A novel hysteresis model in unsaturated soil     

Han‐Chen Huang  Yih‐Chi Tan  Chen‐Wuing Liu  Chu‐Hui Chen 《水文研究》2005,19(8):1653-1665

This study presents a novel hysteresis model based on van Genuchten's soil‐moisture relationships. The proposed model yields a series of closed‐form relationships in which two shape factors α and η are determined from the main drying and wetting curves. Experimental and literature‐cited data were used to assess model accuracy. The proposed model was also compared with the Scott and KP models. Analytical results indicate that the present model is simple, accurate and effective in constructing the series of wetting and drying scanning curves. Notably, the proposed model outperforms the Scott and KP models in terms of model accuracy. Moreover, the novel model eliminates the pumping effect and has perfect closure at scanning curve reversal points. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Analysis of the water content in an unconfined aquifer with a partially penetrated pumping well     

Jiann‐Mou Chen 《水文研究》2008,22(26):5037-5047

Most methods developed to represent water flow phenomena in an unconfined aquifer with a fully penetrated pumping well are either numerical, such as the well‐known FEMWTER model, or experimental; analytical models of a partially penetrated pumping well are rare. This study employs the linearized Richards equation as the governing equation, with the aid of Fourier Integral Transformation, to obtain an analytical solution of the water content distribution in an unconfined aquifer with a partially penetrated pumping well. The results from this study could serve to substantiate in some sense results from numerical models. In addition, the theory developed herein can be modified to simulate a vacuum‐pressured pumping well since it is derived by considering, among others, the location and length of a well screen with fluxes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

冬季婆罗洲岛西北沿岸上升流的时空特征及机理研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

YAN Yunwei  LING Zheng  CHEN Changlin 《海洋学报(英文版)》2015,34(1):3-10

Winter coastal upwelling off northwest Borneo in the South China Sea(SCS) is investigated by using satellite data, climatological temperature and salinity fields and reanalysis data. The upwelling forms in December, matures in January, starts to decay in February and almost disappears in March. Both Ekman transport induced by the alongshore winter monsoon and Ekman pumping due to orographic wind stress curl are favorable for the upwelling. Transport estimates demonstrate that the month-to-month variability of Ekman transport and Ekman pumping are both consistent with that of winter coastal upwelling, but Ekman transport is two times larger than Ekman pumping in January and February. Under the influence of El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation(ENSO), the upwelling shows remarkable interannual variability: during winter of El Ni?o(La Ni?a) years, an anticyclonic(a cyclonic) wind anomaly is established in the SCS, which behaves a northeasterly(southwesterly) anomaly and a positive(negative) wind stress curl anomaly off the northwest Borneo coast, enhancing(reducing) the upwelling and causing anomalous surface cooling(warming) and higher(lower) chlorophyll concentration. The sea surface temperature anomaly(SSTA) associated with ENSO off the northwest Borneo coast has an opposite phase to that off southeast Vietnam, resulting in a SSTA seesaw pattern in the southern SCS in winter.  相似文献   

抽水试验在城市轨道交通工程勘察中的运用          下载免费PDF全文

李建红 《地质找矿论丛》2022,37(1):125-128

地下工程建设中不可避免地遇到地下水的控制问题,正确的水文地质参数是准确预测基坑涌水量进而进行地下水控制的前提.文章以郑州地铁5号线经开第八大街站的现场抽水试验为基础,通过1个抽水试验孔、2个观测孔进行了 3个不同水位降深的抽水试验,以更精确地确定含水层的水文地质参数,为深基坑地下水控制设计和施工提供重要的基础数据,对类...  相似文献   

广州金沙洲广州大学附属实验学校地面沉降形成机理研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄健民  郑小战  陈小月  吕镁娜  陈建新 《热带地理》2012,32(4):338-343

依据地下水动态监测、地面沉降监测和地质钻探的成果,综合研究广州市金沙洲广州大学附属实验学校地面沉降地带的地质构造、人类工程活动特征、岩土体类型、第四系厚度、地层与岩石等因素对地面沉降的影响,分析研究区内地面沉降的动态演变特征。结果表明:脆弱的地质环境条件是广州大学附属实验学校地面沉降形成的内在因素,开挖基坑、桩基础施工及抽排地下水是地面沉降形成的外在因素。在此基础上,得出学校地面沉降是因软土层在抽排地下水及地面附加荷载的共同作用下产生排水固结的结果。  相似文献   

