耦合地震动下地铁车站的动力响应研究          下载免费PDF全文

张涵  张西文 《地震工程学报》2021,43(1):245-250

耦合地震动对地铁车站结构的响应较为复杂,本文运用有限单元法进行动力时程分析,研究地铁车站结构承受水平、竖向和双向耦合地震动作用下的动力响应规律.结果表明:(1)耦合地震动对结构相对水平位移影响较小,但对结构的相对竖向位移影响较大.(2)耦合地震动会减小中柱主应力值,但并未较大程度上改变中柱主应力值大小分布情况.(3)车...  相似文献   

Comparison of the earthquake detection abilities of PhaseNet and EQTransformer with the Yangbi and Maduo earthquakes          下载免费PDF全文

Ce Jiang  Lihua Fang  Liping Fan  Boren Li 《地震科学（英文版）》2021,34(5):425-435

PhaseNet and EQTransformer are two state-of-the-art earthquake detection methods that have been increasingly applied worldwide. To evaluate the generalization ability of the two models and provide insights for the development of new models, this study took the sequences of the Yunnan Yangbi M6.4 earthquake and Qinghai Maduo M7.4 earthquake as examples to compare the earthquake detection effects of the two abovementioned models as well as their abilities to process dense seismic sequences. It has been demonstrated from the corresponding research that due to the differences in seismic waveforms found in different geographical regions, the picking performance is reduced when the two models are applied directly to the detection of the Yangbi and Maduo earthquakes. PhaseNet has a higher recall than EQTransformer, but the recall of both models is reduced by 13%–56% when compared with the results reported in the original papers. The analysis results indicate that neural networks with deeper layers and complex structures may not necessarily enhance earthquake detection performance. In designing earthquake detection models, attention should be paid to not only the balance of depth, width, and architecture but also to the quality and quantity of the training datasets. In addition, noise datasets should be incorporated during training. According to the continuous waveforms detected 21 days before the Yangbi and Maduo earthquakes, the Yangbi earthquake exhibited foreshock, while the Maduo earthquake showed no foreshock activity, indicating that the two earthquakes’ nucleation processes were different.  相似文献   

2021年3月19日西藏比如MS 6.1地震总结     

田雷  张小涛  解孟雨  姜祥华  王月  邓世广  臧阳  黎明晓  于晨  苑争一 《地震地磁观测与研究》2021,42(2):42-57

2021年3月19日西藏比如MS 6.1地震发生在班戈—安多地区的安多盆地南缘断裂附近,震源机制解反演结果显示,本次地震为近东西走向断层产生正断兼走滑型错动的结果,与区域构造特征一致;截止至4月15日,地震序列跟踪发现,主震与余震震级差为1.4,主震释放能量占序列的98.96％,表明6.1级主震释放了此次地震序列的绝大...  相似文献   

基于深度学习的海温观测数据质量控制应用研究     

刘玉龙  王国松  侯敏  徐珊珊  苗庆生 《海洋通报》2021,40(3):283-291

基于国家海洋信息中心质量控制后的西太平洋10度方区约100万站次温盐实测历史调查资料,对经过26种严格质量控制方法的综合海温质量符进行分类分析,首次将深度学习技术应用于海洋数据质量控制多分类(multiclass classification)算法与应用研究.通过人工合成少数类样本和加权损失函数方法减少多数类的频率来降...  相似文献   

潜在地震灾害预测和评价神经网络系统及其若干问题     

陈啸  王宏伟  刘斌  汪婷婷  朱浮声 《国际地震动态》2007,(10):1-7

结合人工神经网络自身的特性和地震灾害预测研究的特点,本文应用神经网络模型,建立了潜在地震灾害预测和评价系统。针对网络模型参数设置、数据归一化、中间层神经元最优数目以及泛化分类评价指标等若干实际问题给出了实际可行的解决方案。通过大样本数据对网络的训练,形成了有识别和记忆功能的非线性预测和评价系统。对网络的测试和检验,论证了该系统在预测潜在地震灾害上的可行性和有效性。同时,从测试精度出发,探讨了这种预测网络存在的不足,并给出了相应的改进建议,为开展进一步的研究工作提供了参考。  相似文献   

