城市空间形态的最低成本-周期扩张规律——以昆明为例   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

吴启焰  陈辉  Belinda Wu  曾文 《地理研究》2012,31(3):484-794

城市形态演化反演城市土地利用模式的转变,是内部最低成本土地利用模式驱动力的外部表达。这一城市空间格局演变遵循本文提出的"外部扩张,内部填充"相互交替总体规律。它既是集聚与扩散驱动因子作用的结果,也是植入与再植入的"扬弃"选择过程的交互作用产物。基于最低成本—周期扩张模型的假设,本文选取昆明建成区近现代的影像资料,运用形态学的视角分析城市空间结构的变迁,探寻城市形态演化规律。结果表明:(1)从城市形态演变的一般理性微观、宏观过程来看,城市形态变迁在统计学上遵循最低成本—周期扩张规律假设;(2)在最低成本—周期扩张模型内,公共投资与基层设施建设变动及其要素替代效应对形态的周期性扰动响应是其核心作用机制。  相似文献   

铀矿成矿过程的耗散结构分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王京贵 《华东地质学院学报》1993,16(1):1-6

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Fe-Li云母化学成分的解释和分类   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

孙世华 《地质科学》1988,(3):213-228

用置换矢量概念解释了115个天然 Fe-Li 云母化学成分的变化。Fe-Li 云母是三八面体 Li-Fe-Al 云母,其基本置换是四锂云母置换。由于 Al-Li 白云母置换和白云母置换的影响,其化学组成变化的基本趋势呈明显的非线性,因而 Fe-Li 云母不是真正的二元系。作为 Fe-Li 云母,富铁黑云母和铁叶云母都是最富铁的成员,因而建议称 Fe-Li 云母为黑云母-锂云母系列。根据化学成分,晶胞参数和折光率的异常变化还提出了该系列自然分类的方案。  相似文献   

闽中丁家山铅锌多金属矿区闪锌矿中Fe、Cd、Mn元素赋存特征及其地质意义     

石得凤  陈新跃  刘建平  黄敏 《岩石矿物学杂志》2019,38(2):230-240

闪锌矿内Fe、Cd、Mn等元素含量不但影响闪锌矿的晶胞参数,而且蕴藏着丰富的矿床成因信息。闽中梅仙矿田丁家山铅锌矿区存在磁铁矿型和磁黄铁矿型两类矿石。本文通过X射线原位衍射和电子探针分析分别对两类矿石中闪锌矿的晶胞参数和Zn、Fe、Cd、Mn元素含量进行了测试,结果表明,闪锌矿晶胞参数具有磁黄铁矿型矿石磁铁矿型矿石理论值的特征,引起晶胞参数差异的主要原因是闪锌矿内Fe、Mn元素的含量。此外,两类矿石闪锌矿内Fe元素含量差距悬殊,Zn、Fe、Cd元素之间的替代关系和替代强度差异明显,结合研究区地质特征,认为这两类矿石可能是两次不同成矿作用的产物。  相似文献   

