Three‐dimensional vibration control of high‐tech facilities against earthquakes and microvibration using hybrid platform     

Xiao‐Jian Hong  Songye Zhu  You‐Lin Xu 《地震工程与结构动力学》2010,39(6):615-634

High‐tech equipments engaged in the production of ultra‐precision products have very stringent vibration criteria for their functionality in normal operation conditions and their safety during an earthquake. Most previous investigations were based on simplified planar models of building structures, despite the fact that real ground motions and structures are always three‐dimensional. This paper hence presents a three‐dimensional analytical study of a hybrid platform on which high‐tech equipments are mounted for their vibration mitigation. The design methodology of the hybrid platform proposed in this study is based on dual‐level performance objectives for high‐tech equipments: safety against seismic hazard and functionality against traffic‐induced microvibration. The passive devices (represented by springs and viscous dampers) and the active actuators are designed, respectively, to meet vibration criteria corresponding to safety level and functionality level. A prototype three‐story building with high‐tech equipments installed on the second floor is selected in the case study to evaluate the effectiveness of the hybrid platform. The optimal location of the platform on the second building floor is determined during the design procedure in terms of the minimal H ₂ cost function of absolute velocity response. The simulation of the coupled actuator‐platform‐building system subjected to three‐dimensional ground motions indicates that the optimally designed hybrid platform can well achieve the dual target performance and effectively mitigate vibration at both ground motion levels. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

埃达克岩：关于其成因的一些不同观点   总被引：171，自引：57，他引：114  

MarcJDEFANT  许继峰 《岩石学报》2002,18(2):129-142

埃达克岩的概念是十多年前提出来的,指由俯冲的年轻洋壳熔融形成的火成岩。自从最初在现代岛弧近十几个地方报道埃达克岩以来,新近又在几个地方发现有埃达克岩（如日本西南部,外墨西哥火山岩带,等等）。但是,过去十 多年的研究也表明,埃达克岩可以由俯冲期间的其它过程产生（例如,沿俯冲板片的撕裂边,留在上地幔中的板片残余等）。另外,埃达克岩似乎与一些岩石呈共生组合,这些岩石包括高镁安山岩、富Nb的弦玄武岩（NEAB）,还可能有玻安岩（几个研究者已在玻安岩中发现有埃达克岩的组分）。高镇安山岩不是来自埃达克与地幔的相互作用（Adak-type),就是来自此相互作用期间地幔的熔融（Piip-type);富Nb的弦玄武岩,据认为是来自一种被埃达我岩广泛交代的地幔的部分熔融。作为一个新的岩套,埃达克岩交代火山岩系列已被建议用来解释各种岩石组合。此外,大量的富Pb弧玄武岩也已被发现包含有超镁铁质的地幔包体,而这些包体有高亏损地幔与埃达克反应的明显证据。关于主要与下地壳熔而不是冲板片有关的埃达克岩的起源已提出几种假说,一个模型认为,下地壳熔融出现在玄武质岩浆底侵下地壳时。但是,有许多理由似乎可以排除这种模式。另一种模型认为,在大陆地壳很厚的区域,下地壳可能变成榴辉岩,从而拆离并下沉到地幔中（拆沉）。这个拆沉过程将导致下地壳下中拆沉的下地壳的上部与相对热的地幔接触,进而可引起下地壳熔融和埃达克岩的形成。这使我们认为,在中国东部发现的与俯冲作用无关的白垩纪埃达克可能是下地壳熔融与拆沉作用的产物。我们 还要强调,如果下地壳熔融与拆沉作用真能形成埃达克岩,那么埃达克岩这一术语不应该仅仅局限于与板片熔融有关的过程,而应包括那些与下地壳熔融有关的过程。太古宙的大陆地壳主要由奥长花岗岩、英云闪长岩和英安岩（TTD）组成。这种大陆地壳是来自板片熔融还是下地壳熔融仍是有争议的。然而,我们认为,太古宙期间地幔的较高温度会导致较多的洋中脊的形成,从而产生比今天“更多”的年轻洋壳的俯冲。据此,我们认为,太古宙TTD大陆地宙主要由板片熔融形成。我们也注意到,太古宙是广泛金矿化的时期。有些研究者还发现,金和铜的矿化与埃达克质交代火山岩系列有关。因此,该火山岩系列可能会寻找金属矿床的一个重要标志。  相似文献   

