Impact of early dolomitization on multi-scale petrophysical heterogeneities and fracture intensity of low-porosity platform carbonates (Albian-Cenomanian,southern Apennines,Italy)     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2016

Petrographic, petrophysical and fracture analyses were carried out on middle Cretaceous platform carbonates of the southern Apennines (Italy) that represent an outcrop analogue of the Val d’Agri and Tempa Rossa reservoirs of the Basilicata region. The studied outcrops, which are made of interlayered limestones and dolomites of inner platform environment, were selected to study the impact of dolomitization on reservoir properties and the control of dolomite texture on fracture development. Two types of dolomites – both formed during very early diagenesis – were found interlayered, at a metre scale, with micrite-rich limestones (mainly mudstones and wackestones). Dolomite A is fine-to medium crystalline and makes non-planar mosaics. Dolomite B is coarse-crystalline and makes planar-s and planar-e mosaics. The intercrystalline space of the planar-e subtype of dolomite B is either open or filled by un-replaced micrite or by late calcite or saddle dolomite cement. Dolomite A and dolomite B have similar average porosities of 3.7 and 3.1% respectively, which are significantly higher than the average porosity of limestones (1.4%). Their poro-perm relationships are similar, with the notable exception of planar-e type B dolomites, which generally display higher permeability values.The intensity of top bounded fractures is distinctly lower in coarse-crystalline dolomites than in fine-crystalline dolomites and limestones, both at the macro- and the micro-scale. On the other hand neither lithology (i.e. limestone vs. dolomite) nor dolomite crystal size control the intensity of perfect bed-bounded fractures, which is strictly controlled by the fracture layer thickness.Our results provide information that could be used as guidance for the characterization and modelling of fractured carbonate reservoirs made of interlayered limestones and dolomites.  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地姬源—陇东地区三叠系延长组长7段致密储层成岩作用     

宋平  李文厚  卢进才  顾端阳  秦彩虹  李兆雨 《地质通报》2016,35(203):415-423

鄂尔多斯盆地姬源—陇东地区三叠系延长组长7段致密储层主要为发育在深湖亚相中的浊积岩,部分为三角洲前缘亚相中的水下分流河道砂体。前人对致密储层成岩作用的研究较少,需弄清成岩作用对致密储层孔隙发育的影响。通过铸体薄片与扫描电镜对大量钻井取心样品进行观察与分析,认为影响研究区长7段致密储层孔隙类型与规模的成岩作用主要包括压实压溶作用、胶结作用与溶解作用3种类型,压实作用是储层致密的主要因素,特别是发育在三角洲前缘分流间湾和浊积扇边缘的薄层砂体,在压力作用下更易受到泥岩排出孔隙水的影响,形成方解石胶结。伊利石胶结与方解石胶结进一步使得储层致密。少量的绿泥石薄膜成为残余粒间孔保留与包裹岩屑颗粒后期溶蚀的基础,溶蚀作用是研究区储层孔隙形成的主要作用。成岩作用的研究为储层物性的研究提供了进一步依据。  相似文献   

三角洲前缘厚层砂岩孔隙结构及微观渗流特征——以吴仓堡地区长6储层为例     

张振红  朱静  余芳  李成  汪伶俐  李文厚 《地质通报》2016,35(203):440-447

依据薄片、压汞、扫描电镜、物性分析及油水驱替实验资料,对吴仓堡地区三角洲前缘亚相长6厚层砂岩储层的岩石学特征、孔渗特征、孔隙结构特征、成岩作用、微观渗流特征等进行深入研究,分析影响储层储集性能的主控因素。结果表明,受东北物源控制的长6厚层砂岩储层具有成分成熟度中等、结构成熟度较好的特点,储集空间主要为残余粒间孔和粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔,为典型中低孔、特低渗储集层;储层储集性能主要受沉积微相和成岩作用控制。对储层发育影响最大的成岩期位于中成岩A期,中等压实－粘土膜胶结残余粒间孔发育成岩相和弱压实-残余粒间孔+溶蚀孔隙发育成岩相是最有利储层发育的成岩相带。根据微观渗流特征,可划分出4种驱油类型,微观孔隙结构比宏观物性更能反映储层的本质特征。  相似文献   

