The interplay and effects of deformation and crystallized melt on the rheology of the lower continental crust,Fiordland, New Zealand     

《Journal of Structural Geology》2016

Microstructural, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and misorientation analyses of a migmatitic granulite-facies orthogneiss from the exhumed lower crust of a Cretaceous continental arc in Fiordland, New Zealand show how deformation was accommodated during and after episodes of melt infiltration and high-grade metamorphism. Microstructures in garnet, omphacite, plagioclase, and K-feldspar suggest that an early stage of deformation was achieved by dislocation creep of omphacite and plagioclase, with subsequent deformation becoming partitioned into plagioclase. Continued deformation after melt infiltration resulted in strain localization in the leucosome of the migmatite, where a change of plagioclase deformation mechanism promoted the onset of grain boundary sliding, most likely accommodated by diffusion creep, in fine recrystallized plagioclase grains. Our results suggest three distinctive transitions in the rheology of the lower crust of this continental arc, where initial weakening was primarily achieved by deformation of both omphacite and plagioclase. Subsequent strain localization in plagioclase of the leucosome indicates that the zones of former melt are weaker than the restite, and that changes in deformation mechanisms within plagioclase, and an evolution of its strength, primarily control the rheology of the lower crust during and after episodes of melting and magma addition.  相似文献   

X射线衍射技术应用于宝石鉴定-合成及晶体结构研究进展   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

张妮  林春明 《岩矿测试》2016,35(3):217-228

因宝石检测常附带无损要求、宝石评价具科学性和不确定性等特点,X射线衍射(XRD)在宝石学这门矿物学的分支学科中的应用具有特殊性,其应用领域主要集中在三个方面。①宝石鉴定领域:对单晶宝石和多晶宝石进行物相鉴定、宝石产地特征研究以及宝石矿物多型的种类划分等。例如根据XRD图谱,可将品种繁多的微晶石英隐晶质变种玉髓中不同的SiO₂质矿物相精确区分;通过黏土矿物成分及其含量可将鸡血石中"地"的种类进行划分。②宝石矿物的晶体结构研究:对成分复杂的单晶宝石进行晶体化学分析、获取矿物类质同象替代情况、利用结晶度划分宝石品质。例如晶格参数中的c/a比值可将绿柱石的Al八面体类质同象替代和Be四面体类质同象替代进行区分;软玉中通过XRD数据计算出的结晶度与软玉的品质关系密切。③宝石学研究技术的开发:对宝石的优化处理过程进行监测,在宝石合成过程中检验矿物晶形大小、结晶质量及内应力等,以有机宝石的晶体结构为基础的人工养殖技术研究。例如尖晶石在热处理过程中,Mg离子由四面体中的T位迁移至八面体中的M位,导致M-O和T-O键长随温度变化,并反映在尖晶石的色调中;在托帕石合成过程中,XRD数据显示770~800℃时形成含氟托帕石(与天然托帕石结构相同),而在950℃和1000℃出现含氟托帕石离解成刚玉和莫来石。目前,我国在宝石学的XRD应用方面起步较晚,国外在宝石鉴定、优化与合成方面的应用相对成熟。本文认为,该技术与扫描电镜、质子探针等分析技术的联用仍有很大发展空间。  相似文献   

高压下天然菱铁矿的压缩性和电子结构研究     

高静  巫翔  秦善  张硕  杨科  李晓东 《岩石矿物学杂志》2016,35(2):276-282

采用同步辐射光源和金刚石对顶砧(DAC)技术,对天然菱铁矿的压缩性和电子结构进行了原位X射线衍射(XRD)和X射线吸收近边结构谱(XANES)测试研究。在室温下随着压力逐渐升高至50.2 GPa,菱铁矿保持方解石型结构不变,但是逐渐向Na Cl型结构转变;刚性[CO3]2-基团平行于ab-平面定向排列使c轴的压缩性大于a轴。菱铁矿在44.6~47.1 GPa之间发生电子由高自旋态(HS)向低自旋态(LS)的转变,表现为体积塌陷8%。HS菱铁矿的等温状态方程参数为K0=112(5)GPa和K'0=4.6(3)。首次采用XANES技术对菱铁矿中Fe2+的电子结构进行了研究,结果表明:随着压力升高至37.3 GPa,Fe2+的配位和局域对称并未发生明显变化;此后电子结构开始转变,Fe2+的3d轨道分裂能降低,电子跃迁概率增大,呈现LS特性。  相似文献   

A novel method to estimate mineral compositions of mudrocks: A case study for the Canadian unconventional petroleum systems     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2016

The mineral composition of mudrocks is an essential attribute in controlling the reservoir quality of unconventional petroleum systems. The present study introduces a semi-quantitative method to estimate mineral phases of mudrocks in various Canadian unconventional hydrocarbon systems using total elemental analysis (inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)) and Rock-Eval data (total organic carbon (TOC) and mineral carbon (MinC)).This method involves statistical analysis based on a sound knowledge of hydrocarbon source rock inorganic geochemistry. The workflow can be divided into four steps: (i) converting major elements (Si, Al, Fe, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Ti, and P) to their oxides, (ii) inferring modes of occurrence of elements using statistical analysis of geochemical data (major elements, TOC, and MinC), (iii) identifying the mineral types (oxide, aluminosilicates, carbonates, sulfide, and phosphate) according to elemental occurrences and calculating mineral phase concentrations, and (iv) verifying the results by comparing to XRD data on selected samples. The results, especially for brittle minerals such as quartz, carbonates (e.g. calcite, dolomite, and ankerite), and pyrite, show that the estimated mineral compositions correspond closely and consistently with measured mineralogy obtained from XRD. This method takes advantage of bulk geochemical data already available for hydrocarbon potential and chemostratigraphic studies, without devoting additional samples and cost for XRD analysis.  相似文献   

