The possible contribution of circumferential fault intrusion to caldera resurgence     

S.?J.?SaundersEmail author 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2004,67(1):57-71

In the geological record, the intrusion of substantial amounts of magma into circumferential faults and ring fractures is commonly observed. Finite element modelling is used here to investigate the strain field that may be expected from such intrusive events. Two simple vertical scenarios are explored, one for a caldera with a central block of thickness to diameter ratio of ~1:1 (similar to Rabaul) and one with a ratio much less than 1:1 (similar to the Valles type). Surface deformation in both cases is similar with central uplift, the development of a moat (or trough) like feature just outside of the intersection of the azimuth of the intruded ring fault and the free surface, and broader scale tumescence at a scale several times larger than the calderas radius. The response of the block and sub-caldera magma chamber for the two scenarios, however, is different. The blocks are in effect squeezed; the high aspect ratio one deforms upwards at the surface and downwards at its base, whereas the low aspect ration one experiences up arching (or bending) of the central part of the caldera block. Central uplift still occurs when only a short arc of a ring fracture system or a circumferential fault is intruded. In both models, tumescence in the centre of the caldera from single ring dyke intrusion can only account for decimetres to metres of surface uplift. Repeated intrusions over tens to hundreds of thousands of years, however, may cause incremental up doming of the caldera block leading to larger scale resurgent features. The amount of uplift possible due to squeezing of a high aspect ratio block is limited. It is proposed, however, that where bending of plate-like blocks occur above a decompressible and/or malleable magma body, ring fault intrusion may be a significant contributor to resurgence. In the simple conceptual models shown here, the amount of ring dyke-induced central uplift will be >40–50% of the width of the ring complex. In the geological record the accumulation of intrusions into some ring fractures has led to annular or arcuate plutons of hundreds of meters to several kilometres in thickness. At certain calderas such intrusions may be a control on the marked concentration of uplift within the restricted area defined by the caldera faults. The complex nature of the horizontal displacements associated with the intrusion of ring and arcuate dykes is also explored. Intrusion into ring fracture zones will tend to take place into those sectors of the annular zone which are perpendicular to the least compressive stress vector. This may be a factor in the observed difference for caldera evolution in extensional and compressional areas. The unrest at several modern calderas is tentatively related to circumferential fault intrusion.Editorial responsibility: J. Stix  相似文献   

塔里木二叠纪石英正长斑岩岩墙的发现及其构造意义   总被引：18，自引：16，他引：18  

杨树锋  厉子龙  陈汉林  肖文交  余星  林秀斌  施锡桂 《岩石学报》2006,22(5):1405-1412

新疆塔里木盆地内部发育了大量二叠纪(260～292 Ma)玄武岩类为主的岩浆岩,主要由玄武岩、辉绿岩、玄武安山岩、超镁铁质岩石和正长岩等组成。作者野外地质调查过程中在巴楚水工团附近发现石英正长斑岩岩墙的出现。这些石英正长斑岩属准铝质(A/CNK＜1),其中SiO_2含量为66～67%,并以富K_2O+Na_2O(10～11%)、K_2O/Na_2O(0．8～0．9)和较低的Mg/(Mg+Fe)比值为特征,且具有富集大离子亲石元素(Ba、Rb)和高场强元素含量(Zr、Nb、Y)、Ga/Al比值、高的稀土总量(631～734×10~(-6))、高度富集的LREE/HREE比值以及具Eu的负异常。这些特征并结合构造判别图解显示其具有典型的A型花岗岩的特征。低的Y/Nb(0．4)＜1．2以及微量元素蜘蛛网图中呈现大离子亲石元素富集以及Nb平坦或稍凸的图谱指示其源区来自于地幔,且在典型板内环境下形成。与小海子水库出露的正长岩的成分特征比较接近并很可能具有相同的源区成分。笔者对小海子正长岩体中粗粒正长岩采用精确的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb同位素定年,获得可靠的一致性年龄值为277±4 Ma,暗示小海子正长岩体侵位时代为277 Ma。根据野外观察、地球化学特征和构造环境的初步研究和对比,石英正长斑岩岩墙与小海子正长岩体一起很可能都是在早二叠世晚期形成,约在277Ma左右,它们代表了二叠纪陆内稳定环境下形成的产物,并可能作为塔里木地区最后一次大的岩浆热事件结束的标志。  相似文献   

邯邢煤田岩浆岩侵入体的水文地质意义     

闫海渠 《中国煤田地质》2006,18(4):33-35

邯邢煤田煤系及其上覆地层中常有岩浆岩侵入体穿插。通过调查研究发现：侵入体的大小不同，其对地下水影响表现不一；区域上的岩体使地下水运动受阻隔，而穿插于煤系地层中的薄层岩脉则往往形成含、储水空间，成为导水通道；而且岩浆岩体的存在对地下水的化学成分还有一定的影响。因而，认识和分析岩浆岩侵入体的水文地质意义，对于客观分析煤（井）田的水文地质条件，尤其对矿井生产中防治水工作具有积极的意义。  相似文献   

河南商城地区岩墙的锆石SHRIMPU-Pb年龄及其地质意义   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王团华  毛景文  谢桂青 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2008,27(4)

对侵位于河南省商城县白垩纪商城花岗岩体中的岩墙进行的锆石SHRIMPU．Pb法年代学研究表明,单颗粒锆石的年龄数据反映出中一新太古代（2843Ma）、中元古代（1886Ma、1829Ma）、新元古代（768．4～535．1Ma）、古生代（353．7Ma、262．2Ma）和中生代（234．2～117．8Ma）的年龄,与区域构造事件和地质演化历史有很好的对应性。结合前人对大别造山带各类岩石年代学研究的结果,笔者认为岩墙锆石测年给出的谐和年龄751．3土39．9Ma代表大别造山带中元古代晋宁期一期重要且强度很高的变质作用年代。根据前人对大别造山带大地构造演化历史的认识,结合本文岩墙年代学研究结果,笔者认为岩墙锆石测年结果可能印证了秦岭一大别造山带中生代以来的、以岩石圈基底拆沉作用为基本特征的强烈壳幔相互作用。  相似文献   

