Multi‐scale Decomposition of Co‐seismic Deformation from High Resolution DEMs: a Case Study of the 2004 Mid‐Niigata Earthquake   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

ZHAO Yu  KONAGAI Kazuo  FUJITA Tomohiro 《《地质学报》英文版》2012,86(4):1013-1021

Decomposing co-seismic deformation is an immediate need for researchers who are interested in earthquake inversion analysis and geo-hazard mapping. However, conventional InSAR or digital elevation models (DEMs) imagery analyses only provide the displacement in the Line-of-Sight (LOS) direction or elevation changes. The 2004 Mid-Niigata earthquake in Japan provides lessons on how to decompose co-seismic deformation from two sets of DEMs. If three adjacent points undergo a rigid-body-translation movement, their co-seismic deformation can be decomposed by solving simultaneous equations. Although this method has been successfully used to discuss tectonic deformations, the algorithm needed improvement and a more rigorous algorithm, including a new definition of nominal plane, DEMs comparability improvement and matrix condition check is provided. Even with these procedures, the obtained decomposed displacement often showed remarkable scatter prompting the use of the moving average method, which was used to determine both tectonic and localized displacement characteristics. A cut-off window and a pair of band-pass windows were selected according to the regional geology and construction activities to ease the tectonic and localized displacement calculations, respectively. The displacement field of the tectonic scale shows two major clusters of large lateral components, and coincidently major visible landslides were found mostly within them. The localized displacement helps to reveal hidden landslides in the target area. As far as the Kizawa hamlet is concerned, the obtained vectors show down-slope movements, which are consistent with the observed traces of dislocations that were found in the Kizawa tunnel and irrigation wells. The method proposed has great potential to be applied to understanding post-earthquake rehabilitation in other areas.  相似文献   

Ground Surface Ruptures and Near‐Fault,Large‐Scale Displacements Caused by the Wenchuan Ms8.0 Earthquake Derived from Pixel Offset Tracking on Synthetic Aperture Radar Images     

QU Chunyan  SHAN Xinjian  LIU Yunhu  ZHANG Guohong  SONG Xiaogang  ZHANG Guifang  GUO Liming  HAN Yufei 《《地质学报》英文版》2012,86(2):510-519

The 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake produced surface displacements along the causative fault, the Yingxiu–Beichuan Fault, which are up to several meters near the fault. Because of the large gradient, satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometric data are strongly incoherent; the usual SAR interferometry method does not allow such displacements to be measured. In the present study, we employed another approach, the technique based on pixel offset tracking, to solve this problem. The used image data of six tracks are from the Advanced Land Observing Satellite, Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (ALOS/ PALSAR) dataset of Japan. The results show that the entire surface rupture belt is 238 km long, extending almost linearly in a direction of 42° north–east. It is offset left laterally by a north–west-striking fault at Xiaoyudong, and turns at Gaochuan, where the rupture belt shifts toward the south by 5 km, largely keeping the original trend. In terms of the features of the rupture traces, the rupture belt can be divided into five sections and three types. Among them, the Beichuan–Chaping and Hongkou–Yingxiu sections are relatively complex, with large widths and variable traces along the trend. The Pingtong–Nanba and Qingping–Jingtang sections appear uniform, characterized by straight traces and small widths. West of Yingxiu, the rupture traces are not clear. North of the rupture belt, surface displacements are 2.95 m on average, mostly 2–3.5 m, with 7–9 m the maximum near Beichuan. South of the rupture belt, the average displacement is 1.75 m, dominated by 1–2 m, with 3–4 m at a few sites. In the north, the displacements in the radar line of sight are of subsidence, and in the south, they are uplifted, in accordance with a right-slip motion that moves the northern wall of the fault to the east, and the southern wall to the west, respectively. Along the Guanxian–Jiangyou Fault, there is a uplift zone in the radar line of sight, which is 66 km long, 1.5–6 km wide, and has vertical displacements of approximately 2 m, but no observable rupture traces.  相似文献   