北京下苇甸剖面张夏组鲕粒特征及其白云化机制   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郭芪恒  金振奎  朱小二  王金艺 《现代地质》2018,32(4):766

北京下苇甸剖面张夏组作为华北寒武系的标准剖面之一,鲜有人对其中的鲕粒类型及其成岩作用进行细致研究。在充分调研前人研究的基础上,通过野外观察、实测,并结合室内薄片鉴定、XRD测试等技术,对下苇甸剖面张夏组的鲕粒类型进行总结,并对鲕粒白云化机制进行分析。结果显示：(1)下苇甸张夏组鲕粒类型主要为放射鲕、同心放射鲕及单晶鲕/多晶鲕,还有少量同心鲕、复鲕及藻鲕;(2)鲕粒发生白云化,填隙物未见白云化,且放射圈层白云化程度高于同心圈层,并且放射圈层白云石颗粒围绕核心呈放射状分布,同心圈层围绕核心呈同心状分布;(3)鲕粒内部白云石颗粒多为中细晶,自形-半自形,回流渗透白云化是造成鲕粒白云化的主要成因,因此造成亮晶鲕粒石灰岩白云化程度高于灰泥鲕粒石灰岩。  相似文献   

Meteoric diagenesis and dedolomite fabrics in precursor primary dolomicrite in a mixed carbonate–evaporite system     

《Sedimentology》2018,65(6):1827-1858

Dedolomitization is a common diagenetic process in shallow burial environments and is often associated with sulphates in mixed carbonate‐evaporite successions. In these settings, elevated Ca²⁺/Mg²⁺ ratios necessary for dedolomitization result from the dissolution of sulphate phases by the incursion of undersaturated groundwater. Reported dedolomite textures from other studies are varied, but the most prevalent is a rhombic texture interpreted to result from the partial to complete pseudomorphic replacement of secondary dolomite rhombs formed in the burial diagenetic realm. In this study of primary cryptocrystalline to finely crystalline dolomicrites in the Prairie Evaporite Formation of north‐eastern Alberta, dedolomitization has resulted in sutured to loosely packed mosaics of dedolomite that range from subhedral to distinctly euhedral (rhombic) crystal fabrics; however, no prior aggrading neomorphism producing dolomite rhombs is evident in the precursor dolomicrites. Non‐pseudomorphic dedolomitization of the dolomicrites results in textures that include rhombic dedolomite crystals with cloudy cores comprising remnant dolomicrite and clear rims. These textures are similar to those observed in the pseudomorphic dedolomitization of secondary dolomite rhombs. The Prairie Evaporite Formation of north‐eastern Alberta has experienced extensive karstification near the erosional margin of the sedimentary succession. Dedolomitization of dolomicrites occurs in marker beds within the Prairie Evaporite succession associated with evaporite karstification. Along with stratigraphic and petrographic considerations, stable isotope results support the interpretation of a shallow dedolomitization event influenced by meteoric waters derived from the basin margin. Negative δ ¹⁸O and low δ ¹³C values (averages of −13·6‰_VPDB and 0·5‰_VPDB, respectively) of the dedolomite, compared with those of the primary dolomicrite (averages of −6·0‰_VPDB and 1·2‰_VPDB, respectively), point to isotopically light diagenetic fluids. These results show that rhombic dedolomite textures can form through shallow, non‐pseudomorphic dedolomitization of dolomicrites by meteoric fluids in the presence of sulphates, with resulting textures that are similar to the pseudomorphic dedolomitization of secondary dolomite rhombs.  相似文献   