多层抽水试验地下水位动态与同位素浅析——以衡水试验为例     

刘鹏飞  刘少玉  靳盛海  韩双平  王哲  周晓妮  宋淑红 《地理与地理信息科学》2012,28(3):87-92

针对不同深度含水层,揭示其富水性,探讨地下水资源可恢复性、可利用性和浅层劣质水改造利用可能性。以国土资源部衡水地下水试验场为依托,在详细调查试验场影响区地下水开发利用状况、监测地下水年动态基础上,开展分层抽水试验和水化学同位素采样。通过对大量抽水水位动态数据过程、局部流场特征和水化学同位素的分析,得出结论:该区农业为影响地下水水位的主控因素;含水层系统承压性、补给强度从下到上分别呈减弱、增强趋势,除浅层外各含水层渗透性较强;各含水层渗流强度及方向不同等。提出实现地下水可持续开发利用建议:对浅层地下咸水适时进行抽咸换淡、混灌轮灌改造利用;170m、300m强含水层作为工农业用水主要开采层,深层地下水主要用于生活用水;按照水量平衡、分质用水原则开发地下水。  相似文献   

The effect of surface friction on the development of tropical cyclones     

方娟  汤剑平  伍荣生 《大气科学进展》2009,26(6):1146-1156

When tropical cyclones (hereafter referred as TCs) are over the ocean, surface friction plays a dual role in the development of TCs. From the viewpoint of water vapor supply, frictional convergence and Ekman pumping provide a source of moisture for organized cumulus convection and is propitious to the spin-up of TCs. On the other hand, surface friction leads to a dissipation of kinetic energy that impedes the intensification of TCs. Which role is dominant in the developing stage of TCs is a controversial issue. In the present work, the influence of surface friction on the growth of TCs is re-examined in detail by conducting two sets of numerical experiments initialized with different cyclonic disturbances. Results indicate that, because of the inherent complexities of TCs, the impact of surface friction on the evolution of TCs can not be simply boiled down to being positive or negative. In the case that a TC starts from a low-level vortex with a warm core, surface friction and the resultant vertical motion makes an important contribution to the convection in the early developing stage of the TC by accelerating the build-up of convective available potential energy (CAPE) and ensuring moisture supply and the lifting of air parcels. This effect is so prominent that it dominates the friction-induced dissipation and makes surface friction a facilitative factor in the spin-up of the TC. However, for a TC formed from a mesoscale convective vortex (MCV) spawned in a long-lasting mesoscale convective system (MCS), the initial fields, and especially the low-level humidity and cold core, enable the prerequisites of convection (i.e., conditional instability, moisture, and lifting), to be easily achieved even without the help of boundary-layer pumping induced by surface friction. Accordingly, the reliance of the development of TCs on surface friction is not as heavy as that derived from a low-level vortex. The positive effect of surface friction on the development of TCs realized through facilitating favorable conditions for convection is nearly cancelled out by the friction-induced dissipation. However, as SST is enhanced in the latter case, the situation may be changed, and different development speeds may emerge between model TCs with and without surface friction considered. In short, owing to the fact that TC development is a complicated process affected by many factors such as initial perturbations, SST, etc., the importance of surface friction to the intensification of TCs may vary enormously from case to case.  相似文献   

ENSO对江西省春季降水的影响     

吴珊珊  邹海波  胡菊芳 《气象与减灾研究》2010,33(3):16-21

利用江西省83个站1970—2010年春季(3—5月)降水资料和NOAA的Ni觡o 3.4区海表温度资料,分析了ENSO事件对江西省春季降水的影响。结果表明,ENSO在衰亡年对江西省春季降水有显著的影响,ElNi觡o衰亡年春季江西地区降水偏多,易发生暴雨天气过程,江西北部和南部降水偏多最为显著;La Ni觡a衰亡年春季江西地区降水偏少,不易发生暴雨天气过程,江西东南部降水偏少最为显著。结合对应天气形势分析发现,El Ni觡o(La Ni觡a)衰亡年春季低层(850 hPa)南海的水汽输送偏强(偏弱)、上升运动偏强(偏弱)以及高层(200 hPa)辐散抽吸偏强(偏弱),是造成江西地区降水偏多(偏少)的主要原因。  相似文献   

瓦斯抽放站防雷设计方案     

朱新民  王瑞  贺贇  李计萍  卫晋芳 《山西气象》2009,(3):27-31

瓦斯抽放站是易燃易爆场所,属于第二类防雷建筑物,瓦斯放空管是存在连续级释放源的区域,属于爆炸危险区域的0区,为一类防雷。因此我们要做好瓦斯抽放站的防雷防静电措施,确保瓦斯抽放站及煤矿生产的安全运行。本文从雷电危害人手,针对瓦斯抽放站的不同区域及雷击的几种类型,依据相关规范技术标准,对瓦斯抽放站的防雷方案进行了设计。  相似文献   

多层位超深试验观测井施工技术          下载免费PDF全文

陶天才  石玲娣 《探矿工程》2010,37(3):24-26

鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘,白垩系志丹群的6个岩组分布俱全,地质与水文地质信息丰富。介绍了位于该区的具有勘探与长观双重意义,集全孔段取心、四层分层抽水试验、三层长期观测于一井的B5号井的井身结构设计和施工工艺。通过B5号多层位超深试验观测井的施工,证明了一井多用途的经济性和可能性,积累了多层位超深观测井施工经验,为整个鄂尔多斯盆地水文地质调查起到了示范作用。  相似文献