渤海海域郯庐断裂带新生代活动方式与演化规律——以青东凹陷为例          下载免费PDF全文

詹润  朱光 《地质科学》2012,(4):1130-1150

青东凹陷东边界为郯庐断裂带在渤海海域内西支断裂所在,平面上由4条北北东向断裂呈左阶雁列式排列,剖面上以上盘下降为主,局部具有张扭性和压扭性花状构造现象。青东凹陷东界上的郯庐断裂新生代经历了古近纪右行平移正断层活动、古近纪末盆地挤压反转中的逆右行平移、新近纪的弱拉张活动和第四纪以来的逆右行平移4个演化阶段。古近纪断陷期,先存的郯庐断裂带由于具有较低的强度,在南北向伸展应力场作用下复活并表现为具有右行平移分量的斜向拉张活动,在浅部新生4条左阶雁列式断层,并与盆地内北西向基底断裂系统和东西向新生正断层共同控制了古近系的沉积格局。古近纪末发生了盆地反转,结束了断陷盆地发育阶段,在北东东-南西西向区域挤压应力作用下郯庐断裂表现为逆右行平移活动。新近纪坳陷阶段,盆地内构造活动较弱,主要受控于岩石圈热沉降作用,但郯庐断裂仍具有较弱的伸展活动。第四纪以来,郯庐断裂再次转变为逆右行平移活动。  相似文献   

Recognition of cyclic steps in sandy and gravelly turbidite sequences,and consequences for the Bouma facies model   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

George Postma  Kick Kleverlaan  Matthieu J. B. Cartigny 《Sedimentology》2014,61(7):2268-2290

Preservation of cyclic steps contrasts markedly with that of subcritical‐flow bedforms, because cyclic steps migrate upslope eroding their lee face and preserving their stoss side. Such bedforms have not been described from turbidite outcrops and cores as yet. A conceptual block diagram for recognition of cyclic steps in outcrop has been constructed and is tested by outcrop studies of deep water submarine fan deposits of the Tabernas Basin in south‐eastern Spain. Experimental data indicate that depositional processes on the stoss side of a cyclic step are controlled by a hydraulic jump, which decelerates the flow and by subsequent waxing of the flow up to supercritical conditions once more. The hydraulic jump produces a large scour with soft‐sediment deformation (flames) preserved in coarse‐tail normal‐graded structureless deposits (Bouma Ta), while near‐horizontal, massive to stratified top‐cut‐out turbidite beds are found further down the stoss side of the bedform. The architecture of cyclic steps can best be described as large, up to hundreds of metres, lens‐shaped bodies that are truncated by erosive surfaces representing the set boundaries and that consist of nearly horizontal lying stacks of top‐cut‐out turbidite beds. The facies that characterize these bedforms have traditionally been described as turbidite units in idealized vertical sequences of high‐density turbidity currents, but have not yet been interpreted to represent bedforms produced by supercritical flow. Their large size, which is in the order of 20 m for gravelly and up to hundreds of metres for sandy steps, is likely to have hindered their recognition in outcrop so far.  相似文献   

基于强度折减法的三维边坡失稳判据   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

周元辅  邓建辉  崔玉龙 《岩土力学》2014,35(5):1430-1437

为了寻求基于强度折减法的三维边坡稳定分析的合理判据,依托珍珠坝边坡采用FALC3D对位移突变判据及塑性区贯通判据进行分析,并与ANSYS计算结果和二维极限平衡结果进行比较。结果表明:在采用强度折减法对三维边坡稳定分析时,位移突变判据根据总位移增量和折减系数关系曲线较易识别突变点且特征点选在边坡坡顶滑体上较为合理;针对塑性区贯通判据的不足,提出了以贯通率增量和折减系数曲线上的突变点来判别边坡稳定性。因此,三维边坡失稳判据的合理选用应遵循以下原则:建议在滑带明确的情况下采用塑性区贯通率增量突变判据,在滑带未知的情况下采用位移增量突变判据。  相似文献   

反拱水垫塘底板检修时板块位移的试验研究     

邓永锋  ;张海军 《地下水》2014,(3):150-152

按照重力相似准则,设计包括水垫塘、扬压力水箱,拱圈试验段在内的试验模型。对反拱水垫塘在检修时,键槽和直缝的两种底板块接触形式的板块位移分别进行试验研究。研究表明,两种接触方式下,承受扬压力的底板块必然上升,带动相邻的底板块上升,使拱圈形成局部拱或全拱;位移最大处的缝隙为张,其它缝隙则有张有合;在承受扬压力的底板块中,扬压力大的底板块位移最大或次之;相邻两底板块均受扬压力作用,则任一底板块在靠近扬压力大的底板块那一端位移要大;与拱端相邻的底板块,由于受到拱端约束,位移最小。经过对拱圈底板两种接触方案比较,两者底板位移的变化规律是完全相同的,数量级也是一致的,但位移量稍有差别。研究成果可为水垫塘底板结构型式的选择和设计提供参考。  相似文献   

Serviceability limit state design for uplift of helical anchors in clay     

Armin W. Stuedlein  Marco Uzielli 《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2014,9(3):173-186

