闽中丁家山铅锌多金属矿区闪锌矿中Fe、Cd、Mn元素赋存特征及其地质意义     

石得凤  陈新跃  刘建平  黄敏 《岩石矿物学杂志》2019,38(2):230-240

闪锌矿内Fe、Cd、Mn等元素含量不但影响闪锌矿的晶胞参数,而且蕴藏着丰富的矿床成因信息。闽中梅仙矿田丁家山铅锌矿区存在磁铁矿型和磁黄铁矿型两类矿石。本文通过X射线原位衍射和电子探针分析分别对两类矿石中闪锌矿的晶胞参数和Zn、Fe、Cd、Mn元素含量进行了测试,结果表明,闪锌矿晶胞参数具有磁黄铁矿型矿石磁铁矿型矿石理论值的特征,引起晶胞参数差异的主要原因是闪锌矿内Fe、Mn元素的含量。此外,两类矿石闪锌矿内Fe元素含量差距悬殊,Zn、Fe、Cd元素之间的替代关系和替代强度差异明显,结合研究区地质特征,认为这两类矿石可能是两次不同成矿作用的产物。  相似文献   

流体替代技术在北黄海盆地中生界含烃储层识别中的应用     

刘金萍  简晓玲  王改云 《江苏地质》2017,41(4):637-643

北黄海盆地中生界勘探目的层以陆相碎屑岩储层为主,埋藏较深,受沉积压实和胶结成岩作用的影响,储层物性较差,含油气有利储层识别难度较大。利用流体替代技术,依据已建立的岩石物理模型,结合实际流体温度、压力等参数,对特定泥质含量、孔隙度条件下储层弹性响应特征随不同流体饱和度的变化规律进行正演计算,从而建立了含油气有利储层的弹性参数刻画范围。研究结果表明,对于孔隙度＞8%的物性相对较好的砂岩储层,其中含水的弹性属性与含油的弹性属性有一定的差别,而储层中含气的弹性属性与含油的弹性属性差别较为明显。因此,在研究区可以应用测量的纵波阻抗和模拟的纵横波速比建立含烃储层的解释框架,并利用叠前反演技术对研究区内物性较好有利储层作出预测。  相似文献   

对常用大地坐标系间坐标转换方法的评价     

祁玉杰 《测绘通报》2017,(4):13-16

常用坐标系间的相互转换对于现代工程应用有着十分重要的意义。实现坐标转换,需要若干公共已知点。然而,实际工程应用中,公共已知点的坐标信息一般难以获取,尤其是点的高程信息。针对该问题,本文利用实际数据,比较分析了在公共点无高程信息时,常用大地坐标系间坐标转换的4种方法（四参数法、多项式拟合法、高程迭代法、改化坐标法）在转换精度和其他方面的优劣。结果表明,4种方法都有着比较高的转换精度,而改化坐标法有着无需分带、单次迭代、仅需3个公共点、精度较高、精度指标一致的综合优势。  相似文献   

Thermal expansion of gehlenite, Ca2Al[AlSiO7], and the related aluminates LnCaAl[Al2O7] with Ln = Tb, Sm     

L. Peters  K. Knorr  M. Knapp  W. Depmeier 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2005,32(8-9):546-551

The thermal expansion of gehlenite, Ca₂Al[AlSiO₇], (up to T=830 K), TbCaAl[Al₂O₇] (up to T=1100 K) and SmCaAl[Al₂O₇] (up to T=1024 K) has been determined. All compounds are of the melilite structure type with space group Thermal expansion data were obtained from in situ X-ray powder diffraction experiments in-house and at HASYLAB at the Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY) in Hamburg (Germany). The thermal expansion coefficients for gehlenite were found to be: α₁=7.2(4)×10⁻⁶×K⁻¹+3.6(7)×10⁻⁹ΔT×K⁻² and α₃=15.0(1)×10⁻⁶×K⁻¹. For TbCaAl[Al₂O₇] the respective values are: α₁=7.0(2)×10⁻⁶×K⁻¹+2.0(2)×10⁻⁹ΔT×K⁻² and α₃=8.5(2)×10⁻⁶×K⁻¹+2.0(3)×10⁻⁹ΔT×K⁻², and the thermal expansion coefficients for SmCaAl[Al₂O₇] are: α₁=6.9(2)×10⁻⁶×K⁻¹+1.7(2)×10⁻⁹ΔT×K⁻² and α₃=9.344(5)×10⁻⁶×K⁻¹. The expansion mechanisms of the three compounds are explained in terms of structural trends obtained from Rietveld refinements of the crystal structures of the compounds against the powder diffraction patterns. No structural phase transitions have been observed. While gehlenite behaves like a ‘proper’ layer structure, the aluminates show increased framework structure behavior. This is most probably explained by stronger coulombic interactions between the tetrahedral conformation and the layer-bridging cations due to the coupled substitution (Ca²⁺+Si⁴⁺)–(Ln ³⁺+Al³⁺) in the melilite-type structure. This article has been mistakenly published twice. The first and original version of it is available at .  相似文献   

Semi-empirical Gibbs free energy formulations for minerals and fluids for use in thermodynamic databases of petrological interest     

T. V.?GeryaEmail author  W. V.?Maresch  K. K.?Podlesskii  L. L.?Perchuk 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2004,31(7):429-455