Kimberlite-like Metasomatism and 'Garnet Signature' in Spinel-peridotite Xenoliths from Sal, Cape Verde Archipelago: Relics of a Subcontinental Mantle Domain within the Atlantic Oceanic Lithosphere?   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

BONADIMAN  C.; BECCALUVA  L.; COLTORTI  M.; SIENA  F. 《Journal of Petrology》2005,46(12):2465-2493

A mantle xenolith suite from two Late Tertiary necks on SalIsland (Cape Verde Archipelago) consists of nearly equivalentamounts of anhydrous spinel-bearing lherzolites and harzburgites,in which secondary metasomatic textural domains are superimposedon the original protogranular textures. Detailed petrographicstudies, coupled with in situ major and trace element analysesof the constituent minerals and interstitial glasses, revealthe complex evolutionary history of the Cape Verde lithosphericmantle, from depletion in the garnet facies to re-equilibrationand re-enrichment in the spinel stability field. Low CaO (16·4–18·0wt %) and heavy rare earth element (HREE; Yb_n = 2·4–4·8),and high Cr₂O₃ (1·06–1·84 wt %) contentsin the clinopyroxenes of the lherzolites can be quantitativelyaccounted for by (1) low-degree (4%) partial melting of a PrimitiveMantle-like garnet lherzolite followed by (2) partial re-equilibrationof the melting residuum from the garnet to the spinel stabilityfield. This model is further supported by thermobarometric estimates(T = 975–1210°C; P = 1·3–2·1 GPa),which cluster around the spinel–garnet boundary in theperidotite system. Secondary parageneses, regardless of theprimary lithologies, are characterized by (1) two clinopyroxenes,cpx2-O and cpx2-C, respectively related to orthopyroxene andclinopyroxene destabilization after reaction with metasomaticfluids, and (2) glasses with anomalously high, even for continentalsettings, K₂O contents (up to 8·78 wt %), together withK-feldspar. Major and trace element mass balance calculationsbetween the primary and secondary parageneses suggest infiltrationof a kimberlite-like metasomatizing agent (on volatile-freebasis, MgO 17–27 wt %; K₂O/Na₂O 1·6–3·2molar; (K₂O + Na₂O)/Al₂O₃ 1·1–3·0 molar;Rb 91–165 ppm; Zr 194–238 ppm). The kimberlite-likemetasomatism in the Cape Verde lithospheric mantle, togetherwith the presence of lherzolitic domains, partially re-equilibratedfrom the garnet to the spinel stability field, may suggest thepresence of subcontinental mantle lithosphere relicts left behindby drifting of the African Plate during the opening of the CentralAtlantic Ocean. KEY WORDS: Cape Verde; mantle metasomatism; garnet signatures; clinopyroxenes; kimberlites  相似文献   

Formation of wollastonite-bearing marbles during late regional metamorphic channelled fluid flow in the Upper Calcsilicate Unit of the Reynolds Range Group,central Australia*     

