Structural characteristics and active time of the Kangmar detachment,southern TibetEI北大核心CSCD     

Wang X.  Zhang J.  Yan S.  Liu J. 《大地构造与成矿学》2015,(2):250-259

The Kangmar gneiss dome, typical of the north Himalayan gneiss domes, is composed of three tectono- lithologic units separated by an upper and a lower detachment fault (Kangmar detachment fault). The low-grade metamorphic Tethyan Himalayan sedimentary sequence formed the upper unit above the brittle upper detachment fault. The mylonitic granites and two-mica granites made up the lower unit beneath the ductile lower detachment fault. The mylonitc middle-grade garnet two-mica schist and biotite-plagioclase gneiss constituted the middle unit inbetween the two detachment faults and were involved in the ductile deformation of the Kangmar detachment fault. The meso- and micro-scale structural analyses on the tectonites from the detachment fault zone indicated that the Kangmar detachment fault experienced a top-down-to-north shear. Integrating macro-/micro-analyses of petrology and mineralogy, this study adopts 40Ar/39Ar dating method to constrain the active time of the Kangmar detachment fault. Analyses of the syn-deformation muscovite from the mylonitic garnet two-mica schist yield a 40Ar/39Ar plateau age of 13.23±0.15 Ma, representing the active time of the Kangmar detachment fault. The chronological result hints that the Kangmar detachment was synchronous with the south Tibet detachment systems to the south and was probably part of the south Tibet detachment systems exposed in the Tethyan Himalayan sedimentary sequence. However, this hypothesis needs from the supports of more geological and geophysical evidence. ©, 2015, Science Press. All right reserved.  相似文献   

Water repellency as run‐off and soil detachment controlling factor in a dry‐Mediterranean hillslope (South of Spain)     

Juan Francisco Martínez‐Murillo  Jos Damin Ruiz‐Sinoga 《水文研究》2010,24(15):2137-2142

This study examines the effect of water repellency on controlling temporal variability of runoff generation mechanisms and soil detachment on metamorphic derived soils under dry‐Mediterranean climate. The research is carried out in an unburnt Mediterranean hillslope in souther Spain characterized by a patchy vegetation pattern and shallow soils. The Water Drop Penetration Time test (WDPT) is applied to measure water repellency at the end of summer (Sep‐2008), mid autumn (Nov‐2008) and mid winter (Feb‐2009). Rainfall simulations were used to obtain runoff generation and soil detachment in the same periods of time. The main shrub specie is Cistus monspeliensis which leaves a load of litter during the summer due to the lack of water. This great amount of organic material is accumulated under the shrubs triggering an extreme water repellence (WDPT > 6,000 s) that limits infiltration processes. This process is enforced due to the low soil water content at the end of dry season. Certain water repellency (WDPT > 1,500 s) is also observed on bare soil as consequence of their sandier texture and the accumulation of annual plants which die at the end of the wet season. Soil moisture increases during the autumn and water repellency disappears in both shrub and bare soil at the middle of the wet season (WDPT < 5 s). The main consequence is that the temporal trend of water repellency controls the mechanism and frequency of runoff generation and, hence, soil detachment. At the end of the summer, Hortonian mechanisms predominates when water repellency is extreme, even in soils under Cistus monspeliensis where runoff generation can reach higher peaks of overland flow and sediment concentration. Conversely, only the saturation of soil could generate runoff during the wet season being this quite less frequent in bare soil and absent in shrub. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Metamorphic history of a syn‐convergent orogen‐parallel detachment: The South Tibetan detachment system,Bhutan Himalaya     

D. A. KELLETT  D. GRUJIC  C. WARREN  J. COTTLE  R. JAMIESON  T. TENZIN 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2010,28(8):785-808

The South Tibetan detachment system (STDS) in the Himalayan orogen is an example of normal‐sense displacement on an orogen‐parallel shear zone during lithospheric contraction. Here, in situ monazite U(–Th)–Pb geochronology is combined with metamorphic pressure and temperature estimates to constrain pressure–temperature–time (P–T–t) paths for both the hangingwall and footwall rocks of a Miocene ductile component of the STDS (outer STDS) now exposed in the eastern Himalaya. The outer STDS is located south of a younger, ductile/brittle component of the STDS (inner STDS), and is characterized by structurally upward decreasing metamorphic grade corresponding to a transition from sillimanite‐bearing Greater Himalayan sequence rocks in the footwall with garnet that preserves diffusive chemical zoning to staurolite‐bearing Chekha Group rocks in the hangingwall, with garnet that records prograde chemical zoning. Monazite ages indicate that prograde garnet growth in the footwall occurred prior to partial melting at 22.6 ± 0.4 Ma, and that peak temperatures were reached following c. 20.5 Ma. In contrast, peak temperatures were reached in the Chekha Group hangingwall by c. 22 Ma. Normal‐sense (top‐to‐the‐north) shearing in both the hangingwall and footwall followed peak metamorphism from c. 23 Ma until at least c. 16 Ma. Retrograde P–T–t paths are compatible with modelled P–T–t paths for an outer STDS analogue that is isolated from the inner STDS by intervening extrusion of a dome of mid‐crustal material.  相似文献   

