理显示韧性剪切作用是沿隆起两翼近南北向进行的。顺层固态流变群落最突出的表现为浅变质岩中近水平的韧性剪切带。部分泥盆系-二叠系亦卷入顺层固态流变群落,表现为带内动力片岩及碳酸岩糜棱岩带。浅层次顺层正滑拆离断层多沿已存界面或岩性软弱面由南向北多层次滑移,并可分为后缘拉张、中部递进滑脱及前缘挤压三个构造分带。晚期重力滑脱体系主要发育于武功山北麓,由众多滑块组成。依据法国奥尔良大学所获变质核杂岩中糜棱岩同位素年龄可知,该伸展构造体系始于华力西晚期-印支期;依据卷入的地层,至少是燕山末期、甚至喜山期才结束.  相似文献