Presently, no displacement-based design methodology exists for helical anchors subjected to tensile or uplift loading. This study investigates the statistical and probabilistic aspects of the load-displacement uncertainty associated with a database of thirty-seven uplift loading tests of helical anchors founded within cohesive soils. Initially, an ultimate resistance model is identified, and the semi-empirical uplift breakout factor statistically characterized. A relationship between ultimate resistance and slope tangent capacity is established, and used to form the basis for normalizing the load-displacement response. Hyperbolic and power law models are statistically evaluated for use in serving as a reference load-displacement model; the hyperbolic curve was selected based on goodness-of-fit statistics. Monte Carlo reliability simulations are used to establish an equivalent-deterministic load factor that associates the selected load factor with a probability of exceeding a pre-determined allowable uplift displacement, given uncertainty in the undrained shear strength, ultimate resistance model, transformation uncertainty, uncertainty in the allowable displacement, and variability in uplift loading. A practical example is provided to show the intended use of this probabilistic helical anchor displacement model.  相似文献   

犯罪防控警务策略及其时空效益评估研究进展     

柳林  吴雨菡  宋广文  肖露子 《地球信息科学学报》2021,23(1):29-42

犯罪防控警务策略是犯罪地理研究的重要话题之一,西方国家在此方面展开了大量研究,而我国的相关研究仍较缺乏。本文从不同类型犯罪防控警务策略特点、犯罪防控实验及其防控效益评估3个方面出发,综述国内外研究进展。研究结论包括以下4个方面：① 社区警务、问题导向警务、热点警务和智能警务为4大主要犯罪防控警务策略。社区警务以社区为单位,通过警民合作以减少犯罪;问题导向警务通过SARA（Scanning, Analysis, Response, Assessment）找出并解决社会中存在的问题;热点警务基于犯罪热点制定警务方案,对犯罪热点地区加以干预以降低犯罪率;智能警务利用大数据,人工智能等先进技术开展警务防控;② 国外的犯罪防控实验大多是通过划分实验组和对照组的方式,对比警务策略干预前后的犯罪变化。大部分警务实验以热点警务为主,且在试验区能有效降低犯罪,但同时存在犯罪转移或效益扩散现象;国内犯罪防控实验的研究仍有待开展;③ 传统的警务防控评估主要从破案率、公众安全感和社会经济效益评估3方面出发。鉴于犯罪转移或效益扩散的存在,国内外学者提出了加权位移商（WDQ）、时空加权位移商（STWDQ）、双重差分（DID）、倾向评分匹配（PSM）、双重差分倾向评分匹配（PSM-DID）和基于双重差分（DID）的象限法评估警务时空效益,丰富了警务防控评估体系。整体而言,国外对犯罪防控警务策略与时空效益评估研究得较充分但仍存在不足,而国内尚处于起步阶段。本文在最后探讨了中国警务策略可深入研究的方向。  相似文献   

Geochemical characteristics of oils among real cores in displacement model     

Hongbo Li  Min Zhang 《中国地球化学学报》2010,29(2):146-151

Physical simulation experiment on oil displacement is an important approach to understand the mechanism and efficiency of displacement. Physical simulation experiments on water-flooding and chemical flooding in real cores with different lithologies and physical properties, reservoir Rock-Eval, TLC-FID, GC of saturated hydrocarbon fractions and GC-MS of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbon fractions were performed to investigate differences in the geochemistry of residual oils in the cores processed by water-flooding and chemical flooding. After fine sandstone was displaced with the two methods, the preferable replacement efficiency was displayed by the chemical constitutions of residual oils. As to glutenite, water-flooding is less effective, while chemical flooding has excellent performance according to changes in chemical compounds in oils. The results showed that the geochemical characteristics of the reservoir oils and lithology and physical properties of reservoir bed need to be considered in selecting replacement methods. In addition, the geochemical parameters for residual oils slightly changed during water-flooding and chemical flooding, which suggested the water-flooding and chemical flooding could not affect the application of these parameters in geochemistry.  相似文献   

阿尔金断裂系参照地质体的对比和位移量的认识     

崔玲玲 《吉林地质》2010,29(1):21-25

阿尔金断裂系是由多条断裂组成的、规模巨大的走滑断裂体系,对于其走滑位移近几十年来许多学者用不同的方法进行了测量和估算,但认识很不一致:从250～1050km不等。本文就其中参照地质体进行分析,归纳与总结各种性质参照地质体的可适用性,最后认为阿尔金断裂系位移量应该包括主干阿尔金断裂的走滑位移量400km和该断裂系北西侧断裂的走滑位移量两部分,故总位移量应至少为400km。  相似文献