准中1区三工河组二段低孔渗储层特征及主控因素     

李圣  王国芝  李娜  刘定坤 《世界地质》2018,37(3):873-881

通过岩芯观察、测井和录井资料、铸体薄片观察,研究准中1区三工河组二段储层特征及致密化因素。研究表明,储层砂体发育于水下分流河道、河口砂坝和远沙坝;储集岩以长石岩屑砂岩、岩屑砂岩为主;储集空间以次生溶孔为主,含少量原生孔隙,为孔缝型储层。储层受原生沉积相和后生成岩作用改造的双重控制。强烈的压实作用、钙质胶结是导致储层致密的主要因素,后期深埋溶蚀则是储层得以改造的关键控制因素。优质储层主要发育于水下分流河道,表现为粗粒、弱压实、弱钙质胶结、强溶蚀微观特征。  相似文献   

蓟县中、新元古界的成岩作用——源于矿物学的数据     

王河锦  陈梦瑶  安佳丽  王冠玉  晏玉 《地质学报》2021,95(5):1469-1480

本文运用系列黏土矿物学和碳酸盐结构占位的方法研究了蓟县中、新元古界剖面出露的碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩.这些方法包括了伊利石结晶度、绿泥石结晶度、黏土矿物组合、粒度分布、多型、有序度、Mg/Ca离子占位以及地质温压计.结果表明:伊利石结晶度Kübler指数范围为0.37°～1.37°Δ2θ,绿泥石结晶度árkai指数范围为0.31°～2.40°Δ2θ,以及1Md的多型,一致指示本区处于晚期成岩作用影响范围,仅非常有限局部达到了初始变质的状态;黏土矿物组合主要是伊利石、伊蒙混层、绿蒙混层和高岭石;粒度分布范围为8～24 nm,其上界(23～24 nm)达到了NEWMOD计算的理论成岩带/近变质带界限,与结晶度数据一致,也表明了本区处于晚期成岩阶段.白云石有序度的数据表明,本区碳酸盐岩白云石的有序度值范围为0.19～0.99,可分为4个带:甚低级有序带、低级有序带、中级有序带、高级有序带.与川东石炭-二叠系碳酸盐岩相比,中低级有序带有一定的油气前景.本区由西向东,由甚低级有序带变化到高级有序带,白云石有序度升高.估计的成岩作用温度为183～200±20℃,压力为330 MPa,古地热梯度为17～21℃/km.  相似文献   

二连盆地额仁淖尔凹陷下白垩统湖相云质岩优质储层特征及控制因素     

魏巍  朱筱敏  朱世发  何明薇  孙书洋  王名巍 《地学前缘》2021,28(1):214-224

二连盆地多个凹陷的下白垩统均发育一套湖相白云岩。它不仅是一个重要的地层对比标志层,还是一套有效的储集层。这套储层孔隙结构复杂,非均质性强。寻找优质储层是油气勘探的关键。研究以二连额仁淖尔凹陷的下白垩统湖相云质岩为研究对象,研究了云质岩储层的储层特征和成因。本次研究采用岩心观察、岩石学、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射、稳定碳氧同位素地球化学等多种方法,进而了解储层的岩石学、成岩特征及其对储层物性的影响。为了深入分析云质岩的储层特征,将云质岩分为三种类型:云质粉砂岩、云质沉凝灰岩和云质泥岩。云质粉砂岩常与云质/钙质泥岩相邻。白云石的主要特征是微晶结构、填充粒间孔隙或取代基质或方解石胶结物。云质粉砂岩物性较好,平均孔隙度为10.2%,渗透率为1.03 mD,属于低-超低孔特低渗储层。除了白云石化外,方解石胶结作用是降低储层孔隙度和渗透率的主要因素。有机酸的溶蚀作用主要发生在凝灰质矿物中,常见于与云质沉凝灰岩相邻的云质粉砂岩,形成粒内和粒间溶孔。云质沉凝灰岩常与泥岩、粉砂岩互层,主要发育前扇三角洲亚相。白云石以微晶为主,方解石以细晶粗晶为主。它们以团块的形式分布在凝灰质基质中。云质沉凝灰岩的平均孔隙度和渗透率分别为9.85%和0.34 mD,属于特低孔特低渗储层。储层孔隙度和渗透率降低的主要因素与火山物质有关。火山物质的蚀变作用释放出大量的离子进入地层水,不仅加强了早期碳酸盐胶结作用,而且导致了黏土矿物充填孔隙。另外,溶蚀作用是改善储层物性的主要因素,主要溶蚀云质沉凝灰岩中的碳酸盐团块,形成粒内和粒间溶孔。白云石化作用在云质泥岩中较弱,白云石沿纹层以泥晶形式出现。云质泥岩物性差,平均孔隙度为2.5%,渗透率为0.01 mD,储层物性差主要是原始物性差造成的。此外,成岩晚期的强碳酸盐胶结作用导致云质泥岩形成致密储层。该类岩石主要依靠微裂缝来改善储层物性,在断裂带附近的云质泥岩易发育微裂缝,微裂缝富集程度随离主断层距离的增大而减小。  相似文献   