东秦岭卢氏稀有金属伟晶岩的绿柱石矿物学特征及其指示意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

周起凤  秦克章  唐冬梅  王春龙  马留锁 《岩石学报》2019,35(7):1999-2012

绿柱石是重要的铍矿石矿物,记录了花岗伟晶岩型稀有金属矿床的成岩成矿过程。东秦岭伟晶岩区是我国重要的稀有金属产地之一。本文调查了东秦岭卢氏伟晶岩区中的南阳山矿区(703号脉锂矿化伟晶岩和302号脉铍矿化伟晶岩)、七里沟-前台矿区(前台锂矿化伟晶岩)、蔡家沟矿区(大西沟和韭菜沟锂矿化伟晶岩)和瓦窑沟矿区(西山沟和瓦窑沟铍矿化伟晶岩)的伟晶岩内部结构分带,认为东秦岭稀有金属伟晶岩主要为过铝质LCT型伟晶岩,属于稀有金属(REL)类REL-Li亚类。其中,703号脉、韭菜沟和大西沟伟晶岩属复杂型锂辉石亚型,前台伟晶岩属钠长石-锂辉石型,302号脉、瓦窑沟和西山沟伟晶岩属绿柱石型绿柱石-铌铁矿亚型。电子探针结果表明绿柱石富碱金属,贫铁和镁。绿柱石元素替代机制包括通道-八面体替代、通道-四面体替代以及通道中碱金属阳离子间的置换。西山沟和瓦窑沟绿柱石的替代机制分别是Na(Fe~(2+),Mg)_(-1)Al_(-1)和NaLi_(-1)Be_(-1)。302号脉、前台、大西沟和韭菜沟绿柱石的替代机制为(Na,Cs) Li_(-1)Be_(-1)。703号脉绿柱石的替代机制包括NaFe~(2+)_(-1)Al_(-1)、NaCs_(-1)和(Na,Cs)Li_(-1)Be_(-1)。绿柱石的Cs2O含量和Na/Cs值揭示伟晶岩分异演化程度序列(由低至高)为瓦窑沟矿区→302号脉铍矿化伟晶岩→蔡家沟矿区→前台→703号脉锂矿化伟晶岩。铍矿化伟晶岩岩浆分异演化程度低于锂矿化伟晶岩岩浆。背散射图像显示绿柱石内部分带多样,包括均一结构、条带状、正/反蚀变边、补丁分带和复杂不规则分带。与铍矿化伟晶岩相比,锂矿化伟晶岩产出的绿柱石内部分带复杂多样,反映更为强烈的液相不混溶和交代作用。随伟晶岩岩浆分异演化程度升高,绿柱石FeO含量降低,内部分带更为复杂,发育蚀变边结构、补丁分带和不规则分带等。绿柱石FeO含量和内部分带特征可作为花岗伟晶岩分异演化程度的潜在指示标志。锂矿化伟晶岩中绿柱石的化学组成和内部分带特征表明岩浆就位时是高度分异演化的稀有金属伟晶岩岩浆。大西沟、韭菜沟和前台锂矿化伟晶岩岩浆就位后未经历明显分异演化过程,而南阳山703号脉伟晶岩岩浆就位后经历了较充分的分异演化,导致稀有金属的进一步富集。锂矿化伟晶岩的稀有金属成矿机制是结晶分异和液相不混溶。  相似文献   

基于神经网络的直接线性变换在地质力学模型试验中的应用     

陈继光  张强勇  李术才  马国梁  张建国 《岩土力学》2008,29(4):897-900

三维地质力学模型的变形数据主要由岩体内部变形和收敛变形两部分构成。寻找满足高精度位移测量的收敛变形观测方法已成为三维地质力学模型试验数据采集的重要研究方向。修正了传统的数码相机摄影测量基于图像坐标变换的计算思路,改善了试验中5×5小模板作业方式,采用大模板标准点布设方案和标志点相邻坐标数据点的选择方法,有效地减小了镜头畸变对标准点、标志点的影响。基于BP神经网络的直接线性变换原理进行了图像间的坐标识别和试验阶段测量观测点的坐标比较,实现了三维地质力学模型的收敛变形观测。将数码相机数字近景摄影方法应用于某大型分岔隧道的三维地质力学模型试验研究,取得了满意的研究成果。  相似文献   

非重复采集时移地震正演模拟及可行性分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郭念民  吴国忱 《地球物理学进展》2012,27(1):232-245

本文主要研究前期为常规三维地震勘探和后期为高精度三维地震勘探的这种典型非重复采集时移地震的可行性,主要使用正演模拟和匹配处理相结合的方法进行.本文推导了基于PML边界的三维声波波动方程时空域高阶有限差分正演方程,根据岩石物理流体替代分析方法计算得到时移前后储层的弹性参数,建立了时移地震地球物理模型,设计了常规三维和高精度三维观测系统,进行地震正演模拟,获得了非重复采集时移地震理论模拟数据.利用匹配处理法对非重复采集时移地震正演模拟数据和实际资料进行可行性分析,匹配处理过程主要包括初始数据匹配、一致性处理和互均化处理等.理论模拟数据和实际资料的匹配处理结果表明,通过针对性的分析和处理,利用非重复采集的地震资料进行时移地震研究是可行的,能够得到较好的时移地震响应,在一定程度上反映了油藏的变化情况.  相似文献   

Use of ergodic reasoning to reconstruct the historical range of variability and evolutionary trajectory of rivers   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Kirstie Fryirs  Gary J. Brierley  Wayne D. Erskine 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2012,37(7):763-773