地震安评中地震活动性的统计区域与b值   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

沈建文  余湛  邱瑛 《国际地震动态》2007,(3):1-6

本文讨论我国现行地震安全性评价中,地震活动性研究统计区域的选择及b值计算中存在的问题,提出不一定以地震区带作为统计区域的建议。文中同时指出,累计b值的正确概念应该是无震级上限累计b值,应采用迭代回归计算。文中用实际例子说明作者的建议。  相似文献   

Geological interpretation of a deep seismic‐reflection transect across the boundary between the Delamerian and Lachlan Orogens,in the vicinity of the Grampians,western Victoria     

R. J. Korsch  T. J. Barton  D. R. Gray  A. J. Owen  D. A. Foster 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(6):1057-1075

A deep seismic‐reflection transect in western Victoria was designed to provide insights into the structural relationship between the Lachlan and the Delamerian Orogens. Three seismic lines were acquired to provide images of the subsurface from west of the Grampians Range to east of the Stawell‐Ararat Fault Zone. The boundary between the Delamerian and Lachlan Orogens is now generally considered to be the Moyston Fault. In the vicinity of the seismic survey, this fault is intruded by a near‐surface granite, but at depth the fault dips to the east, confirming recent field mapping. East of the Moyston Fault, the uppermost crust is very weakly reflective, consisting of short, non‐continuous, west‐dipping reflections. These weak reflections represent rocks of the Lachlan Orogen and are typical of the reflective character seen on other seismic images from elsewhere in the Lachlan Orogen. Within the Lachlan Orogen, the Pleasant Creek Fault is also east dipping and approximately parallel to the Moyston Fault in the plane of the seismic section. Rocks of the Delamerian Orogen in the vicinity of the seismic line occur below surficial cover to the west of the Moyston Fault. Generally, the upper crust is only weakly reflective, but subhorizontal reflections at shallow depths (up to 3 km) represent the Grampians Group. The Escondida Fault appears to stop below the Grampians Group, and has an apparent gentle dip to the east. Farther east, the Golton and Mehuse Faults are also east dipping. The middle to lower crust below the Delamerian Orogen is strongly reflective, with several major antiformal structures in the middle crust. The Moho is a slightly undulating horizon at the base of the highly reflective middle to lower crust at 11–12 s TWT (approximately 35 km depth). Tectonically, the western margin of the Lachlan Orogen has been thrust over the Delamerian Orogen for a distance of at least 25 km, and possibly over 40 km.  相似文献   

Engineering characteristics and uses of duricrusts in Australia     

G. H. McNally 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(6):535-547

The uses and shortcomings of duricrusts (ferricrete, calcrete and silcrete) in engineering construction (as used for road‐base, aggregate, foundation materials and aquifers) are reviewed. Australian production of these materials represents about one‐third of all unprocessed road‐base and they are especially important as pavement courses for lightly trafficked, low‐cost rural and outback roads. However, duricrusts are regarded as marginal materials at best because of their typically poor grading, particle unsoundness, high fines plasticity, and absorption of water and bitumen. These materials are used because they are available locally in areas that are otherwise lacking in hard rock materials, such as deeply weathered and sedimentary rock terrains. The weathering profiles of which they form part are characterized by high permeability (despite being clay‐rich), variable cementation, low compressibility and a tendency to become weaker with depth. Although the more indurated layers are unrippable, they are also difficult to blast. Pedogenic (nodular) duricrusts were formerly sought for natural road‐base, because they occur widely and require only rudimentary processing. However, well‐cemented groundwater (vadose) duricrusts are now the preferred deposits, even though they require crushing and screening. Ferricrete is the most widely exploited of the duricrusts for engineering purposes, especially in northern and southwestern Australia, although calcrete is important in South Australia and in the Murray Basin. Silcrete is only a minor source of aggregate and road‐base, mainly in western Queensland.  相似文献   

Preliminary 3–D geological model of the Kalgoorlie region,Yilgarn Craton,Western Australia,based on deep seismic‐reflection and potential‐field data     

