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11.
Biological marker and kerogen compositional data in Tertiary deltaic and lacustrine settings were compared and contrasted. The two settings are represented by (a) coals and organic-carbon-rich shales in a ick deltaic sequence from the Far East, constituting three distinct organic facies, and (b) humic coals and spropelic oil shales in a restricted intermontane (freshwater) lacustrine sequence from western Montana (U.S.A.), constituting two distinct organic facies. Wedistinguish the organic facies in each depositional setting by systematic differences in gross compound class distributions, kerogen and infrared spectral characteristics, molecular character of pyrolyzates, sterane carbon number distribution and sterane/hopane ratios. The kerogens of the three deltaic organic facies are characterized by varying quantities of vitrinite, resinite, sporinite, cutinite and fluorescent amorphinite. Triterpane distributions reveal numerous terrigenous compounds, including oleanane, oleanenes and unidentified C30 (presumably) resin-derived components. The two organic facies of the freshwater lacustrine setting are distinguishedased upon either a vitrinite or an alganite/fluorescent amorphinite predominance in the kerogen. Numerous characteristics facies-related markers are also present, including dehydroabietane (land plant resins) and 4-methylsteranes (perhaps from freshwater dinoflagellate input). The available molecular and petrographic data are evaluated, and characteristics are proposed for distinguishing five organic facies of these two depositional settings. The successful simultaneous use of molecular geochemistry and organic petrography in this study provides a format for refining the organic facies concept. 相似文献
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环渤海地区三角洲是我国滨海重要的湿地发育区,在淤泥质滩地型湿地上发育着众多的动、植物群落,成为若干珍稀水禽的栖息地。从地面垂直形变与潮位资料等分析,黄河三角洲和辽河三角洲的地面下降速率为3～4mm/a和3.5～4.5mm/a,而相对海平面上升速率为45～5.5mm/a和5～6mm/a,预计至2050年总体的相对海平面上升量可达40～55cm。海平面上升对三角洲湿地的影响首先是直接淹没大片农田、油井和市区,其次是加剧海岸线的侵蚀与后退,还有风暴潮与洪涝灾害的加剧。针对三角洲湿地生态系统所面临的生态风险与人为活动干扰,有必要采取更加科学合理的保护与开发模式。本文介绍了生境更新与湿地调整的管理策略,以及淤长型滨海湿地的滚动开发模式。交替采用“渐进”与“跃进”的滚动开发,可保持湿地总量的动态平衡,有利于三角洲的可持续发展。 相似文献
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Extensive functional group analyses were performed on humic acids representative of eight increasing depth levels from a core drilled in the Mahakam delta (East Kalimantan, Indonesia). Oxygen amounts decrease observed during early diagenesis was related chiefly to loss of hydroxyl (lignol?) groups. Comparison between upper and deeper levels shows the following variations: hydroxyl group abundances go from 19 to 6% of humic oxygen. Identified functional groups amounts represent 47 to 32% of weight of moisture- and ash-free humic acids. No evidence of decarboxylation of humic material was detected. 相似文献
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The organic matter of recent deltaic sediments cored in the Mahakam delta, East Kalimantan, has been studied before and after physical fractionation into sands >50 μm, silts 5–50 μm and clays <5 μm. Both the lipid and non-lipid components have been investigated.Weight, carbon and nitrogen fractionation budgets were used to define three types of samples, depending on coarse particle contributions to the total amount of organic matter: a = a first type with more than 50% of the O.M. in the coarse particles, high C/N ratios and O.M. content, b = an intermediary type with medium C/N ratios and O.M. content, each fraction having quite the same O.M. content, c = a third type with less than 5% of the whole O.M. in the sands and the lowest C/N ratios and O.M. content.Concerning the global organic characteristics of the fractions, a systematic increase of C/N ratios occurs when going from clays to sands; the finer the fraction is, the more nitrogenous the compounds are. This enrichment in nitrogen is related to a persistent high rate of hydrolysable material either for argillaceous organic matter-poor sediments or for the clay fractions of all types of samples. Conversely, the type (a) coarse sediments, in particular the sandy components were resistant to acid hydrolysis with burial.Concerning the geochemical markers signatures of granulometric fractions, the distribution patterns of n-alkanes and n-fatty acids are characterized by the predominance of high molecular weight compounds >C22. Carbon preference index (CPI) values are higher in the sands and silts, reflecting their enrichment in continentally-derived vegetation debris. For type (c), the fractionation revealed markers of microbial activity within the clay fractions. For all types of samples, we observed an increase with burial of the n-alkane and n-fatty acid concentrations, particularly in the clay fractions, suggesting possibly a better preservation and/or affinity of lipids with the finest fractions. 相似文献
15.
