Perceptions and responses to climate policy risks among California farmers     

Meredith T. Niles  Mark Lubell  Van R. Haden 《Global Environmental Change》2013,23(6):1752-1760

This paper considers how farmers perceive and respond to climate change policy risks, and suggests that understanding these risk responses is as important as understanding responses to biophysical climate change impacts. Based on a survey of 162 farmers in California, we test three hypotheses regarding climate policy risk: (1) that perceived climate change risks will have a direct impact on farmer's responses to climate policy risks, (2) that previous climate change experiences will influence farmer's climate change perceptions and climate policy risk responses, and (3) that past experiences with environmental policies will more strongly affect a farmer's climate change beliefs, risks, and climate policy risk responses. Using a structural equation model we find support for all three hypotheses and furthermore show that farmers’ negative past policy experiences do not make them less likely to respond to climate policy risks through participation in a government incentive program. We discuss how future research and climate policies can be structured to garner greater agricultural participation. This work highlights that understanding climate policy risk responses and other social, economic and policy perspectives is a vital component of understanding climate change beliefs, risks and behaviors and should be more thoroughly considered in future work.  相似文献   

Multivariable variogram and its application to the linear model of coregionalization   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Gilles Bourgault  Denis Marcotte 《Mathematical Geology》1991,23(7):899-928

In this article, we present the multivariable variogram, which is defined in a way similar to that of the traditional variogram, by the expected value of a distance, squared, in a space withp dimensions. Combined with the linear model of coregionalization, this tool provides a way for finding the elementary variograms that characterize the different spatial scales contained in a set of data withp variables. In the case in which the number of elementary components is less than or equal to the number of variables, it is possible, by means of nonlinear regression of variograms and cross-variograms, to estimate the coregionalization parameters directly in order to obtain the elementary variables themselves, either by cokriging or by direct matrix inversion. This new tool greatly simplifies the procedure proposed by Matheron (1982) and Wackernagel (1985). The search for the elementary variograms is carried out using only one variogram (multivariable), as opposed to thep(p + 1)/2 required by the Matheron approach. Direct estimation of the linear coregionalization model parameters involves the creation of semipositive definite coregionalization matrices of rank 1.  相似文献   

水平电偶源频率测深中全区视电阻率定义的新方法   总被引：12，自引：2，他引：12       下载免费PDF全文

汤井田  何继善 《地球物理学报》1994,37(4):543-552

从电磁场的统一性出发，分析了水平电偶源频率测深中等效电阻率的算法原理和具体定义．分析表明，等效电阻率可明显地改善波区视电阻率在非波区场的畸变，较为形象、直观地反映出地电断面的电性变化．数值计算、三维模型计算和实际数据处理表明，等效电阻率具有良好的特性和应用前景．  相似文献   

A comparison of two avalanche-models with exemplary avalanches of Tyrol and Switzerland and the effects to hazard zoning     

Christian Weiler 《Surveys in Geophysics》1995,16(5-6):671-679

For the purposes of a thesis at the Institute of avalanche and torrent control at the university of agriculture in Vienna a comparison of two avalanche-models, a hydraulic one from Voellmy/Salm/Gubler and a statistical one from Laatsch/Zenke/Dankerl with exemplary exactly known avalanches of Tyrol and Switzerland was started in 1993. The result of this work was that both models failed by the calculation of avalanches with high recurrence intervals (over 300 years). For the calculation of avalanches with recurrence intervals under 300 years the results of both models are regular. The conclusion is that a combination of two models i.e. a hydraulic one improved by statistical calculations will be the best.  相似文献   

三维F－K域DMO方法及应用效果   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

耿建华  王勇 《地球物理学报》1995,38(1):115-119

在常速情况下，从三维时距方程出发，通过倾角代换，将三维倾角时差分裂为两个正交方向上的二维倾角时差，然后在这两个正交方向上分别做一次二维倾角时差校正，便可达到三维倾角时差校正的目的．应用实例表明这种三维ＤＭＯ分裂方法是切实有效的．  相似文献   

地幔氧逸度的研究进展   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  

刘丛强  李和平  黄智龙  苏根利 《地学前缘》2001,8(3):73-82

通过对目前国际上诸多有关地幔氧逸度的研究结果的系统分析和总结 ,提出了地幔中自由氧对地幔物质的性质、状态及运动过程产生影响的基本作用方式 ;介绍了目前地幔氧逸度研究的主要研究手段 ,包括本征氧逸度的实验室测量、模拟氧逸度的实验室测量、地幔氧逸度计及理论计算等及其优缺点 ;定性探讨了地幔氧逸度的时空分布规律 ,获得了地幔随时间的推移变得愈来愈氧化 ,随深度的增加变得愈来愈还原 ,以及在横向上不同大地构造部位的地幔区域具有不同的氧逸度等诸多结论。结合目前人们对地幔物质组成、性质、状态、运动过程及地球的起源与演化历史等的认识 ,初步提出了地幔不同圈层氧逸度的约束机制。最后 ,针对目前地幔氧逸度的研究现状 ,为今后提出了一些参考性的研究方向。  相似文献   

使用SSDP软件处理地震时应注意的几个问题     

包秀敏  马莉  申凤兰 《东北地震研究》2005,21(3):62-64

依据从事数字化地震监测的实际经验，对使用SSDP软件处理地震事件过程中应注意的问题做了初步归纳和总结，并给出了具体解决办法。  相似文献   

带权约束参数平差在工程控制网优化中的应用     

鲍峰  程效军 《测绘学报》2002,31(Z1):73-76

介绍用带权约束平差原理编制的工程控制网试验修正法设计和平差程序,并用于设计工程导线和平差变形观测控制网等实际工程的例子,据此提供一些结论和建议.  相似文献   

全站仪近距离测距精度检验方法的探讨   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李宗春  李广云  范生宏  张森 《测绘信息与工程》2002,27(4):37-39

提出了室内基线法，给出了相应的数据处理方法，并用实测数据进行了计算，结果显示全站仪在室内、短边条件下的测距精度较标称精度有很大的提高。该法所得结果与现存两种方法的结果基本相当，从而证明了该法能够客观地反映出工业测量用全站仪的近距离测距精度。  相似文献   

用剩余信息量最小准则实现直流电测深数据的二维自动反演     

沈金松 《物探化探计算技术》2002,24(1):46-53

自Pelton等发表第一篇直接电测深数据的二维反演文章以来，电测深数据的二维反演解释已广泛应用于资源勘探和环境监测，并取得一定效果。然而，由于该方法中加入了人为确定的平滑约束，其反演解释结果具有很大不确定性，使其在实际生产中普及应用受到限制。因此，如何在现有方法的基础上进一步改进完善成为该方法普及应用的关键。为了使反演解释结果既忠于实测数据，又合理地反映地下介质的变化，作者在本文中讨论了基于最大熵谱原理的剩余信息量最小准则实现电测深数据的二维自动反演。作者在文中还介绍了正演计算和偏导数求取中，提高精度和计算效率的技巧。用三个数值模式算例对本文的自动反演方法进行了验证。数值模拟结果表明，基于剩余信息量电小准则的二维自动反演给出的解释结果基本不受人为因素影响，能反映地下介质电阻率的详细变化。  相似文献