Applications of ergodic reasoning (or location for time substitution) aid efforts at environmental reconstruction and prediction, providing a useful tool to analyse and communicate stages of landscape evolution. Analysis of the historical range of behaviour and change that a river system has experienced can be used to interpret thresholds that have been breached, and underlying controls and/or triggers for adjustment and change. This information can be used to forecast future trajectories of adjustment and provide target conditions for management activities. This paper uses a case study from upper Wollombi Brook, New South Wales, Australia to demonstrate how ergodic reasoning can be used to assess river behaviour, change and responses to natural and human‐disturbances. The ‘river evolution diagram’ developed by Brierley and Fryirs (Geomorphology and River Management: Applications of the River Styles Framework. Blackwell Publishing: Oxford, 2005) is presented as a means for depicting the range of behaviour and evolutionary variability of this river. These approaches can be readily applied in other systems. Implications for approaches to analysis of river evolution and management are outlined. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Thermal expansion of gehlenite, Ca2Al[AlSiO7], and the related aluminates LnCaAl[Al2O7] with Ln = Tb, Sm     

L. Peters  K. Knorr  M. Knapp  W. Depmeier 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2005,32(8-9):546-551

The thermal expansion of gehlenite, Ca₂Al[AlSiO₇], (up to T=830 K), TbCaAl[Al₂O₇] (up to T=1100 K) and SmCaAl[Al₂O₇] (up to T=1024 K) has been determined. All compounds are of the melilite structure type with space group Thermal expansion data were obtained from in situ X-ray powder diffraction experiments in-house and at HASYLAB at the Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY) in Hamburg (Germany). The thermal expansion coefficients for gehlenite were found to be: α₁=7.2(4)×10⁻⁶×K⁻¹+3.6(7)×10⁻⁹ΔT×K⁻² and α₃=15.0(1)×10⁻⁶×K⁻¹. For TbCaAl[Al₂O₇] the respective values are: α₁=7.0(2)×10⁻⁶×K⁻¹+2.0(2)×10⁻⁹ΔT×K⁻² and α₃=8.5(2)×10⁻⁶×K⁻¹+2.0(3)×10⁻⁹ΔT×K⁻², and the thermal expansion coefficients for SmCaAl[Al₂O₇] are: α₁=6.9(2)×10⁻⁶×K⁻¹+1.7(2)×10⁻⁹ΔT×K⁻² and α₃=9.344(5)×10⁻⁶×K⁻¹. The expansion mechanisms of the three compounds are explained in terms of structural trends obtained from Rietveld refinements of the crystal structures of the compounds against the powder diffraction patterns. No structural phase transitions have been observed. While gehlenite behaves like a ‘proper’ layer structure, the aluminates show increased framework structure behavior. This is most probably explained by stronger coulombic interactions between the tetrahedral conformation and the layer-bridging cations due to the coupled substitution (Ca²⁺+Si⁴⁺)–(Ln ³⁺+Al³⁺) in the melilite-type structure. This article has been mistakenly published twice. The first and original version of it is available at .  相似文献   

Semi-empirical Gibbs free energy formulations for minerals and fluids for use in thermodynamic databases of petrological interest     

T. V.?GeryaEmail author  W. V.?Maresch  K. K.?Podlesskii  L. L.?Perchuk 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2004,31(7):429-455

The P–T partition function in statistical thermodynamics can be used to derive semi-empirical formulations of the Gibbs free energy G for minerals and fluids. Parameterization of these equations includes simultaneous regression of experimental heat capacity and molar volume data, allowing fitting, appraisal and optimization of various data sources, as required in the construction of internally consistent petrological data bases. This approach can also be extended to minerals with -transitions and to fluids by considering the Gibbs free energy as a function of pressure P, temperature T and an ordering parameter X, so that accurate modelled representation and extrapolation of the thermodynamic properties of large numbers of petrologically significant minerals and coexisting fluids can be attained. The ordering parameter is chosen to denote the equilibrium mole fraction (thermodynamic probability) of ordered clusters (structural units) in a substance when G(T,P, X)=min. The procedure is tested on existing experimental data for the system MgO–SiO₂–H₂O. The proposed Gibbs free energy formulation permits thermodynamic properties of minerals, fluids and phase equilibria to be described and extrapolated over a wide range of pressure (0–800 kbar) and temperature (20–3000 K), thus allowing effective use in thermodynamic data bases of petrological interest.  相似文献