海南油田东营三段沉积微相及其与油气的关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
海南油田储层东营组三段为三角洲前缘沉积，发育水下分支河道，分流间，河口砂坝及席状砂等4个微相。其中，以水下分支河道，河口砂坝的油气储集性能为最好，席状砂次之，分流间湾较差。本区沉积微相决定了储层的性质与展布，进而控制油气的储集和分布。储层评价以下部储集层最好（以水下分支河道为主），上部储集层次之（以河口坝及水下分支河道为主），中部储集层较差（以分流间湾，席状砂为主）。 相似文献
16.
Based on analysis of drilling, logging and field profile data, six sequence boundaries in Permian are identified in Bachu and
azhong regions of Tarim Basin. All sequence boundaries are of type Ⅰ sequ... 相似文献
17.
Arsenic in shallow groundwater of Bangladesh: investigations from three different physiographic settings 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
M. Aziz Hasan K. Matin Ahmed Ondra Sracek Prosun Bhattacharya Mattias von Brömssen Sandra Broms Johan Fogelström M. Lutful Mazumder Gunnar Jacks 《Hydrogeology Journal》2007,15(8):1507-1522
Occurrences of arsenic (As) in the Bengal Basin of Bangladesh show close relationships with depositional environments and sediment textures. Hydrochemical data from three sites with varying physiography and sedimentation history show marked variations in redox status and dissolved As concentrations. Arsenic concentration in groundwater of the Ganges Flood Plain (GFP) is characteristically low, where high Mn concentrations indicate redox buffering by reduction of Mn(IV)-oxyhydroxides. Low DOC, \( {\text{HCO}}^{ - }_{3} \), \( {\text{NH}}^{ + }_{4} \) and high \( {\text{NO}}^{ - }_{3} \) and \( {\text{SO}}^{{2 - }}_{4} \) concentrations reflect an elevated redox status in GFP aquifers. In contrast, As concentration in the Ganges Delta Plain (GDP) is very high along with high Fe and low Mn. In the Meghna Flood Plain (MFP), moderate to high As and Fe concentrations and low Mn are detected. Degradation of organic matter probably drives redox reactions in the aquifers, particularly in MFP and GDP, thereby mobilising dissolved As. Speciation calculations indicate supersaturation with respect to siderite and vivianite in the groundwater samples at MFP and GDP, but groundwater in the GFP wells is generally supersaturated with respect to rhodochrosite. Values of log PCO2 at MFP and GDP sites are generally higher than at the GFP site. This is consistent with Mn(IV)-redox buffering suggested at the GFP site compared to Fe(III)-redox buffering at MFP and GDP sites. 相似文献
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东海外陆架EA01孔末次冰期最盛期的三角洲沉积 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：7
对东海 EA 0 1孔 (30°2 2 .96 15′ N、 12 5°4 5 .6 0 5 5′ E)岩心的沉积层序、粒度成分、沉积物年代、底栖有孔虫组合及其沉积环境的研究 ,揭示了东海外陆架末次冰期最盛期的三角洲沉积。钻孔 0 .36～ 2 9.6 5 m为一不完整的进积三角洲沉积层序 ,自下而上依次为前三角洲、河口沙坝和分流间湾的交替沉积 ;末次冰期三角洲的发育 ,表明了冰期低海面时期外陆架上的继承性沉降盆地仍被海水覆盖 ;盆地的区域沉降与海平面的共同作用形成了容纳沉积物的有效空间 ,捕获了河流带来的沉积物而形成三角洲 ,这是河流对海平面变化和构造下沉的响应 ,同时也反映了冰期陆架环境的多样性 相似文献
20.
黄河三角洲进积与滨海湿地地质环境演替模式 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文通过对黄河三角洲5个钻孔岩芯的沉积学观测、微古分析、14C测年,同时结合历史记录及遥感资料,分析了本区末次冰后期以来的沉积序列,重建了近10ka以来古环境演变过程,分析了古环境演化对滨海湿地演替的控制作用。本文着重讨论了黄河三角洲进积与湿地形成演替规律,总结了从水生系统、浅海湿地系统、潮滩湿地直至上三角洲平原湿地向陆地生态系统的演替模式。同时通过对现代黄河三角洲与老黄河三角洲演化模式进行对比,提出气候变化、人类活动会加速和改变湿地地质环境演替进程和方向的一般规律。笔者等还进一步提出,由于人类活动的影响,1855年之后湿地演替速率明显加快,约达8~33倍。古环境的重建与滨海湿地响应机制研究可更清楚地理解湿地如何对未来环境变化进行响应,包括海平面上升,从而为滨海湿地保护与管理实践活动提供科学导向。 相似文献