The P–T partition function in statistical thermodynamics can be used to derive semi-empirical formulations of the Gibbs free energy G for minerals and fluids. Parameterization of these equations includes simultaneous regression of experimental heat capacity and molar volume data, allowing fitting, appraisal and optimization of various data sources, as required in the construction of internally consistent petrological data bases. This approach can also be extended to minerals with -transitions and to fluids by considering the Gibbs free energy as a function of pressure P, temperature T and an ordering parameter X, so that accurate modelled representation and extrapolation of the thermodynamic properties of large numbers of petrologically significant minerals and coexisting fluids can be attained. The ordering parameter is chosen to denote the equilibrium mole fraction (thermodynamic probability) of ordered clusters (structural units) in a substance when G(T,P, X)=min. The procedure is tested on existing experimental data for the system MgO–SiO₂–H₂O. The proposed Gibbs free energy formulation permits thermodynamic properties of minerals, fluids and phase equilibria to be described and extrapolated over a wide range of pressure (0–800 kbar) and temperature (20–3000 K), thus allowing effective use in thermodynamic data bases of petrological interest.  相似文献   

A Raman spectroscopic study of Fe–Mg olivines     

B. A.?Kolesov  C. A.?GeigerEmail author 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2004,31(3):142-154

End-member synthetic fayalite and forsterite and a natural solid-solution crystal of composition (Mg_1.80,Fe_0.20)SiO₄ were investigated using Raman spectroscopy. Polarized single-crystal spectra were measured as a function of temperature. In addition, polycrystalline forsterite and fayalite, isotopically enriched in ²⁶Mg and ⁵⁷Fe, respectively, were synthesized and their powder spectra measured. The high-wavenumber modes in olivine consist of internal SiO₄ vibrations that show little variation upon isotopic substitution. This confirms conclusions from previous spectroscopic studies that showed that the internal SiO₄ vibrations have minimal coupling with the lower-wavenumber lattice modes. The lowest wavenumber modes in both forsterite and fayalite shift in energy following isotopic substitution, but with energies less than that which would be associated with pure Mg and Fe translations. The low-wavenumber Raman modes in olivine are best described as lattice modes consisting to a large degree of mixed vibrations of M(2) cation translations and external vibrations of the SiO₄ tetrahedra. The single-crystal spectra of forsterite and Fo₉₀Fa₁₀ were recorded at a number of temperatures from room temperature to about 1200 °C. From these data the microscopic Grüneisen parameters for three different A_g modes for both compositions were calculated, and also the structural state of the solid solution crystal was investigated. Small discontinuities observed in the wavenumber behavior of a low-energy mixed Mg/T(SiO₄) mode between 700 and 1000 °C may be related to minor variations in the Fe–Mg intracrystalline partitioning state in the Fo₉₀Fa₁₀ crystal, but further spectroscopic work is needed to clarify and quantify this issue. The mode wavenumber and intensity behavior of internal SiO₄ vibrations as a function of temperature are discussed in terms of crystal field and dynamic splitting and also ₁ and ₃ coupling. Crystal-field splitting increases only very slightly with temperature, whereas dynamical-field splitting is temperature dependent. The degree of ₁–₃ coupling decreases with increasing temperature.  相似文献   

农业化肥减量及生物肥料替代可行性研究——来自新疆棉区调查数据的实证   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

吕宁  祝宏辉  程文明 《地理研究》2022,41(5):1459-1480

推进化肥减施增效是实现中国农业绿色高质量发展的关键途径。本文以新疆棉花为例,基于2000—2020年棉花化肥施用量及技术、资本、劳动力投入时序数据,构建生产函数考察了新疆棉花单位面积化肥施用强度变化及其对棉花单产提升的贡献作用,并利用2015—2020年不同植棉区化肥和生物肥料施肥区的微观定位调查数据,采用熵权法构建肥料应用效益评价指标体系,对两种肥料的综合效益做出总体评判,并对经济效益（棉花产量、黄萎病害发生率）和生态效益（土壤有机质、微生物数量）及两种肥料施用成本进行具体比较,探讨了生物肥替代化肥的可行性及其实现机制。研究表明：① 2000—2020年间新疆棉花单位面积化肥施用强度呈不断上升态势,高于同期国内大部分植棉省份,自2016年起趋于减缓和平稳,施肥量浮动在585 kgN/hm²左右。② 2000—2010年随着单位面积化肥施用强度的增加,对棉花单产增加呈正向促进作用;而2010—2020年,单位面积化肥施用强度增加对棉花单产提高的贡献率为-21.29%,表明持续增加化肥用量对棉花单产提高已呈现负效应。③ 生物肥料施肥区生态效益优势更突出,但经济效益低于化肥区,两种肥料的综合效益随使用年限增加差距趋于缩小;较化肥组,研究期内不同植棉区生物肥组棉花单产降低3%~8%,黄萎病害发病率降幅27.75%~58.20%,土壤有机质含量提高了14.59%~28.54%,土壤微生物数量显著增加;生物肥单位施用成本高于化肥14%~19%。根据生物肥生态属性及作用机理,结合农户经济理性及传统的化肥依赖,建议在生物肥推广初期,实行一定的政策激励或生态补偿,同时积极引导和培育农户亲环境意识,农业化肥逐步减量及生物肥替代具有理论与实践可行性。  相似文献