Deterministic chaos in frictional wedges revealed by convergence analysis     

B.C.L. Mary  B. Maillot  Y.M. Leroy 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2013,37(17):3036-3051

A triangular wedge, composed of a frictional material such as sand, and accreting additional material at its front, is the classical prototype for accretionary wedges and fold‐and‐thrust belts. A simplified method is proposed to capture the internal deformation of this structure resulting from a large number of faulting events during compression. The method combines the application of the kinematic approach of limit analysis to predict the optimum thrust‐fold and a set of geometrical rules to update the geometry accordingly, at each increment of shortening. It is shown that the structure topography remains approximately planar with a slope predicted by the critical Coulomb wedge theory. Failure by faulting occurs anywhere within the wedge at criticality, and its exact position is sensitive to topographic perturbations resulting from the deformation history. The convergence analysis in terms of the shortening increments and of the topography discretization reveals that the timing and the position of a single faulting event cannot be predicted. The convergence is achieved nevertheless in terms of the statistics of the distribution of the faulting events throughout the structure and during the entire deformation history. It is these two convergence properties that are presented to justify the claim that these compressed frictional wedges are imperfection sensitive, chaotic systems. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Extensional deformation of post ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism and exhumation process of ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks in the Dabie massif, China   总被引：27，自引：0，他引：27  

SUO Shutian  ZHONG Zengqiu  YOU Zhendong 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2000,43(3):225-236

A detailed tectonic analysis demonstrates that the present observed regional tectonic configuration of the ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic terrane in the Dabie massif was mainly formed by the extension processes of the post-Indosinian continent-continent oblique collision between the Sino-Korean and Yangtze cratons and ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism (UHPM). The configuration is characterized by a regional tectonic pattern similar to metamorphic core complexes and by the development of multi-layered detachment zones. On the basis of the identification of compressional and extensional fabrics, it is indicated that the exhumation and uplift of ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic rocks from the mantle depth to the surface can be divided into at least three different decompression retrogressive metamorphism and tectonic deformation stages, in which the subhorizontal crustal-scale extensional flow in the middle-lower crust under amphibolite facies conditions is an important geodynamic process in the exhumation of UHP metamorphic rocks. Moreover, the extensional flow is probably driven by delamination and magmatic underplating of thickened lithospheric mantle following the continental oblique collision.  相似文献   

构造平衡分析及其对前陆褶皱冲断带构造极性的制约:以浙西北地区为例          下载免费PDF全文

肖文交  李继亮  孙枢  陈海泓 《地质科学》2000,35(3):257-266

应用多级平衡恢复原则,对浙西北地区褶皱-冲断构造样式及其组合进行缩短量计算与分析,同时,对前陆褶皱冲断带的变形缩短量和前陆盆地的缩短量及其二者关系进行了探讨,表明后者包容于前者之中.平衡缩短量与构造样式空间展布关系的研究表明前陆褶皱冲断带蕴含了递进变形的复杂过程,记录了造山作用及其挤压变形从初始→发展→顶峰→尾声的连续过程.综合分析表明缩短量自南东向北西呈递减趋势,即向前陆方向缩短量减少,与应变状态向前陆方向减弱是协调一致的.构造平衡及其综合分析是浙西北前陆褶皱冲断带向北西的构造极性的主要制约因素之一.  相似文献   

洛阳盆地的负反转构造     

孙自明 《河南国土资源》2001,(3)

以地表地质和勘探地震资料为基础 ,对洛阳盆地的负反转构造进行了研究。负反转构造的形成受洛阳盆地构造演化阶段的控制 ,并受宜阳—洛宁断裂的制约 :负反转构造仅在宜阳—洛宁断裂下降盘发育 ,反转强度具有自东向西逐渐减小并直至消失的趋势。负反转构造的出现不利于该区油气大规模运移聚集  相似文献   