巴音戈壁盆地塔木素铀矿床含矿砂岩成岩作用类型、演化序列及其对铀成矿的约束     

张成勇  夏菲  严兆彬  邓薇  聂逢君  张鹏飞  文振宇  刘波  戴明建  封志兵 《地球学报》2021,42(6):907-920

勘查和研究发现部分砂岩型铀矿床中不仅有表生氧化流体作用还存在深部流体的参与,这类砂岩型铀矿床蚀变类型多样且成因复杂.塔木素砂岩型铀矿表生流体和深部流体活动都很明显,砂岩普遍固结且后生蚀变类型独特,因此,恢复成岩成矿事件及其演化过程,对揭示铀沉淀富集机理至关重要.本文通过镜下鉴定、电子探针、扫描电镜分析等,系统研究了塔木素矿床含矿砂岩成岩作用特征与后生蚀变矿物生成序列,重塑了成岩成矿事件的演化过程.研究结果显示,塔木素矿床砂岩中压实作用较弱而胶结作用很强,重结晶作用普遍,是造成目的层致密的主要原因,赤铁矿、褐铁矿化、碳酸盐化、石膏化是该地区主要的胶结类型.将该地区的成岩演化划分为沉积-早成岩阶段、早期氧化流体作用阶段、热流体改造阶段和晚期氧化流体弱改造阶段.成岩环境由弱碱性向酸性环境转变的过程中的氧化还原过渡部位是造成铀沉淀的关键,大规模的氧化作用是矿床形成的基础,后期热流体活动对早期形成的低品位铀矿石进行叠加改造,是成矿的关键环节.  相似文献   

SHRIMP U–Pb geochronology of authigenic xenotime and its potential for dating sedimentary basins     

I. R. Fletcher  B. Rasmussen  N. J. McNaughton 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(5):845-859

SHRIMP (Sensitive High‐Resolution Ion MicroProbe) analytical procedures have been developed to enable dating of the small, early diagenetic xenotime overgrowths that commonly occur on zircons in siliciclastic sedimentary rocks. The method will be particularly useful in Precambrian terranes, where diagenetic xenotime dating could play a role equivalent to biostratigraphic dating in the Phanerozoic. Reliable ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb data are more readily obtained than ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U, which also favours application to the Precambrian. However, it is demonstrated that ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U dating of larger overgrowths (>10 μm) is also viable and applicable to Phanerozoic samples. SHRIMP Pb/Pb geochronology of authigenic xenotime in an unmetamorphosed Palaeoproterozoic sandstone in the Kimberley Basin has constrained diagenesis to a precision of ± 7 Ma. In contrast, greenschist‐facies metasediments of the Archaean Witwatersrand Basin, South Africa, contain both authigenic and alteration xenotime that record a complex history of growth from early diagenesis to the last major thermal event to affect the basin.  相似文献