Multiphase dolomitization of deeply buried Cambrian petroleum reservoirs,Tarim Basin,north‐west China          下载免费PDF全文

Lei Jiang  Chunfang Cai  Richard H. Worden  Stephen F. Crowley  Lianqi Jia  Ke Zhang  Ian J. Duncan 《Sedimentology》2016,63(7):2130-2157

Cambrian dolostone reservoirs in the Tarim Basin, China, have significant potential for future discoveries of petroleum, although exploration and production planning is hampered by limited understanding of the occurrence and distribution of dolomite in such ancient rocks buried to nearly 8 km. The study herein accessed new drill core samples which provide an opportunity to understand the dolomitization process in deep basins and its impact on Cambrian carbonate reservoirs. This study documents the origin of the dolostone reservoirs using a combination of petrology, fluid‐inclusion microthermometry, and stable and radiogenic‐isotopes of outcrop and core samples. An initial microbial dolomitization event occurred in restricted lagoon environments and is characterized by depleted δ¹³C values. Dolomicrite from lagoonal and sabkha facies, some fabric‐retentive dolomite and fabric‐obliterative dolomite in the peloidal shoal and reef facies show the highest δ¹⁸O values. These dolomites represent relatively early reflux dolomitization. The local occurrence of K‐feldspar in dolomicrite indicates that some radiogenic strontium was contributed via terrigenous input. Most fabric‐retentive dolomite may have precipitated from seawater at slightly elevated temperatures, suggested by petrological and isotopic data. Most fabric‐obliterative dolomite, and medium to coarse dolomite cement, formed between 90°C and 130°C from marine evaporitic brine. Saddle dolomite formed by hydrothermal dolomitization at temperatures up to 170°C, and involved the mixing of connate brines with Sr‐ enriched hydrothermal fluids. Intercrystalline, moldic, and breccia porosities are due to the early stages of dolomitization. Macroscopic, intergranular, vuggy, fracture and dissolution porosity are due to burial‐related dissolution and regional hydrothermal events. This work has shown that old (for example, Cambrian or even Precambrian) sucrosic dolomite with associated anhydrite, buried to as much as 8000 m, can still have a high potential for hosting substantial hydrocarbon resources and should be globally targeted for future exploration.  相似文献   

环开江—梁平海槽长兴组台缘礁滩相储层特征及成岩作用          下载免费PDF全文

苏成鹏  谭秀成  刘宏  唐浩  黎虹玮  王高峰  唐雪松  张琪业  廖义沙 《中国地质》2016,(6):2046-2058

通过岩心观察、薄片鉴定、电镜扫描、阴极发光、物性分析,对四川盆地东部环开江—梁平海槽上二叠统长兴组礁滩相储层特征、储层成岩作用进行研究,并初步建立成岩演化序列。储层特征研究发现,长兴组储层发育良好,储集岩以"花斑状"生屑云岩和生物礁云岩为主,粒间孔、粒间溶孔和粒内溶孔较为发育,孔隙度总体介于2%~6%,渗透率集中在0.1~1 m D,结合孔渗相关关系将其划分为4种储层类型:"低孔高渗"型、"中孔中渗"型、过渡型、"高孔低渗"型。储层成岩作用研究发现,储层在成岩阶段经历了多期胶结、压实、白云岩化、溶蚀、构造破裂等成岩作用。由于成岩作用对孔隙结构的改造,孔隙演化整体上呈减小趋势。胶结作用及压实作用使得原生孔隙大幅度减少,对储层的形成具有破坏性作用,溶蚀及白云岩化作用对储层的形成具有建设性作用,构造破裂对储层进一步优化改造。研究表明原生粒间孔和早成岩期岩溶及热液白云岩化作用形成的早期次生孔隙不仅是现今储层储集空间的雏形,也基本决定了储层的最终面貌。  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地靖边气田高桥区块马五41段白云岩储层建设性埋藏成岩作用及意义     

田雯  陈刚  李文厚  吕剑文  李建东  杨超 《地质通报》2016,35(203):454-460

受古岩溶作用的影响,鄂尔多斯盆地靖边气田高桥区块形成了层位较稳定的溶蚀孔洞白云岩储层。利用钻井岩心、铸体薄片、阴极发光及地球化学手段等,对研究区马五41段白云岩储层埋藏环境下建设性成岩作用进行了系统研究。研究表明,区内埋藏环境下建设性成岩作用有埋藏白云石化作用、埋藏溶解作用、裂缝作用等。研究区晶粒白云岩C、O同位素比值与奥陶纪海水的C、O同位素值相比明显偏负,表明地层经历了埋藏白云石化作用,埋藏白云石化作用使得岩石体积缩小、岩石孔隙度有所增加,有利于晶间孔的形成。埋藏溶解作用可形成大量的溶蚀孔、洞、缝等储集空间,为油气的储集成藏提供了有利的场所。裂缝的发育增加了溶蚀孔洞的连通性,有效地提高了储层的孔隙度与渗透率。上述3种建设性成岩作用相互叠加配合,使得裂缝与原本存在的孔隙配套,对良好油气储集空间的形成起了决定性控制作用。  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地西北部中奥陶统斑状白云岩成因研究     

