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991.
992.
993.
高瓦斯矿井采空区瓦斯排放的数值模拟应用 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
以寺河矿采空区瓦斯抽放设计为例,建立了非均质采空区渗流-扩散的有限元数值模型,直观地描绘了采空区瓦斯涌出过程、瓦斯分布规律及其在采空区回风隅角瓦斯积聚的流体力学原理。模拟结果表明,在工作面后方利用回风联络巷依次进行漏风导流和瓦斯抽放,可大幅度降低采空区回风隅角瓦斯浓度;同时漏风导流可以充分抑制采空区瓦斯涌入工作面,并能够降低抽放巷道的配风量。针对高瓦斯矿井采空区瓦斯排放问题,提出了“边采边抽动排”的综合治理采空区瓦斯的设计方案,给出了瓦斯抽放最佳位置范围、抽放流量和导流风量最低临界限。 相似文献
994.
The water leakage in the urban areas causes a continuous rise in the water table, with harmful effects. An experimental drainage
system, based on horizontal well technology, was designed and implemented in a populated area. Groundwater flow modeling was
used to assess the hydrodynamic efficiency of the system through drain conductance parameter estimation. 相似文献
995.
Felix Bilek 《Environmental Geology》2006,49(5):674-683
Dump groundwaters in the former East-German lignite-mining district are characterized by high amounts of ferrous iron and
sulphate. Both the pyrite weathering products endanger the surface water quality when discharged into lakes. Only the precipitation
of both contaminants in the subsurface can prevent the further contamination of surface waters. The two-step process of microbial
catalyzed sulphate reduction and iron sulphide precipitation is limited by the low availability of natural organic substances
as electron donators. Therefore, a new remediation technique is developed based on the injection of a liquid organic electron
donator (methanol) into the contaminated aquifer. The saturated aquifer is used as a bioreactor, where iron monosulphides
are precipitated in the groundwater-filled pore space. Column experiments were performed under natural pressure and temperature
conditions with natural anoxic groundwater and original sediments to test the remediation technology. The test showed that
a complete iron removal (4 mmol/l), even under rather acid conditions (pH 3.8), is possible after having established an active
sulphate reducer population. The turnover of the added organic substance with sulphate is complete and the amount of the resulting
sulphide controls the effluent pH. In addition, intensified microbial activity triggers the turnover of natural organic substances.
Also, natural Fe(III) hydroxides react with the sulphide produced. Considering the long natural retention times (decades),
artificially enhanced FeS precipitation is spontaneous, although it shows kinetic behaviour in the range of days. In light
of the promising results, the development of a field scale application of this technique is considered to be necessary. It
will have to focus on the improved precipitation control of the FeS in the subsurface. 相似文献
996.
Gweltaz Maho Xavier Fayoux Stphane Guillot Eduardo Garzanti Paul Capiez Georges Mascle 《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2006,26(6):695-707
In the Ladakh–Zanskar area, relicts of both ophiolites and paleo-accretionary prism have been preserved in the Sapi-Shergol mélange zone. The paleo-accretionary prism, related to the northward subduction of the northern Neo-Tethys beneath the Ladakh Asian margin, mainly consists of tectonic intercalations of sedimentary and blueschist facies rocks. Whole rock chemical composition data provide new constraints on the origin of both the ophiolitic and the blueschist facies rocks. The ophiolitic rocks are interpreted as relicts of the south Ladakh intra-oceanic arc that were incorporated in the accretionary prism during imbrication of the arc. The blueschist facies rocks were previously interpreted as oceanic island basalts (OIB), but our new data suggest that the protolith of some of the blueschists is a calc-alkaline igneous rock that formed in an arc environment. These blueschists most likely originated from the south Ladakh intra-oceanic arc. This arc was accreted to the southern margin of Asia during the Late Cretaceous and the buried portion was metamorphosed under blueschist facies conditions. Following oceanic subduction, the external part of the arc was obducted to form the south Ladakh ophiolites or was incorporated into the Sapi-Shergol mélange zone. The incorporation of the south Ladakh arc into the accretionary prism implies that the complete closure of the Neo-Tethys likely occurred by Eocene time. 相似文献
997.
