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弥散度是刻画孔隙介质中溶质运移和扩散的重要参数,对于污染物的预测和修复至关重要,但野外示踪试验往往会选择忽略真实存在的井内混合效应。通过室内砂槽实验方法,模拟具有水平分层结构的含水层,该含水层主要由3种介质充填而成。采用埋藏传感器和井中布设传感器2种监测方式,对比在有/无混合效应情况下,穿透曲线的形态差异,进而探究井内混合效应对弥散尺度依赖性的影响情况。实验结果表明,井内混合效应会使穿透曲线呈现阶梯式增长,并伴有显著的拖尾现象;当使用对流弥散方程进行计算时,混合效应会导致弥散度被高估;观测到的弥散度与真实弥散度的差异会随着注入井和观测井间距离的增加而增大;此外,2种观测方式（埋藏/井内）均能发现弥散的尺度依赖性,且井内混合效应显著增强了弥散尺度效应,该实验结果可为污染物运移的评价和预测提供参考。 相似文献
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A tracer test was conducted in a laboratory chamber representing a two‐dimensional aquifer to investigate the longitudinal dispersivity (αL) and the ratio (αT/αL) of transverse to longitudinal dispersivity of sandy aquifer materials. Dispersive parameters were obtained by matching the observed chloride plumes at 9 hours and 16 hours after tracer injection with those simulated by a flow and transport model. The best match was found for αL = 0·2 ? 0·25 cm and αT/αL = 0·2. The ratio of αT/αL = 0·2 was within the range of laboratory values reported in the literature. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the tracer plume concentration and shape were more sensitive to variations in longitudinal dispersivity than to the ratio of transverse to longitudinal dispersivity. This result contrasted with findings of others, showing that the dispersivity ratio greatly affects contaminant plume shape. However, our experimental boundary conditions restricted expansion of the plume normal to the direction of flow and thus affected the parameter estimation. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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裂隙网络管道模型弥散试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探求不同裂隙几何参数对裂隙网络溶质运移的影响,基于离散裂隙网络思想和优势流、沟槽流理论,建立裂隙管道网络概念模型,搭建不同管径、不同连通方式的管道网络试验装置,进行渗流和溶质运移实验。运用应用广泛的模拟软件CHEMFLO-2000建立等效多孔介质模型,拟合不同几何参数下等效弥散度,定量刻画不同管道网络几何参数对溶质运移的影响,讨论了不同管径、连通方式等与等效弥散度之间的关系。通过进一步分析得出:在连通方式相同的情况下,不同管径的管道网络等效弥散度存在差异,但是差异不大;溶质在小管径中的穿透时间短于大管径,穿透曲线缓和程度相差不大;管道网络连通方式越复杂,其等效弥散度越大、对溶质运移的影响越大、穿透曲线越缓和、路径越长,等效弥散度越大;用这种等效弥散度的方法表征管道网络对溶质运移的影响,与多孔介质弥散度具有相似性;管道数目、管道面数目与等效弥散度成正相关关系,且等效弥散度随尺度的增大而增加。 相似文献
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H. Ii 《Environmental Geology》1995,25(2):71-85
We performed two field tracer tests in Tertiary sedimentary rocks and laboratory tracer tests using core samples of the sedimentary rock and bentonite and quartz sand mixtures. We have estimated effective porosity and longitudinal dispersivity, which are essential to the evaluation of mass transport in groundwater. The results of these tests indicate that test scale should be considered in the evaluation of effective porosity and longitudinal dispersivity. As the test scale increases, effective porosity decreases and longitudinal dispersivity increases. The relationship may be useful for estimating mass transport in groundwater. From the laboratory scale to the field scale, the decrease in effective porosity and increase in longitudinal dispersivity may be due to the existence of cracks or fissures. At the laboratory scale, the decrease in effective porosity is probably due to a loss of connectivity of continuous pores. 相似文献
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XuDong Zhang Qing Wang TianWen Yu ShuoChao Bao Gang Wang Xin Zhou CenCen Niu 《寒旱区科学》2015,7(5):579-586
Saline soil is vulnerable to water erosion because of its dispersivity. This characteristic has a great influence on dam and slope engineering. There is a large area of saline soil in western Jilin Province, the seasonal frost zone, and this soil is highly dispersive. We studied the properties of soil samples collected from vertical holes near Qian'an Dabusu Lake, assessing the particle size distribution and the chemical components. We also comprehensively identified the level of soil dispersivity by three standard methods, the pinhole test, the crumb test, and the double-hydrometer test. The soil composition and basic physicochemical properties are proved to be the most important factors which determine the dispersion degree of the saline soil. Our results showed that, within depth ranges from 0 to 1 m, silt particles highly influenced the soil dispersivity, and the total soluble salt accounted for ≥0.3%. At the first sampling point, in a tall soil column, the dispersion degree decreased with increasing depth, but this was not as obvious at the second sampling point, which was in a flat area. Nevertheless, the superficial soils of these two sampling sites were strongly dispersive, which must be taken into consideration for soil engineering in this region. 相似文献