I. CARTWRIGHT  I. S. BUICK 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1995,13(3):397-417

Abstract Granulite facies marbles from the Upper Calcsilicate Unit of the Reynolds Range, central Australia, contain metre-scale wollastonite-bearing layers formed by infiltration of water-rich (X_CO2= 0.1–0.3) fluids close to the peak of regional metamorphism at c. 700° C. Within the wollastonite marbles, zones that contain <10% wollastonite alternate on a millimetre scale with zones containing up to 66% wollastonite. Adjacent wollastonite-free marbles contain up to 11% quartz that is uniformly distributed. This suggests that, although some wollastonite formed by the reaction calcite + quartz = wollastonite + CO₂, the wollastonite-rich zones also underwent silica metasomatism. Time-integrated fluid fluxes required to cause silica metasomatism are one to two orders of magnitude higher than those required to hydrate the rocks, implying that time-integrated fluid fluxes varied markedly on a millimetre scale. Interlayered millimetre -to centimetre-thick marls within the wollastonite marbles contain calcite + quartz without wollastonite. These marls were probably not infiltrated by significant volumes of water-rich fluids, providing further evidence of local fluid channelling. Zones dominated by grandite garnet at the margins of the marl layers and marbles in the wollastonite-bearing rocks probably formed by Fe metasomatism, and may record even higher fluid fluxes. The fluid flow also reset stable isotope ratios. The wollastonite marbles have average calcite (Cc) δ¹⁸O values of 15.4 ± 1.6% that are lower than the average δ¹⁸O(Cc) value of wollastonite-free marbles (c. 17.2 ± 1.2%). δ¹³C(Cc) values for the wollastonite marbles vary from 0.4% to as low as -5.3%, and correlations between δ¹⁸O(Cc) and δ¹³C(Cc) values probably result from the combination of fluid infiltration and devolatilization. Fluids were probably derived from aluminous pegmatites, and the pattern of mineralogical and stable isotope resetting implies that fluid flow was largely parallel to strike.  相似文献   

钢支撑及框架-中心支撑双重抗侧力体系研究现状、不足及改进   总被引：13，自引：2，他引：13  

连尉安  张耀春 《地震工程与工程振动》2005,25(3):67-75

本文在总结钢支撑滞回性能及高层双重抗侧力体系研究现状的基础上，分析了现象学、物理学及有限元3种钢支撑模拟方法的优缺点，并针对现有支撑模拟方法及支撑疲劳累积损伤研究的不足提出了可行的改进方法。分析了框架一中心支撑双重体系研究中若干关键性问题之后，指出了我国《高层民用建筑钢结构技术规程》(JGJ99-98)等有关规范中关于双重体系设计相关条款存在的分歧及不足，并提出了通过双重结构体系在罕遇地震下的反应特性模拟分析来统一认识的建议。  相似文献   

赣杭构造带中西段中生代基性脉岩地球化学特征   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

齐有强  胡瑞忠  刘燊  戚华文  冯彩霞 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2008,38(5)

赣杭构造带中西段发育的基性脉岩以辉绿岩为主,SiO2质量分数为46.88%~53.69%,从西段至中段总体显示亚碱性至碱性的变化规律。微量元素相对富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)和轻稀土元素(LREE),亏损高场强元素(HFSE)和重稀土元素(HREE)。稀土元素总量具有明显的规律性分布,即呈中段(广丰)—中西段交接部(余江、东乡)—西段(永丰、峡江)的递减趋势。西段永丰地区有明显的负Eu异常。Sr、Nd同位素变化比较大((87Sr/86Sr)i为0.704 635~0.708 769,(143Nd/144Nd)i为0.512 173~0.512 758,εNd(t)为-6.8~ 5.6),暗示其源区具有明显的不均一性。具体表现为中西段结合部(东乡、余江)及西段(峡江)为亏损地幔,而西段(永丰)和中段(广丰)为偏向EMⅡ型富集地幔来源。基性脉岩总体表现为地幔部分熔融的产物,西段(永丰)受到较明显的分离结晶作用影响。在古太平洋板块俯冲影响下产生的弧后拉张作用以及造成的构造带重新活化作用对基性脉岩的形成产生了重要影响,地区间岩石地球化学特征上的差异主要与流体对岩浆源区交代程度的不同有关。  相似文献   

