基于GIS的矿产预测地质解译空间信息集成     

叶水盛  乔金海  叶育鑫  郭利军  蔡红军 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2012,42(4):1214-1222

利用我国海量地质标准基础数据库中的数字地质图和矿产图,通过基于GIS的地质解译空间集成地质信息,将其用于综合信息矿产预测。以地质解译系统对内蒙大兴安岭南段1∶20万成矿预测的应用为案例,阐述地质信息的空间提取与集成过程：首先在建立地质字典库实现地质空间信息共享的基础上,通过矿化密集区对地质模型的分类图层进行空间分析,建立地质成矿空间信息库和图库;然后,基于典型矿床圈定模型单元,通过模型单元与地质成矿空间信息库和图库的空间分析,建立地质找矿模型;最后,基于地质单元对地质成矿空间信息库和图库的二次空间集成,完成预测模型的地质空间信息提取与集成。将本方法应用在银矿案例的综合信息矿产预测靶区评价上,得到可供进一步查证的新增靶区比已知靶区增加了近5倍。  相似文献   

岩石非均质度对其力学性能的影响研究     

罗荣  曾亚武  曹源  黎玲 《岩土力学》2012,33(12):3788-3794

根据非均质岩石参数赋值方法具有随机性的特点,以随机参数的变异系数定义岩石非均质度,推导了Weibull分布参数赋值方法的非均质度计算方法,并与形状参数进行了对比分析;推导了基于矿物细胞元参数赋值方法的岩石非均质度的计算方法;利用上述2种赋值方法研究了岩石非均质度对其力学性能的影响。研究结果表明,利用变异系数定义岩石非均质度是合理的,可用于描述不同非均质岩石模型的非均质程度;非均质岩石的力学特性由细观单元力学特性和其非均质特性共同决定,岩石的非均质性对其极限强度具有弱化影响;对于不同的非均质岩石模型,可建立相同的线性函数关系表示非均质岩石极限强度受其非均质度的影响。  相似文献   

中国东部玄武岩风化土壤的粘土矿物及碳 汇地球化学研究     

都凯  陈旸  季峻峰  李慧  龙晓泳  陈骏 《高校地质学报》2012,18(2):256-272

     玄武岩风化是大气CO2 的一个主要碳汇过程,气候条件是影响玄武岩风化和固碳速率的重要因素。该文选择中国东 部不同气候带的新生代玄武岩典型风化剖面,进行了粘土矿物和常量元素分析。结果显示,在内蒙古-海南岛的采样区间内, 随着气候条件由干冷向暖湿转化,风化剖面中粘土矿物组合呈现蒙脱石+ 伊利石+ 高岭石→蒙脱石+ 高岭石→高岭石+ 三水 铝石的转变。剖面中土壤元素得失状况也显示出相应的规律,由于存在粉尘输入与风化淋滤作用的综合影响,在干冷的内 蒙古地区,粉尘对于Ca,K,Na,Si 等元素的输入量大于这些元素的淋失量;在山东地区,Ca,K,Na 元素开始快速淋失, 大于粉尘的输入量;在苏皖地区,Si 元素的淋失量开始小于粉尘输入量;而在湿热的海南地区,风化作用强烈,Si显示出 大量淋失的特点,碱性元素几乎全部流失。根据元素的相对得失率和北方粉尘平均组分的校正,初步估算了研究区内玄武 岩风化对大气CO2 的消耗速率,其数值在5.37~181.00 t（km2·a）之间,与Dessert 等（2003）的研究结果大致相当。  相似文献   

岩石矿物细胞元随机性参数赋值方法研究     

罗荣  曾亚武 《岩土力学》2012,33(7):2221-2228

数值计算中利用随机分布对各单元赋予不同的物理力学参数来考虑岩石的非均质性,赋值过程是纯随机的,并没有考虑岩石矿物组成的结构特征。故提出一种新的岩石非均质参数赋值方法--岩石矿物细胞元随机性参数赋值方法,基于岩石矿物种类及其含量定义细胞元类别判定区间,利用Monte Carlo方法对各个细胞元进行矿物类别判定,并进行相应的参数赋值,通过各矿物细胞元的随机混合体来描述岩石的非均质性。该方法既考虑了组成岩石的矿物种类及其含量（结构特征）,又考虑了组成矿物在岩石中的随机分布特征。针对矿物分布的随机特征,利用两矿物细胞元混合模型和三矿物细胞元混合模型进行数值试验,研究了矿物细胞元随机分布特征对岩石宏观力学参数的影响。研究结果表明,岩石矿物细胞元随机性参数赋值方法具有结构性和随机性的双重特性,其随机性不依赖于随机参数,岩石宏观力学参数受细胞元随机性特征的影响很小。  相似文献   

青海五龙沟金矿区蚀变矿物光谱特征与找矿应用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

周轶群  胡道功 《地质力学学报》2012,18(3):331-338

使用近红外光谱仪对五龙沟金矿区主要蚀变矿物进行了光谱测试,获得该矿区主要蚀变矿物的光谱数据;同时选择部分具有代表性的样品进行详细的镜下鉴定,并将镜下鉴定结果与野外实测光谱曲线进行对比分析,检查其对五龙沟金矿体矿化蚀变快速检测的有效性和准确度。对比分析结果表明,蚀变分带与矿体吻合较好,对矿化分带具有较好的指示意义,也为该区的金矿勘探提供了依据。   相似文献   

