软岩巷道弹塑性变形的理论分析   总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16  

刘夕才  林韵梅 《岩土力学》1994,15(2):27-36

本文采用莫尔－库仑屈服准则和非关联塑性流动法则分析了轴对称软岩巷道的变形规律。从轴对称平面应变问题的基本方程出发，导出了软岩巷道弹塑性变形的位移理论解答，并给出了现有应力与位移理论解的适用条件。通过实例计算结果表明，本文得出的位移理论解与有限元数值解相当吻合。  相似文献   

计算分层介质中位错点源静态位移场的广义反射、透射系数矩阵和离散波数方法          下载免费PDF全文

谢小碧  姚振兴 《地球物理学报》1989,32(3):270-280

本文将计算合成地震图的广义反射、透射系数矩阵和离散波数方法应用于静态问题,给出了分层介质中位错点源产生的静态位移场的计算方法。该方法保留了反射、透射矩阵方法的原有优点,通过将数值结果与解析解的对比表明,该方法具有较高的数值精度,可用于研究地震断层活动造成的地表形变。  相似文献   

Fault dimensions,displacements and growth   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15  

Juan Watterson 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1986,124(1-2):365-373

Maximum total displacement (D) is plotted against fault or thrust width(W) for 65 faults, thrusts, and groups of faults from a variety of geological environments. Displacements range from 0.4 m to 40 km and widths from 150 m to 630 km, and there is a near linear relationship betweenD andW ². The required compatibility strains (e _s) in rocks adjacent to these faults increases linearly withW and with and ranges frome _s=2×10^–4 toe _s=3×10^–1. These are permanent ductile strains, which compare with values ofe _s=2×10^–5 for the elastic strains imposed during single slip earthquake events, which are characterised by a linear relationship between slip (u) andW.The data are consisten with a simple growth model for faults and thrusts, in which the slip in successive events increases by increments of constant size, and which predicts a relationship between displacement and width of the formD=cW ². Incorporation of constant ductile strain rate into the model shows that the repreat time for slip events remains constant throughout the life of a fault, while the displacement rate increases with time. An internally consistent model withe _s=2×10^–5, giving repeat times of 160 years and instantaneous displacement rates of 0.02 cm/yr, 0.2 cm/yr, and 2.0 cm/yr when total displacement is 1 m, 100 m, and 10 km, and slip increasing by 0.5 mm with each event, gives a good approximation of the data. The model is also applicable to stable sliding, the slip rate varying with ductile strain rate and withW ².  相似文献   

位移时空综合分析法及其在深基坑中的应用   总被引：2，自引：4，他引：2  

杨志法  张红梅 《工程地质学报》1995,3(4):32-38

对于岩土工程设计和施工来说,如何对监测所获的位移信息进行分析十分重要。以往主要采用位移-时间的分析方法。但为了使信息在修改设计和指导施工方面起更大作用,本文提出位移空间比较分析法,并主张与常用的位移-时间分析方法结合使用,以形成所谓位移时空综合分析法。在济南彩云大厦深基坑等的成功应用,表明该法是可行的。  相似文献   

粘滑失稳及其物理场时空分布的实验研究   总被引：6，自引：3，他引：6  

邓志辉  马胜利 《地震地质》1995,17(4):305-310

摩擦滑动的物理场实验研究表明：（１）能量空间分布的差异是失稳的重要条件，单发型大事件常发生于高能量向低能量的突变带或高能量背景区内的相对低能量区；（２）单发型大事件的孕育过程常常经历若干个能量输入输出循环，产生多个前兆阶段，并在失稳前源区常有一个弱化过程。小震或群发型事件失稳前常常只有一个能量积累与强化的过程，失稳前兆阶段性反映较差；（３）粘滑失稳时断层的位错与声发射的大小未见明显关系  相似文献   

考虑高振型影响的结构层间位移能力谱分析方法   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

王克峰  周云 《地震工程与工程振动》2005,25(3):33-40

工程界普遍采用的能力谱分析方法是建立在结构单自由度简化假设基础上，利用结构基本振型来进行能力分析。虽然此简化假设可以为工程界提供一种简便的分析方法，但从其分析效果来看，简化方法并不能很好地反映结构真实地震反应。高振型对结构局部变形的影响在分析结构动力反应特性中是很重要的因素，不应忽略掉。基于上述对现有能力谱分析方法不足之处的考虑，从提高结构能力谱分析方法的准确性出发，本文在Chopra能力谱分析方法的基础之上，根据我国振型分解反应谱思想，在能力谱分析方法中引入了结构高振型的影响分析，并提出了考虑结构高振型影响的结构层间位移能力谱分析方法的一般步骤。通过平面框架结构体系的算例分析，说明上述推荐方法在改进能力谱分析精度上的有效性。  相似文献   

