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41.
Shear‐wall dominant multistorey reinforced concrete structures, constructed by using a special tunnel form technique are commonly built in countries facing a substantial seismic risk, such as Chile, Japan, Italy and Turkey. In spite of their high resistance to earthquake excitations, current seismic code provisions including the Uniform Building Code (International Conference of Building Officials, Whittier, CA, 1997) and the Turkish Seismic Code (Specification for Structures to be Built in Disaster Areas, Ankara, Turkey, 1998) present limited information for their design criteria. In this study, consistency of equations in those seismic codes related to their dynamic properties are investigated and it is observed that the given empirical equations for prediction of fundamental periods of this specific type of structures yield inaccurate results. For that reason, a total of 80 different building configurations were analysed by using three‐dimensional finite‐element modelling and a set of new empirical equations was proposed. The results of the analyses demonstrate that given formulas including new parameters provide accurate predictions for the broad range of different architectural configurations, roof heights and shear‐wall distributions, and may be used as an efficient tool for the implicit design of these structures. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
42.
Topographic interactions generate multidirectional and unsteady air?ow that limits the application of velocity pro?le approaches for estimating sediment transport over dunes. Results are presented from a series of wind tunnel simulations using Irwin‐type surface‐mounted pressure sensors to measure shear stress variability directly at the surface over both isolated and closely spaced sharp‐crested model dunes. Findings complement existing theories on secondary air?ow effects on stoss transport dynamics and provide new information on the in?uence of lee‐side air?ow patterns on dune morphodynamics. For all speeds investigated, turbulent unsteadiness at the dune toe indicates a greater, more variable surface shear, despite a signi?cant drop in time‐averaged measurements of streamwise shear stress at this location. This effect is believed suf?cient to inhibit sediment deposition at the toe and may be responsible for documented intermittency in sand transport in the toe region. On the stoss slope, streamline compression and ?ow acceleration cause an increase in ?ow steadiness and shear stress to a maximum at the crest that is double that at the toe of the isolated dune and 60–70 per cent greater than at ?ow reattachment on the lower stoss of closely spaced dunes. Streamwise ?ow accelerations, rather than turbulence, have greater in?uence on stress generation on the stoss and this effect increases with stoss slope distance and with incident wind speed. Reversed ?ow within the separation cell generates signi?cant surface shear (30–40 per cent of maximum values) for both spacings. This supports ?eld studies that suggest reversed ?ow is competent enough to return sediment to the dune directly or in a de?ected direction. High variability in shear at reattachment indicates impact of a turbulent shear layer that, despite low values of time‐averaged streamwise stress in this region, would inhibit sediment accumulation. Downwind of reattachment, shear stress and ?ow steadiness increase within 6 h (h = dune height) of reattachment and approach upwind values by 25 h. A distance of at least 30 h is suggested for full boundary layer recovery, which is comparable to ?uvial estimates. The Irwin sensor used in this study provides a reliable means to measure skin friction force responsible for sand transport and its robust, simple, and cost‐effective design shows promise for validating these ?ndings in natural dune settings. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
43.
指出了共线条件方程式教学中应注意的一些问题:共线条件方程式是联立的两个平面方程式,存在双主距(fx,fy)时的几何概念,以及它的变换式与直接线性变换关系式的异同点。 相似文献
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46.
矩形高层建筑扭转动力风荷载解析模型 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文通过研究不同长宽比、高宽比的矩形棱柱体在边界层风洞中典型攻角下的扭矩,提出了矩形高层建筑扭矩功率谱密度、均方根扭矩系数和Strouhal数的经验公式,并对相干函数作了一定的探讨,建立了完整的扭转动力风荷载解析模型。该模型和试验结果吻合较好,证明它是合理有效的,可在此基础上建立高层建筑扭转动力响应频域计算方法。 相似文献
47.
介绍北京正负电子对撞机注和器复测的精度要求,阐述采用波带板激光准直系统与精密水准测量相结合的方法,进行注入器复测的观测、数据处理与调整。根据复测数据分析了隧道地基变形与加速管位置变形及其规律,提出了一些有益的结论与建议。 相似文献
48.
探讨了隧道GPS网在设计阶段估算横向贯通误差的基本理论,对按该理论编制的软件进行了计算正确性的验证。结合铁路测量规则对不同长度的隧道GPS网横向贯通误差进行了计算分析,提出了分设隧道GPS网的一些基本原则和隧道GPS网横向贯通误差的近似估算方法 相似文献
49.
付载波频偏测量对于保证调频系统传输质量具有重要的意义。本文介绍了我们设计制作的付载波频编测量仪。该仪器便于携带、使用方便、精度送±10^-3*f0+1赫该精度满足模拟传输台网的需要。 相似文献
50.
边坡及其它类工程地质问题研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
徐嘉谟 《水文地质工程地质》1997,24(2):35-38
本文提出有关边坡工程地质研究方面的一些新概念,看法和问题,并概述了属地这一专题的边坡及其它各类工程地质问题的研究成果。 相似文献