何小会  董兆雄  张文涛  游万江  吴涛  李高照 《四川地质学报》2012,(4):393-396

在鄂尔多斯盆地西北部,中奥陶统桌子山组和马五段到马三段斑状白云岩广泛分布。通过岩石、矿物学及地球化学特征研究,发现该白云岩具有岩溶、生物遗迹、深埋藏的证据,其原岩是早成岩阶段浅埋藏环境下形成的粉晶~细晶白云岩,在晚成岩阶段深埋藏环境下发生差异白云石化,形成细~粉晶白云石组成的斑块。因此,细晶~粗粉晶斑状白云岩受生物影响,是表生岩溶作用和深埋藏环境导致的差异白云石化作用的产物。  相似文献   

乌尔禾-风城地区二叠系白云质岩类岩石学特征及成因分析     

张杰  何周  徐怀宝  季换成  袁青  史基安  鲁新川 《沉积学报》2012,30(5):859-868

为了探讨准噶尔盆地西北缘乌尔禾-风城地区二叠系风城组白云质岩类的成因, 利用岩矿鉴定技术,地球化学分析技术等手段, 系统分析该套云质岩类的地球化学特征。研究表明,该区云质岩类有别于海相碳酸盐岩,受外物源的影响较大,成份复杂,多为过渡性岩类。以泥质白云岩和白云质泥岩和白云质粉砂岩为主,含有少量的凝灰质白云岩和白云质凝灰岩。岩石矿物学特征和地球化学分析数据均表明,研究区的云质岩类主要形成于水体安静、深度较大、盐度偏高的半封闭陆源近海湖湾环境。二叠系时期气候炎热,蒸发作用强烈与火山活动频繁,加之淡水补给相对匮乏,为该区的云质岩类形成提供了良好的镁离子来源和水动力条件。这时湖湾中沉积的富含文石或高镁方解石的泥岩或凝灰岩,在早成岩阶段经过渗透回流白云石化作用形成了大量泥质白云岩、白云质泥岩和白云质粉砂岩。在中晚成岩阶段,经过埋藏作用生成自形或半自形的细晶-中晶白云石。  相似文献   

Multiphase partial and selective dolomitization of Carnian reef limestone (Transdanubian Range,Hungary)     

János Haas  Tamás Budai  Orsolya Győri  Sándor Kele 《Sedimentology》2014,61(3):836-859

Partially dolomitized carbonate successions provide a good opportunity to understand the commonly multistage process of dolomitization. Petrographic methods, fluid inclusion microthermometry and stable isotope measurements were applied to reconstruct the diagenetic evolution and dolomitization of a partially dolomitized Carnian reef limestone from the Transdanubian Range, Hungary. The diagenetic history began with reef diagenesis and formation of dolomite micro‐aggregates in microbial fabric elements; this was followed by the development of euhedral porphyrotopic dolomite crystals through overgrowths around the previously formed dolomite micro‐aggregates during the earliest burial stage. Increasing burial resulted in the extension of the dolomite patches via formation of finely crystalline replacement dolomite. From the Late Norian, when the Carnian reef carbonates reached the depth of 1·0 to 1·8 km, the diagenetic evolution continued in an intermediate to deep‐burial setting. Contemporaneously, an extensional regime was established, leading to fracturing. The progressive burial resulted in the recrystallization of the pre‐existing dolomite with increasing temperature, while saddle dolomite cement was precipitated in fractures. In connection with the Alpine Orogeny, intense denudation took place during the Late Cretaceous, accompanied by fracturing. Similar tectonically controlled denudation and fracturing occurred in several stages during the Cenozoic. As a result of these processes, the studied Carnian carbonates were raised to a near‐surface position or became subaerially exposed, leading to dedolomitization of the last dolomite phase and precipitation of calcite cement in cavities and fractures. This study revealed that by investigating partially and selectively dolomitized rock types, it is possible to document and understand those stages of the multiple dolomitization process which can barely be detected in the completely dolomitized rock bodies. Recognition of the dolomitization phases could provide the basis for the analysis of their relations with the depositional, diagenetic and tectonic processes, and stages of basin evolution.  相似文献   

Major,minor element chemistry and oxygen and hydrogen isotopic compositions of Marun oil‐field brines,SW Iran: Source history and economic potential     

