全文获取类型
收费全文 | 10044篇 |
免费 | 3732篇 |
国内免费 | 3406篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 1127篇 |
大气科学 | 4218篇 |
地球物理 | 1914篇 |
地质学 | 5942篇 |
海洋学 | 1799篇 |
天文学 | 142篇 |
综合类 | 773篇 |
自然地理 | 1267篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 49篇 |
2023年 | 172篇 |
2022年 | 438篇 |
2021年 | 605篇 |
2020年 | 584篇 |
2019年 | 635篇 |
2018年 | 557篇 |
2017年 | 606篇 |
2016年 | 645篇 |
2015年 | 707篇 |
2014年 | 927篇 |
2013年 | 948篇 |
2012年 | 978篇 |
2011年 | 951篇 |
2010年 | 713篇 |
2009年 | 810篇 |
2008年 | 684篇 |
2007年 | 856篇 |
2006年 | 637篇 |
2005年 | 651篇 |
2004年 | 517篇 |
2003年 | 445篇 |
2002年 | 364篇 |
2001年 | 375篇 |
2000年 | 333篇 |
1999年 | 318篇 |
1998年 | 294篇 |
1997年 | 222篇 |
1996年 | 200篇 |
1995年 | 189篇 |
1994年 | 185篇 |
1993年 | 145篇 |
1992年 | 105篇 |
1991年 | 70篇 |
1990年 | 51篇 |
1989年 | 48篇 |
1988年 | 49篇 |
1987年 | 25篇 |
1986年 | 14篇 |
1985年 | 24篇 |
1984年 | 13篇 |
1983年 | 8篇 |
1982年 | 8篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 5篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1954年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
191.
192.
Michael H. Ramsey Paul D. Taylor Katy A. Boon 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):209-210
All geochemical measurements require the taking of field samples, but the uncertainty that this process causes is often ignored when assessing the reliability of the interpretation, of the geochemistry or the health implications. Recently devised methods for the estimation, optimisation and reduction of this uncertainty have been evaluated by their application to the investigation of contaminated land. Uncertainty of measurement caused by primary sampling has been estimated for a range of six different contaminated land site investigations, using an increasingly recognized procedure. These site investigations were selected to reflect a wide range of different sizes, contaminants (organic and metals), previous land uses (e.g. tin mining, railway sidings and gas works), intended future use (housing to nature reserves) and routinely applied sampling methods. The results showed that the uncertainty on measurements was substantial, ranging from 25% to 186% of the concentration values at the different sites. Sampling was identified as the dominant source of the uncertainty (〉70% of measurement uncertainty) in most cases. The fitness-for-purpose of the measurements was judged using the optimized contaminated land investigation (OCLI) method. This identifies the optimal level of uncertainty that reduces to overall financial loss caused by the measurement procedures and the misclassification of the contamination, caused by the uncertainty. Generally the uncertainty of the actual measurements made in these different site investigations was found to be sub-optimal, and too large by a factor of approximately two. The uncertainty is usually limited by the sampling, but this can be reduced by increasing the sample mass by a factor of 4 (predicted by sampling theory). It is concluded that knowing the value of the uncertainty enables the interpretation to be made more reliable, and that sampling is the main factor limiting most investigations. This new approach quantifies this problem for the first time, and allows sampling procedures to be critically evaluated, and modified, to improve the reliability of the geochemical assessment. 相似文献
193.
Thermal expansion differences between minerals within rocks under insolation have previously been assumed to drive breakdown by means of granular disaggregation. However, there have been no definitive demonstrations of the efficacy of this weathering mechanism. Different surface temperatures between minerals should magnify thermal expansion differences, and thus subject adjacent minerals to repeated stresses that might cause breakdown through fatigue failure. This work confirms the existence of surface temperature differences between minerals in granitic rocks under simulated short-term temperature fluctuations so as to discriminate their potential for initiating granular disaggregation. The influence of colour, as a surrogate for albedo, and crystal size, as a function of thermal mass are specifically identified because of their ease of quantification. Four rock types with a range of these properties were examined, and subjected to repeated short-term temperature cycles by radiative heating and cooling under laboratory conditions. Results show that while albedo is the main control for overall and individual maximum temperatures, crystal size is the main factor controlling higher temperature differences between minerals. Thus, stones with large differences of mineral sizes can undergo magnified stresses due to thermal expansion differences. 相似文献
194.