一种顾及驱动因子重要性的双约束RF-Patch-CA城市扩张模拟方法     

刘天林  刘明皓  荆磊  李婷 《地理与地理信息科学》2021,37(2):63-70

城市扩张模拟为实现土地资源合理分配与制定城市发展规划政策提供依据。该文针对传统元胞自动机(CA)在城市扩张模拟中存在城市元胞密集区域团簇现象,耦合随机森林(RF)与基于斑块(Patch)扩张的CA模型,在顾及驱动因子重要性基础上构建基于斑块最大面积和城市扩张总量的双约束RF-Patch-CA模型,并利用该模型模拟重庆主城都市区2010-2017年城市扩张。结果显示:该模型总体精度达97.62%,相比传统的RF-CA、ANN-CA和Logistic-CA模型,Kappa系数分别提高了0.0222、0.0231和0.0245,FoM分别提高了0.0376、0.0391和0.0414;在景观相似度上,该模型相比以上3种模型分别提高了40.92%、41.16%和32.33%,最接近真实情况,而且避免了模拟结果产生城市元胞团簇现象,有效提高了城市扩张模拟精度。  相似文献   

Element mobility associated with syn-metamorphic shear zones near Scotchport, NW Mayo, Ireland   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

J. A. WINCHESTER  M. D. MAX 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1984,2(1):1-11

Abstract Three major blastomylonitic synmetamorphic (epidote amphibolite to mid amphibolite facies) shear zones are seen on the NW coast of the Mullet Peninsula in NW Mayo. These shear zones occur at the contacts of major structural units and in an imbricated slice where rocks of the Erris Complex are deformed and chemically modified. Chemical changes associated with individual shear zones have been deduced by comparing the compositions of various gneisses both within and adjacent to the shear zones. Compositional changes are different in the constituent rock-types within each unit and many elements normally considered immobile have been selectively mobilized within the shear zones. Little evidence of wholesale metasomatic introduction of components into these shear zones was found to accompany the selective mobilization.  相似文献   

粤北竹筒尖矿床碱交代花岗岩地球化学特征及地质意义          下载免费PDF全文

罗强  刘文泉  张海强  伏顺成  李俊 《地质找矿论丛》2020,35(2):210-215

竹筒尖矿床位于粤北下庄矿田西北部,区内碱交代作用较发育,碱交代花岗岩主要呈面状展布,与铀矿化关系密切。为研究区内碱交代过程元素变化特征及其与铀成矿的关系,文章系统采集了5件碱交代花岗岩样品,分析了其主量及微量元素组成。结果表明,与新鲜花岗岩相比,碱交代花岗岩中SiO_2、Na_2O含量明显降低,而K_2O含量显著偏高,表明区内碱交代以钾质交代为主;碱交代花岗岩中相对富集Rb、Th及U元素,亏损Ba、Sr、Ti等元素,w(LREE)/w(HREE)值相对降低,δEu值与新鲜花岗岩一致。上述特征表明,区内碱交代花岗岩与新鲜花岗岩可能具有相同的形成环境及物质来源,同时暗示流体中的U可能来自花岗岩;碱交代作用的发育有利于富铀花岗岩中铀的活化转移,为成矿流体中铀的富集创造了有利条件。  相似文献   

双偏振雷达产品在福建强对流天气过程中的应用分析   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

冯晋勤  张深寿  吴陈锋  江帆  巫锡洪 《气象》2018,44(12):1565-1574

利用高空地面资料和厦门双偏振雷达资料对2016年12月21—22日福建东南部沿海出现的一次冰雹、短时强降水强对流天气过程进行分析。结果表明,21日午后的冰雹天气是在暖区内西南气流暖湿强迫背景下产生的,21日夜里的强降水天气则是斜压锋生类强对流天气。利用双偏振雷达产品可分析出冰雹的相态演变:明显的冰雹特征(Z_(DR)≤0、回波强度≥55 dBz)首先出现在0℃层附近,后向上向下发展,高层出现三体散射现象,但由于干湿球0℃层高度相当,融化层厚度厚,午后地面温度超过20℃,冰雹在下降过程中Z_(DR)、K_(DP)由负值转正值,表明冰雹逐渐融化成大雨滴或外包水膜的冰雹;三体散射回波强度15～20 dBz区域,对应的Z_(DR)出现由负极值到正极值的突变区,CC0. 7,呈现非气象回波的特征。短时强降水对应Z_(DR)、K_(DP)随反射率因子的增大而增大,CC0. 97,说明强降雨是由大量粒子较大的雨滴造成的。  相似文献