流体的氯含量及其演化：来自岩石含氯矿物的记录     

张灵敏  刘景波 《地学前缘》2012,19(4):206-213

含氯流体是地质作用中重要的流体形式之一。通过含羟基矿物的氯含量来反演流体的组分及其演化是流体研究的一个重要方面。角闪石、黑云母、方柱石和磷灰石是主要的含氯矿物,可以揭示含氯流体与岩石的相互作用。这些矿物的氯含量受平衡流体的成分、温压条件以及自身的晶体化学结构等复杂因素制约。一方面,结合实验确定的热力学数据可以通过矿物氯含量在一定范围内定量计算流体的氯组分;另一方面,也可以根据矿物的氯含量变化特征来反演流体 岩石相互作用过程中流体成分的变化特征,这样的流体成分演化可能反映了特定的地质过程。  相似文献   

Chronology of the Holocene loess-paleosol section and its deposition and pedogenesis on the south of Chinese Loess Plateau     

JIA Yaofeng  HUANG Chunchang  PANG Jiangli  NIU Junjie 《地理学报》2008,18(4):425-442

Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating for polymineral fine-grained loess samples, collected in Laoguantai (LGT) section on the south of the Chinese Loess Plateau, was made by application of single-aliquot regenerative-dose (SAR) protocol. A ‘Double-SAR’ procedure in which aliquots are subjected to both infrared (IR) and blue stimulations was used, and two sets of equivalent dose (De) determinations were produced and assumed to relate predominantly to feldspathic and quartz fine grain populations respectively. The OSL ages estimated from IRSL signals are smaller than those estimated from [post-IR] OSL signals due to the anomalous fading of feldspar IR signals, based on fading experiment. The young ages of the samples near ground surface may be originated from the post-depositional disturbance by the intensifying humanity’s cultivation since 3.0 ka BP in the Guanzhong Basin, south of the Chinese Loess Plateau. Based on OSL dating, as well as field observations and stratigraphic correlation, we determine the chronology of the LGT loess-paleosol sequence. In combination with climate proxy records, it is indicated that aeolian loess deposition and pedogenesis underwent polyphase changes during the Holocene, likely to have been driven by shifts in the East Asian monsoon. This suggests that aeolian loess deposition is episodic and highly variable, with contributions from non-aeolian processes such as alluvial deposition found in the area.  相似文献   

A SUSPENDED SEDIMENT BUDGET OF THE YICHANG-WUHAN REACH OF THE YANGTZE RIVER, CHINA     

JIONGXIN XU 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2008,90(2):173-186

The amount of the sediment deposition in the Yichan-Wuhan reach of the middle Yangtze River (also known as Changjiang River) has been determined using the concept of sediment budget at the channel-reach scale. The fill-scour processes of the middle Yangtze River were studied during the period 1956–1997 in response to the variation in sediment load and flow inputs. The results show that 13.3% of the net input of sediment was deposited in the studied river reach. Since 1956, the output sediment load of the studied reach increased with time to 1981, followed by a decline. The increase in output before 1981 can be related to the man-made bend neck-cutoff which caused a decrease in the sediment load diverted through the 'three outfalls' (i.e. the three distributaries from the Yangtze main stem to the Dongting Lake) and increased the sediment-carrying capacity of the river. Thereby, the river could transport more sediment to the outlet of the studied river reach. The decrease in the sediment load output after 1984 was directly due to the decreased sediment load at Yichang station. Multiple regression equations have been established to assess the contributions of influencing factors to the variation in sediment deposition amount in the studied river reach.  相似文献   

A statistical method for varve verification using seasonal pollen deposition     

Jeannine-Marie St. Jacques  Brian F. Cumming  John P. Smol 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2008,40(2):733-744

We developed a fast, inexpensive, statistically rigorous method of varve verification that uses prospective varve layer-splitting and seasonal pollen deposition. This method can be used on any sediment that contains seasonally deposited pollen, and avoids the need for radio-isotopic, optical, or thermoluminescence dating. The method uses a χ² test and non-parametric regression, together with recorded plant bloom times from pollen traps, to assess the differences in pollen abundances in light/dark (i.e. summer/winter-spring) sediment layers. A statistical test is required because such seasonally deposited data are inherently noisy, with a low signal-to-noise ratio. To illustrate this approach, visible laminations of Lake Mina, Minnesota, USA, were assessed in two separate regions of a core spanning 900 years. Results show that the laminations were deposited annually.  相似文献   

Landscape-scale patterns of sediment sulfur accumulation in Swedish lakes     

Richard Bindler  Maria Wik-Persson  Ingemar Renberg 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2008,39(1):61-70

Sulfur has played a central role in the acidification of many lakes in Scandinavia and other regions. As part of the research into sulfur cycling, numerous studies have analyzed the sediment record in order to develop insights into past in-lake cycling of sulfur, particularly in the context of reconstructing past deposition rates. Although many of these studies have shown that it is not easy to interpret the sediment record in terms of past sulfur deposition rates, analyses of sulfur in sediment still provide valuable information on the response of lakes to anthropogenic sulfur deposition. Here, we have analyzed sulfur in top and bottom samples from short surface cores (25–35 cm, representing ≥250 years) as well as bulk cores from ∼110 lakes located throughout Sweden, which were collected during 1986, as well as in more-detailed profiles from six lakes. The lakes with the highest surface sediment concentrations (9–24 mg S g⁻¹ dry mass) and the highest calculated inventories of ‘excess’ sulfur (20–180 g S m⁻²) are found in southern Sweden and around one industrial area along the northeastern coast where sulfur deposition rates and lake-water concentrations have been highest. For many lakes in the central and northern inland region it is common that the sediment cores exhibit either no enrichment or even a decline in sulfur concentrations in near-surface sediments, which we suggest was the pre-pollution norm for lakes. Although interpreting sulfur sediment profiles is problematic for reconstructing deposition, a more-comprehensive spatial sampling approach shows that there is a good geographic agreement between sulfur deposition, lake-water chemistry and sediment sulfur accumulation.  相似文献