Based on the high temperature data of June to August in 1961-2000 in North China, the high temperature weather processes are investigated, and a more complete data set for severe high temperature processes is created. The climatic characteristics of adverse high temperature weather in Beijing, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang, Jinan and Taiyuan are analyzed respectively. The major features of the East-Asia Subtropical High and Transformed Continental High are discussed. The outcomes indicate that the influence of both East Asia Subtropical High and Transformed Continental High on these weather events varies, by a larger margin, from one city to another over North China and they are also closely related to the relative humidity. It is found that the behaviours of East-Asia Subtropical High and Transformed Continental High are the major important systems that give rise to the summer high temperature weather over the region. Based on these findings, the 5-day, 10-day and monthly assessment models for such high impact events have been developed. The assessment outcomes prove to be useful in assessing severe high-temperature events in major cities of North China. 相似文献
195.
YANG Xuchao ZHANG Yili ZHANG Wei YAN Yuping WANG Zhaofeng DING Mingjun CHU Duo 《地理学报》2006,16(3):326-336
Using monthly average, maximum, minimum air temperature and monthly precipitation data from 5 weather stations in Mt. Qomolangma region in China from 1971 to 2004, climatic linear trend, moving average, low-pass filter and accumulated variance analysis methods, the spatial and temporal patterns of the climatic change in this region were analyzed. The main findings can be summarized as follows: (1) There is obvious ascending tendency for the interannual change of air temperature in Mt. Qomolangma region and the ascending tendency of Tingri, the highest station, is the most significant. The rate of increasing air temperature is 0.234 oC/decade in Mt. Qomolangma region, 0.302 oC/decade in Tingri. The air temperature increases more strongly in non-growing season. (2) Compared with China and the global average, the warming of Mt. Qomolangma region occurred early. The linear rates of temperature increase in Mt. Qomolangma region exceed those for China and the global average in the same period. This is attributed to the sensitivity of mountainous regions to climate change. (3) The southern and northern parts of Mt. Qomolangma region are quite different in precipitation changes. Stations in the northern part show increasing trends but are not statistically significant. Nyalam in the southern part shows a decreasing trend and the sudden decreasing of precipitation occurred in the early 1990s. (4) Compared with the previous studies, we find that the warming of Mt. Qomolangma high-elevation region is most significant in China in the same period. The highest automatic meteorological comprehensive observation station in the world set up at the base camp of Mt. Qomolangma with a height of 5032 m a.s.l will play an important role in monitoring the global climate change. 相似文献
196.
197.
Brian Emmerson James Jackson Dan McKenzie Keith Priestley 《Geophysical Journal International》2006,167(3):1233-1272
198.
由于煤层气的解吸热效应,煤层气的运移过程是一个非等温过程。因此,温度场对煤层气渗流有着重要的影响。前人在研究煤层气渗流规律的研究中并没有同时考虑滑脱效应和温度场因素的影响,而在实际的深部开采中综合考虑滑脱效应和温度场的影响对研究深部煤层气运移规律有着重要的意义。因此本文建立了考虑滑脱效应及温度场的煤层气渗流数学模型,利用有限元数值方法研究了考虑滑脱效应和温度场耦合的煤层气运移规律;研究了考虑滑脱效应和温度场对压力场分布的影响;对考虑滑脱效应及温度场因素的煤层气产量进行了预测。得出了随着温度的升高煤储层的压力在降低,温度的升高对煤层气的产量有着负面的影响这一重要结论。 相似文献
199.
PDC钻头在寺河煤矿瓦斯预抽放钻井中的应用 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
在寺河矿区一期瓦斯地面预抽放钻井施工中,使用传统的镶齿三牙轮钻头钻进,钻进速度低,仅为2.0m/h,且井斜不易控制、钻头寿命短、成本较高。通过对寺河煤矿地层特征的分析,在二期工程施工中,9#煤以上地层优选六翼内凹式PDC钻头钻进,采取一定技术措施并合理调整钻压、转速及泵量等钻进参数,钻速可达7.0m/h,井斜也得到有效控制,降低了钻井成本。 相似文献
200.
Chemical methods are generally chosen to monitor soil pollution but magnetic measurements proved to yield additional information at low cost and less time consumption. In this investigation, the novel use of rapid and non-destructive magnetic measurements to characterize Br levels in Xuzhou (China) urban roadside soils was reported. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) was used to quantify Br in the soil samples. Data from 21 roadside soil samples confirm Br contamination, with a mean level of 4.36 mg kg−1 and a range of 2.4–8.7 mg kg−1. These values are higher than that of unpolluted soils in Xuzhou that averages 1.1 mg kg−1. Hierarchical clustering analysis shows Br in Xuzhou roadside soils is mainly from road traffic. Clear correlations between Br levels and simple magnetic parameters [mass specific susceptibility (χ
LF), susceptibility of anhysteretic remanent magnetization (χ
ARM), saturation isothermal remanence (SIRM)] are observed. The present study shows that these three magnetic parameters can be used as a proxy for Br levels in Xuzhou urban roadside soils. 相似文献