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Study of the mobility of contaminants in an aquifer is an important issue for the proper remediation of contaminated groundwater. Determination of associated solute transport parameters therefore is essential for investigation of the extent to which groundwater can be contaminated. This study aimed at determining solute transport parameters for an unconfined sandy aquifer at a laboratory scale through various tracer tests using a conservative solute as a tracer. Tracer tests consisted of both well‐tracer tests (single and double wells) and an aquifer tracer test using a plume‐capturing device such as time domain reflectometry (TDR). The results showed that longitudinal dispersivities estimated from the single and double well‐tracer tests were 2·2 cm and 13·5 cm for a travel distance of 9·3 cm and 13·5 cm from the injection point respectively. These results agreed reasonably well with the results of the aquifer tracer test. The solute transport parameters obtained at multiple points in the aquifer through the aquifer tracer test revealed that the dispersivity length was proportional to the travel distance by a factor of 0·3, which was moderately higher than the value of 0·1 given in the literature. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Constructed wetlands are being utilized worldwide to effectively reduce excess nutrients in agricultural runoff and wastewater. Despite their frequency, a multi‐dimensional, physically based, spatially distributed modelling approach has rarely been applied for flow and solute transport in treatment wetlands. This article presents a two‐dimensional hydrodynamic and solute transport modelling of a large‐scaled, subtropical, free water surface constructed wetland of about 8 km2 in the Everglades of Florida, USA. In this study, MIKE 21 was adopted as the basic model framework. Field monitoring of the time series hydrological and chloride data, as well as spatially distributed data such as bathymetry and vegetation distribution, provided the necessary model input and testing data. Simulated water level profiles were in good agreement with the spatio‐temporal variations of measured ones. On average, the root‐mean‐square error of model calibration on annual water level fluctuations was 0·09 m. Manning's roughness coefficients for the dense emergent and submerged aquatic vegetation areas, which were estimated as a function of vegetation type, ranged from 0·67 to 1·0 and 0·12 to 0·15 s/m1/3, respectively. The solute transport model calibration for four monitoring sites agreed well with the measured annual variations in chloride concentration with an average percent model error of about 15%. The longitudinal dispersivity was estimated to be about 2 m and was more than an order of magnitude higher than the transverse one. This study is expected to play the role of a stepping stone for future modelling efforts on the development and application of more advanced flow and transport models applicable to a variety of constructed wetland systems, as well as to the Everglades stormwater treatment areas in operation or in preparation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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The FEMWATER model is a three-dimensional finite element model that can simulate both groundwater flow and mass transport at the same time, and so by using this FEMWATER model seawater intrusion was simulated and the results were compared to observation data. By using the observation data, a conceptual model was made of 3 layers based on the type of soil, and the hydrogeological parameter was selected. There are two types of dispersivities: longitudinal dispersivity and transverse dispersivity. Longitudinal dispersivity was calculated by Xu and Eckstein's method (1995) and the transverse dispersivity was put at 3/10 of the longitudinal dispersivity for the simulation. The electrical conductivity suggested by Freeze and Cherry (1979) and the correlation with total dissolved solids, TDS, was used to classify the state of the water. Upon analyzing the depths at 15 m, 30 m, 60 m, and 90 m, occurrence of seawater intrusion near the ground surface was limited to the vicinity of the coastline, but as the depths became deeper, seawater intrusion expanded inland. From these results we can come to the conclusion that in order to prevent seawater intrusion there needs to be sufficient preliminary examination. 相似文献