阿尔金北缘岩石变形机制——来自X光组构分析的证据     

何江涛  陈柏林  王永  孟令通  吴玉  韩梅梅  王斌 《地质通报》2016,35(1):123-129

对阿尔金北缘地区变形蚀变花岗岩、花岗质糜棱岩、变形酸性火山岩和变形英安质凝灰岩中石英和绢云母2种矿物进行X光岩石组构分析,认为本区岩石变形比较明显,宏观面理近于东西向展布,绢云母变形较强,平行于面理定向排列;而石英以底面或近底面滑移为主,部分样品兼有柱面Ⅰ型滑移和柱面Ⅱ型滑移,反映本区岩石变形机制为中浅层次的脆-韧性变形(10~15km、250~350℃、0.25~0.40GPa)。通过岩石组构特征与宏观面理产状,推断本区韧性变形以右行运动为主,与板块碰撞在阿尔金北缘大平沟地区产生的韧性变形带特征一致。  相似文献   

电感耦合等离子体质谱-X射线衍射法研究云南玉溪和美国内华达地区黏土型锂资源矿物学特征     

朱丽  杨永琼  顾汉念  温汉捷  杜胜江  罗重光 《岩矿测试》2021,(4):532-541

中国云南玉溪和美国内华达均已发现大量黏土型锂资源,目前关于两地区样品矿物学特征的研究相对不足,而对黏土型锂资源进行充分的矿物学特征研究是锂提取工作开展的重要前提。本文采用X射线荧光光谱、电感耦合等离子体质谱、X射线粉晶衍射、扫描电镜等分析技术,从化学组成、矿物组成、微观形貌等角度对云南玉溪的两个黏土型锂资源样品(YM-1和YM-2)和美国内华达的两个黏土型锂资源样品(Ame-1和Ame-2)进行对比分析。结果表明:玉溪地区和内华达地区样品的锂含量均高于1000μg/g,具有一定的开发利用价值,但这两个地区的黏土型锂资源样品在主要化学成分、矿物组成、微观形貌和锂赋存状态四个方面均存在较大差异。具体来说,(1)主要化学成分差异:玉溪地区样品的主要化学成分为SiO_2和Al_2O_3(硅、铝氧化物总量超过80%),而内华达地区样品的主要化学成分为SiO_2(60.39%)或CaO(42.30%)。(2)矿物组成差异:玉溪地区样品的主要矿物为高岭石和蒙脱石,而内华达地区样品的主要矿物为石英、绿脱石、斯皂石或方解石。(3)微观形貌差异:玉溪地区样品是由表面平坦、边缘圆滑且大小相对均一的片层状结构堆叠而成,而内华达地区样品主要表现为大小不一的块状矿物聚集体。(4)锂赋存状态差异:玉溪地区样品中的锂主要赋存于蒙脱石中,而内华达地区样品中的锂主要赋存于蒙皂石族矿物中。本研究结果基本明确了云南玉溪地区和美国内华达地区黏土型锂资源的矿物学特征,可为这两个地区黏土型锂资源后期的开发利用提供科学依据。  相似文献   

Improvement of photorefractive properties in Hf:Fe:LiNbO₃ crystals with various [Li]/[Nb] ratios     

孙秀冬  石宏新  骆素华  孟庆鑫  姜永远 《海洋学报(英文版)》2010,29(9)

Photorefractive properties of Hf:Fe:LiNbO₃ crystals with various [Li]/[Nb] ratios have been investigated at 488 nm wavelength based on the two-wave coupling experiment. High diffraction efficiency and large recording sensitivity are observed and explained. The decrease in Li vacancies is suggested to be the main contributor to the increase in the photoconductivity and subsequently to the induction of the improvement of recording sensitivity. The saturation diffraction efficiency is measured up to 80.2%, and simultaneously the recording sensitivity of 0.91 cm/J is achieved to in the Hf:Fe:LiNbO₃ crystal grown from the melt with the [Li]/[Nb] ratio of 1.20, which is significantly enhanced as compared with those of the Hf:Fe:LiNbO₃ crystal with the [Li]/[Nb] ratio of 0.94 in melt under the same experimental conditions. Experimental results definitely show that increasing the [Li]/[Nb] ratio in crystal is an effective method for Hf:Fe:LiNbO₃ crystal to improve its photorefractive properties.  相似文献   

我国几个矿区叶蜡石X射线粉晶衍射研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

李文瑛 《矿物学报》1989,9(4):378-382

对我国几个主要类型叶蜡石矿的叶蜡石做了X射线粉晶衍射研究。从大量实验结果发现,所研究叶蜡石存在单斜晶系和三斜晶系两种多型。单斜晶系(2M);空间群G_(2h)~6-C2/c,a=5.175A,b=8.902A,c=18.673A,β=100.1°,Z=4;三斜晶系(1Tc):空间群P_c,a=5.162A,b=8.965A,c=9.346A,a=91.2°,β=99.96°,γ=89.91°,Z=2。  相似文献   

Asymptotic edge-and-vertex diffraction theory     

Andrzej Hanyga 《Geophysical Journal International》1995,123(1):277-290

Uniformly asymptotic formulae for edge-and-vertex diffraction in the time-domain, involving elementary functions of time, traveltimes and GTD amplitudes, are derived. Explicit expressions for diffraction at a pyramid and a triangle are constructed. They can be applied to the numerical calculation of a field reflected and diffracted at 3-D objects with sharp edges and to reflection from triangulated surfaces. the computational cost is very low.  相似文献   

硅硼镁铝矿的透射电镜研究     

杨光明  吴秀玲 《地球科学》1990,15(5):539-544,554

  相似文献