Elske de Zeeuw-van Dalfsen Hazel Rymer Glyn Williams-Jones Erik Sturkell Freysteinn Sigmundsson 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2006,68(5):420-431
New and previously published micro-gravity data are combined with InSAR data, precise levelling and GPS measurements to produce a model for the processes operating at Krafla volcano, 20 years after its most recent eruption. The data have been divided into two periods: from 1990 to 1995 and from 1996 to 2003 and show that the rate of deflation at Krafla is decaying exponentially. The net micro-gravity change at the centre of the caldera is shown, using the measured free air gradient, to be −85 μGal for the first and −100 μGal for the second period. After consideration of the effects of water extraction by the geothermal power station within the caldera, the net gravity decreases are −73±17 μGal for the first and −65±17 μGal for the second period. These decreases are interpreted in terms of magma drainage. Following a Mogi point source model, we calculate the mass decrease to be ∼2×1010 kg/year reflecting a drainage rate of ∼0.23 m3/s, similar to the ∼0.13 m3/s drainage rate previously found at Askja volcano, N. Iceland. Based on the evidence for deeper magma reservoirs and the similarity between the two volcanic systems, we suggest a pressure-link between Askja and Krafla at deeper levels (at the lower crust or the crust-mantle boundary). After the Krafla fires, co-rifting pressure decrease of a deep source at Krafla stimulated the subsequent inflow of magma, eventually affecting conditions along the plate boundary in N. Iceland, as far away as Askja. We anticipate that the pressure of the deeper reservoir at Krafla will reach a critical value and eventually magma will rise from there to the shallow magma chamber, possibly initiating a new rifting episode. We have demonstrated that by examining micro-gravity and geodetic data, our knowledge of active volcanic systems can be significantly improved.Editorial responsibility: A. Harris 相似文献
998.
The Cu (Pb, Zn) mine of Orijärvi (1757–1956) was the first mining operation in Finland where flotation techniques (1911–1955) were used to enrich ore. Large quantities of tailings were produced. The impacts of past mining activities on the aquatic ecosystem of nearby Lake Orijärvi were studied using a combination of paleolimnological methods (analysis of sedimentary diatom frustules, chrysophycean cysts, metal concentrations and radiometric datings). The acid mine drainage (AMD) – derived metal impact to the lake was found to be the strongest thus far recorded in Finland. Concentrations of Cu, Pb and Zn in sediments are two to three orders of magnitude higher than background values. During the most severe loading phase, there were practically no algae in the lake. Achnanthes minutissima was the hardiest species able to tolerate increased metal contents. The metal load has changed the properties of sediments in such a way that chrysophycean cysts were impossible to identify because of coating and corrosion. Lake water still has elevated heavy metal concentrations, indicating that the impact from the tailings area continues to affect the lake. It has low productivity, and the planktic diatom community is still not developed. The study demonstrates that unremediated mining areas form a major risk to the environment. The damage to aquatic ecosystem can remain severe for decades after the mining activities have ceased. 相似文献
999.
This study examines runoff and sediment generation rates within the road prism on unsealed road segments in the Cuttagee Creek catchment near Bermagui in New South Wales, Australia. A large (600 m2) rainfall simulator was used to measure runoff and sediment yields from each of the potential sediment and runoff sources and pathways. These included the road surface, table‐drain, upslope contributing area and cutslope face, and the entire road segment as measured at the drain outlet. Experiments were conducted on two major types of road (ridge‐top and cut‐and‐fill) of varying traffic usage and maintenance standard for two 30‐minute simulations of increasing rainfall intensity. From the range of possible sources within the road prism, the road surface produced the dominant source of excess runoff and sediment at each site with limited contributions from the table‐drain, cutslope face or contributing hillslope. Sediment generation varied significantly with road usage and traffic intensity. Road usage was strongly related to the amount of loose available sediment as measured prior to the experiments. Table‐drains acted primarily as sediment traps during the low rainfall event but changes in sediment concentration within the drains were observed as runoff volumes increased during the higher rainfall event of 110 mm h?1, releasing sediment previously stored in litter and organic dams. The experiments demonstrate the potential roles of various features of the road prism in the generation and movement of sediment and water. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
1000.
Mobility and retention of trace elements in hardpan-cemented cassiterite tailings, north Queensland, Australia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study reports on the mobility and retention of trace elements in cassiterite tailings at the inactive Jumna mill, tropical north Queensland. Since the 1980s, the uncapped tailings have developed laterally discontinuous Fe-rich hardpans, which are located in the higher parts of gently sloping tailings masses and at the top (<50 cm) of the tailings piles. Hardpan-cemented tailings comprise thin layers (typically ∼0.2–2 mm thick) of HFO (hydrous ferric oxides) and sulfate efflorescences cementing tailings grains. In comparison to the tailings, the hardpan-cemented tailings contain significantly higher median As, Ca, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, In, Mn, Mo, Stotal, Th, U, Y and Zn values. Partial leaching studies of tailings and pond water analyses indicate that wetting and acidification of Fe-cemented tailings removes significant proportions of trace elements into pore and surface waters. Tin shows no mobility due to the presence of weathering-resistant cassiterite (SnO2) and, As and Pb display limited mobility possibly due to their coprecipitation with jarosite-type phases and HFO materials at the top of the tailings profile. By contrast, the trace elements Cd, Ce, Cu, La, Ni, Pb, U and Zn display the greatest mobility, possibly due to their incorporation in soluble sulfate efflorescences and sorption onto mineral and HFO surfaces. Hence, the Fe-rich hardpans do not protect the sulfidic tailings from further oxidation nor do they cause permanent sequestration of trace elements. 相似文献