双节点有限元模拟直立走滑断裂地震位移场   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

朱桂芝  王庆良 《地震研究》2005,28(2):189-192

结合位错理论和有限单元法，对介质横向不均匀性引起的直立走滑断裂地震水平位移场不对称性进行了数值模拟研究。结果表明，断层两侧介质泊松比和弹性模量的横向不均匀性，均可以引起直立走滑断层同震破裂及地震位移场的不对称性，其中，断层两侧介质的剪切模量比(刚度比)对直立走滑断裂地震位移场不对称性起主要作用。  相似文献   

Numerical simulations of katabatic jumps in coats land,Antartica     

Ye Yu  Xiaoming Cai  John C. King  Ian A. Renfrew 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2005,114(2):413-437

A non-hydrostatic numerical model, the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS), has been used to investigate the development of katabatic jumps in Coats Land, Antarctica. In the control run with a 5 m s^-1downslope directed initial wind, a katabatic jump develops near the foot of the idealized slope. The jump is manifested as a rapid deceleration of the downslope flow and a change from supercritical to subcritical flow, in a hydraulic sense, i.e., the Froude number (Fr) of the flow changes from Fr > 1 to Fr> 1. Results from sensitivity experiments show that an increase in the upstream flow rate strengthens the jump, while an increase in the downstream inversion-layer depth results in a retreat of the jump. Hydraulic theory and Bernoulli's theorem have been used to explain the surface pressure change across the jump. It is found that hydraulic theory always underestimates the surface pressure change, while Bernoulli's theorem provides a satisfactory estimation. An analysis of the downs balance for the katabatic jump indicates that the important forces are those related to the pressure gradient, advection and, to a lesser extent, the turbulent momentum divergence. The development of katabatic jumps can be divided into two phases. In phase I, the t gradient force is nearly balanced by advection, while in phase II, the pressure gradient force is counterbalanced by turbulent momentum divergence. The upslope pressure gradient force associated with a pool of cold air over the ice shelf facilitates the formation of the katabatic jump.  相似文献   

Some Insights into Topographic,Elastic and Self-gravitation Interaction in Modelling Ground Deformation and Gravity Changes in Active Volcanic Areas     

María Charco  José Fernández  Francisco Luzón  Kristy F. Tiampo  John B. Rundle 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2007,164(4):865-878

Surface displacements and gravity changes due to volcanic sources are influenced by medium properties. We investigate topographic, elastic and self-gravitation interaction in order to outline the major factors that are significant in data modelling. While elastic-gravitational models can provide a suitable approximation to problems of volcanic loading in areas where topographic relief is negligible, for prominent volcanoes the rough topography could affect deformation and gravity changes to a greater extent than self-gravitation. This fact requires the selection, depending on local relief, of a suitable model for use in the interpretation of surface precursors of volcanic activity. We use the three-dimensional Indirect Boundary Element Method to examine the effects of topography on deformation and gravity changes in models of magma chamber inflation/deflation. Topography has a significant effect on predicted surface deformation and gravity changes. Both the magnitude and pattern of the geodetic signals are significantly different compared to half-space solutions. Thus, failure to account for topographic effects in areas of prominent relief can bias the estimate of volcanic source parameters, since the magnitude and pattern of deformation and gravity changes depend on such effects.  相似文献   

Study on inelastic displacement ratio spectra for near-fault pulse-type ground motions   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

翟长海  李爽  谢礼立  孙亚民 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2007,6(4):351-355

In displacement-based seismic design, inelastic displacement ratio spectra (IDRS) are particularly useful for estimating the maximum lateral inelastic displacement demand of a nonlinear SDOF system from the maximum elastic displacement demand of its counterpart linear elastic SDOF system. In this study, the characteristics of IDRS for near-fault pulse-type ground motions are investigated based on a great number of earthquake ground motions. The in? uence of site conditions, ratio of peak ground velocity (PGV) to peak ground acceleration (PGA), the PGV, and the maximum incremental velocity (MIV) on IDRS are also evaluated. The results indicate that the effect of near-fault ground motions on IDRS are signifi cant only at periods between 0.2 s - 1.5 s, where the amplifi cation can approach 20%. The PGV/PGA ratio has the most signifi cant in? uence on IDRS among the parameters considered. It is also found that site conditions only slightly affect the IDRS.  相似文献