B. R. Goleby  R. J. Korsch  T. Fomin  B. Bell  M. G. Nicoll  B. J. Drummond 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(6):917-933

The granite‐greenstone terranes of the Eastern Goldfields Province, Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia, are a major Australian and world gold and nickel source. The Kalgoorlie region, in particular, hosts several world‐class gold deposits. To attempt to understand why these deposits occur where they do, it is important to understand the crustal architecture in the region and how the major mineral systems operate in this architecture. One way to understand these relationships is to develop a detailed 3–D geological model for the region. The best method to map the 3–D geometry of major geological structures is by acquisition and interpretation of seismic‐reflection profiles. To contribute to this aim, a grid of deep seismic‐reflection traverses was acquired in 1999 to examine the 3–D geometry of the region in an area including the Kalgoorlie mineral region and mineral fields to the north and west. This grid was tied to the 1991 regional deep seismic traverse and 1997 high‐resolution seismic profiles in the same region. The grid covers an area measuring approximately 50 km wide by 50 km long and extended to a depth of approximately 50 km (below the base of the crust in this region). The resulting 3–D geological model was further constrained by both surface geological data and geophysical interpretations, with the seismic interpretations themselves also constrained by gravity and magnetic modelling. The 3–D model was used to investigate the geometric relationships between the major faults and shear zones in the area, the relationship between the granite‐greenstone succession and the basement, and the spatial relationships between the greenstones and the granites. Interpretation of the grid of seismic lines and construction of the 3–D geological model confirmed the existence of the detachment surface and led to the recognition that the granite‐greenstone contact usually occurs at a much shallower level than the detachment. Also, west‐dipping faults in the vicinity of the Golden Mile, including the Abattoir Shear through to Boulder‐Lefroy Fault, appear to be more important than previously thought in controlling the structure of that area. An antiformal thrust stack occurs beneath a triangle zone centred on the Golden Mile. The Black Flag Group was deposited in a probable extensional setting, and late extension was also probably more important than previously thought. The granite‐gneiss domes were uplifted by the formation of antiformal thrust stacks at depth beneath them.  相似文献   

Transpiration and plant water relations of evergreen woody vegetation on a recently constructed artificial ecosystem under seasonally dry conditions in Western Australia     

Willis Gwenzi  Erik J. Veneklaas  Timothy M. Bleby  Isa A.M. Yunusa  Christoph Hinz 《水文研究》2012,26(21):3281-3292

Understanding transpiration and plant physiological responses to environmental conditions is crucial for the design and management of vegetated engineered covers. Engineered covers rely on sustained transpiration to reduce the risk of deep drainage into potentially hazardous wastes, thereby minimizing contamination of water resources. This study quantified temporal trends of plant water potential (ψ_p), stomatal conductance (g_s), and transpiration in a 4‐year‐old evergreen woody vegetation growing on an artificial sandy substrate at a mine waste disposal facility. Transpiration averaged 0.7 mm day^?1 in winter, when rainfall was frequent, but declined to 0.2 mm day^?1 in the dry summer, when the plants were quite stressed. In winter, the mean ψ_p was ?0.6 MPa at predawn and ?1.5 MPa at midday, which were much higher than the corresponding summer values of ?2.0 MPa and ?4.8 MPa, respectively. The g_s was also higher in winter (72.1–95.0 mmol m^?2 s^?1) than in summer (<30 mmol m^?2 s^?1), and negatively correlated with ψ_p (p < 0.05, r² = 0.71–0.75), indicating strong stomatal control of transpiration in response to moisture stress. Total annual transpiration (147.2 mm) accounted for only 22% of the annual rainfall (673 mm), compared with 77% to 99% for woody vegetation in Western Australia. The low annual transpiration was attributed to the collective effects of a sparse and young vegetation, low moisture retention of the sandy substrate, and a superficial root system constrained by high subsoil pH. Amending the substrate with fine‐textured materials should improve water storage of the substrate and enhance canopy growth and deep rooting, while further reducing the risk of deep drainage during the early stages of vegetation establishment and in the long term. Overall, this study highlights the need to understand substrate properties, vegetation characteristics, and rainfall patterns when designing artificial ecosystems to achieve specific hydrological functions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献