Inverted metamorphic sequence in the Sikkim Himalayas: crystallization history, P–T gradient and implications     

S. Dasgupta  J. Ganguly  S. Neogi 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2004,22(5):395-412

The metapelitic rocks of the Sikkim Himalayas show an inverted metamorphic sequence (IMS) of the complete Barrovian zones from chlorite to sillimanite + K‐feldspar, with the higher grade rocks appearing at progressively higher structural levels. Within the IMS, four groups of major planar structures, S₁, S₂ and S₃ were recognised. The S₂ structures are pervasive throughout the Barrovian sequence, and are sub‐parallel to the metamorphic isograds. The mineral growth in all zones is dominantly syn‐S₂. The disposition of the metamorphic zones and structural features show that the zones were folded as a northerly plunging antiform. Significant bulk compositional variation, with consequent changes of mineralogy, occurs even at the scale of a thin section in some garnet zone rocks. The results of detailed petrographic and thermobarometric studies of the metapelites along a roughly E–W transect show progressive increase of both pressure and temperature with increasing structural levels in the entire IMS. This is contrary to all models that call for thermal inversion as a possible reason for the origin of the IMS. Also, the observation of the temporal relation between crystallization and S₂ structures is problematic for models of post‐/late‐metamorphic tectonic inversion by recumbent folding or thrusting. A successful model of the IMS should explain the petrological coherence of the Barrovian zones and the close relationship of crystallization in each zone with S₂ planar structures along with the observed trend(s) of P–T variation in Sikkim and in other sections. A discussion is presented of some of the available models that, with some modifications, seem to be capable of explaining these observations.  相似文献   

论杨绛散文《我们仨》的古典意味   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄小红 《广东海洋大学学报》2005,25(2):94-99

杨绛的长篇散文《我们仨》含有浓郁的古典意味,一是淡泊功利的人格精神,表现在我们仨对家的相聚相守以及酷爱读书勤奋治学,这三者是他们的精神支柱,推动他们走向高远超凡的境界。二是平和素朴的语言风格,平和即和谐、中和,杨绛最善于把各种对立的因素和谐地统一起来,达到恰到好处的理想状态。三是和哀而不伤的抒情笔调,通过情景交融古典手法,分载过于深重的死别的悲情,把丰富复杂的情感寓于景中,通过意象比喻、象征、暗示,尽显古典文化的韵味。  相似文献   

Evidence for an inverted metamorphic gradient associated with a Precambrian suture, southern Wyoming     

E.M. DUEBENDORFER 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1988,6(1):41-63

Abstract An inverted metamorphic gradient associated with the northern mylonite zone of the Cheyenne belt, a deeply eroded Precambrian suture in southern Wyoming, has been documented within metasedimentary rocks of the Early Proterozoic Snowy Pass Supergroup. Metamorphic grade in the steeply dipping supracrustal sequence increases from the chlorite through the biotite, garnet, and staurolite zones both stratigraphically and structurally upward toward the northern mylonite zone. A minimum temperature increase of approximately 100° C over a km-wide zone is required for this transition. Parallelism of inverted isograds with the trace of the northern mylonite zone implies a genetic relationship between deformation associated with that zone and the inverted metamorphic gradient within the Snowy Pass Supergroup. Field evidence together with microstructural and petrofabric analysis indicate northward thrusting of amphibolite-grade rocks over rocks of the Snowy Pass Supergroup along the northern mylonite zone. Mineral equilibria and garnet-biotite geothermometry on synkinematic mineral assemblages within the Snowy Pass metasedimentary rocks indicate deformation at minimum temperatures of 480° C and pressures of 350–400 MPa (3°5–4°0 kbar). This implies tectonic burial or upper plate thickness of 13–15 km. The narrow character of metamorphic zonation and microtextures within the Snowy Pass Supergroup which indicate late synkine-matic growth of garnet and staurolite, preclude rotation of pre-existing isograds by folding as a mechanism for development of the inverted gradient. Conductive transport of heat from the upper into the lower plate across the originally low-angle thrust is insufficient to produce the necessary temperatures in the lower plate. Shear heating is considered insufficient to produce the observed metamorphic transition unless high shear stresses are postulated. Up-dip advection of metamorphic fluids is a feasible, but unproven, mechanism for heat transport. The possibility that rapid uplift due to stacking of several thrust sheets may have played a role in preserving the inverted metamorphic gradient cannot be evaluated at present.  相似文献