H. Mirnejad  V. Sisakht  H. Mohammadzadeh  A. H. Amini  B. J. Rostron  G. Haghparast 《Geological Journal》2011,46(1):1-9

Cation and anion concentrations and oxygen and hydrogen isotopic ratios of brines in the Asmari Formation (Oligocene–early Miocene) from the Marun oil field of southwest Iran were measured to identify the origin of these brines (e.g. salt dissolution vs. seawater evaporation) as well as the involvement of water–rock reaction processes in their evolution. Marun brines are characterized by having higher concentrations of calcium (11 000–20 000 mg/L), chlorine (120 000–160 000 mg/L) and bromide (600–1000 mg/L) compared to modern seawater. Samples are also enriched in ¹⁸O relative to seawater, fall to the right of the Global Meteoric Water Line and local rain water, and plot close to the halite brine trajectory on the δD versus δ¹⁸O diagram. Geochemical characteristics of Marun brines are inconsistent with a meteoric origin, but instead correspond to residual evaporated seawater modified by water–rock interaction, most significantly dolomitization. In addition, anhydrite precipitation or sulphate reduction appears to be important in chemical modification of the Marun brines, as indicated by lower sulphate contents relative to evaporated seawater. Extensive dolomitization, the presence of anhydrite nodules and high salinity fluid inclusions in the upper parts of the Asmari Formation fit a model whereby the Marun brines likely originated from the seepage reflux of concentrated seawater during the deposition of the overlying Gachsaran Formation evaporites in the Miocene. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

深埋藏条件下鲕粒灰岩的热水交代实验研究     

曹洁  张永生  龚庆杰  王俊涛  刘思宇 《岩石矿物学杂志》2010,29(4):397-402

在相对静岩压力40 MPa、地温150℃(大体相当于4 000 m深埋条件)、用时15 d的条件下,对灰色中厚层状鲕粒灰岩进行深埋藏热水交代白云化实验研究。结果表明:反应前后岩石的结构发生了轻微变化,尾液中的主要化学成分Ca2+浓度从0 mg/L增加到337 mg/L,Mg2+浓度从过饱和溶液降低到2 830 mg/L。电子探针分析结果表明,固体样CaO含量由61.000%降为60.830%,而MgO则由0.296%升到0.350%。可见,参与实验的固、液样品反应前后主量元素Ca、Mg有一定的变化。但根据样品的宏观观察、镜下鉴定、扫描电镜及X衍射图谱的综合对比,认为在该实验条件下,尚未产生明显的白云化现象。  相似文献   

鄂西南下三叠统嘉陵江组二段白云岩化机制     

胡广成  鲍志东 《矿物岩石》2011,31(3)

鄂西南恩施地区下三叠统嘉陵江组为碳酸盐岩沉积,发育石灰岩与白云岩的互层,通过野外观察和室内分析表明,嘉二段主要发育两种类型的白云岩,即泥晶-粉晶白云岩和砂屑白云岩。在沉积环境和岩石学特征研究的基础上,结合微量元素、碳氧同位素和阴极发光等技术,对白云岩的形成机理进行了分析。泥晶-粉晶白云岩发育有鸟眼构造、窗格构造和石膏假晶等暴露沉积特征,有序度低,白云石发红色光、紫红色光,与准同生白云岩化作用有关;砂屑白云岩有序度高、Mn和Fe含量高、Na含量和Mn/Sr小,具有较负的δ18 O值和较正的δ13 C值,形成于受大气淡水影响的氧化环境,砂屑发紫红色光,与混合水白云岩化作用有关;同时,部分砂屑白云岩的Sr含量异常也揭示了其叠加了埋藏白云岩化作用,白云岩化流体来自其上覆和/或下伏泥晶-粉晶白云岩中的富Mg2+卤水。  相似文献   

关于密西西比河谷型(MVT)铅锌矿床的一些探讨   总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3  

甄世民  祝新友  李永胜  杜泽忠  巩小栋  公凡影  齐钒宇 《矿床地质》2013,32(2):367-379

密西西比河谷型(MVT)铅锌矿床是全球最重要的铅锌矿床类型之一,由于其储量大、开发早,在成矿规律研究等方面均取得了重要进展,如成矿物质来源、成矿流体的驱动机制、成矿金属的迁移机制和沉淀富集机制、成矿时代、成矿模式等。文章在总结前人研究成果的基础上,主要从含矿建造和区域盆地卤水活动两个方面对MVT矿床的成矿规律进行了系统的总结和综合研究,厘定了MVT矿床的含矿建造,主要包括特定的含矿岩性组合、盆地中的红层、生烃层等,分析了区域盆地卤水活动对MVT矿床的制约,主要包括区域白云石化与MVT铅锌矿床的空间分布关系、与MVT铅锌矿床常伴生的其他类型矿床,并对MVT铅锌矿床的成因进行了初步的探讨。最后,认为特定的岩性组合(特别是砂岩、碳酸盐岩、泥页岩组合)、含矿岩系下部碎屑岩的褪色蚀变、区域红层盆地的广泛发育、生烃盆地的边缘、区域白云石化的前锋地带等,是MVT矿床及其伴生矿床找矿勘探的重要参考依据。  相似文献