Major and Trace Element and Sr, Nd, Hf, and Pb Isotope Compositions of the Karoo Large Igneous Province, Botswana-Zimbabwe: Lithosphere vs Mantle Plume Contribution   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Jourdan  F.; Bertrand  H.; Scharer  U.; Blichert-Toft  J.; Feraud  G.; Kampunzu  A. B. 《Journal of Petrology》2007,48(6):1043-1077

We report major and trace element abundances for 147 samplesand Sr, Nd, Hf, and Pb isotope compositions for a 36 samplesubset of basaltic lava flows, sills, and dykes from the Karoocontinental flood basalt (CFB) province in Botswana, Zimbabwe,and northern South Africa. Both low- and high-Ti (TiO₂ <2 wt % and > 2 wt %) rocks are included. MELTS modeling showsthat these magmas evolved at low pressure (1 kbar) through fractionalcrystallization of gabbroic assemblages. Whereas both groupsdisplay enrichment in light rare earth elements (LREE) relativeto heavy REE (HREE) and high field strength elements, and systematicnegative Nb anomalies, they differ in terms of contrasting middleREE (MREE) to HREE fractionation, which is greater for the high-Tibasalts. This reflects different depths of melting of slightlyenriched mantle sources: calculations suggest that the low-Tibasalts were generated by melting of a shallow spinel-bearing(2 % spinel) lherzolite, whereas the high-Ti magmas originatedfrom a deeper-seated garnet-bearing (2–7% garnet) lherzolite.In most isotope plots, the high-Ti lavas together with the picritesdefine a common trend from Bulk Silicate Earth (BSE) to compositionswith strongly negative Nd_i and Hf_i akin to those of some nephelinitesand lamproites. The low-Ti rocks are shifted from BSE-like tomore radiogenic Sr isotope ratios, indicative of upper crustalcontamination. Trace element and isotope characteristics ofthe Karoo magmas require a combination of enrichment processes(subduction induced?) and long-term isolation of the mantlesources. We propose two distinct scenarios to explain the originof the Karoo province. The first calls for polybaric meltingof spatially heterogeneous, partially veined, sub-continentallithospheric mantle (SCLM). Calculations show that mixing betweenSCLM (BSE) and a strongly Nd–Hf unradiogenic nephelinite-likecomponent (sediment input?) could account for the compositionalvariations of most of the high-Ti group lavas, whereas the mantlecomposition responsible for the low-Ti magmas is more likelyto be similar to a vein-free, metasomatically enriched SCLMcomponent. The second scenario involves mixing between two end-membersrepresented by the SCLM and its deep-seated alkalic veins anda sub-lithospheric (asthenospheric- or ocean island basalt-like?)mantle plume. In this case, the data are compatible with anincreasing mantle plume contribution as the plume rises andexpands through the lithosphere. Regardless of which of thetwo scenarios is invoked, the spatial distribution of the low-and high-Ti magmas matches the relative positioning of the cratonsand the Limpopo belt in such a way that strong control of thelithosphere on magma composition and distribution is a mandatoryrequirement of any petrogenetic model applied to the Karoo CFB. KEY WORDS: Karoo; large igneous province; flood basalts; dyke swarms; major and trace elements; Sr; Nd; Hf; and Pb isotopes  相似文献   

不同结构型式及高程离岸潜堤投射系数实验研究     

李玉龙  庞亮  孙国峰 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2014,44(1)

针对威海九龙湾岸滩治理工程,进行不同结构型式及不同高程离岸潜堤的物理模型试验。根据物理模型试验的结果,得出离岸潜堤透射系数Kt与主要影响因子的相互关系。得出影响潜堤透射系数最主要的因子为相对堤顶水深(a/Hi),在一定水位条件下,相对堤顶长度(B/L)也能影响透射系数。借助MATLAB数学软件平台,将数据进行回归分析,得出不规则波作用下潜堤透射系数的经验公式,为此类工程设计提供参考。  相似文献   

轻质硬壳堤坝在沿海滩涂中的应用     

陶松垒  陶钧甫  李未材  杨洁  叶良 《海岸工程》2004,23(1):29-34

为了能在各种不同地质的滩涂中发展水产养殖,快速、经济、高效地建造堤坝,提出了硬壳轻质堤坝在滩涂水产养殖中的应用结构体系。阐述了硬壳轻质堤坝的构造和材料、施工工艺及设计方法。具有施工快、稳定性好、防冲蚀、防渗性好的特点,从而提高软弱地基和砂土地基滩涂上的养殖效益。  相似文献   

防潮堤坝对山东昌邑滨海湿地植物及土壤性质的影响分析   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

陈琤  刘玉虹  陆滢  王光美  张华 《海洋科学》2017,41(5):50-58

为研究防潮堤坝对滨海湿地植物及土壤性质的影响,本研究在昌邑国家级海洋生态特别保护区内,通过样线法进行野外调查采样,进行防潮堤坝内外土壤、植被以及两者之间联系的分析,研究了堤坝内外植被及土壤性质差异。结果表明:堤坝内外土壤、植被有一定的差异;堤坝外部土壤C、N、P含量小于堤坝内部,堤坝外部土壤盐度大于堤坝内部;堤坝外部是以盐地碱蓬(Suaeda salsa)和獐毛(Aeluropus sinensis)为主滨海湿地景观,堤坝内部则是以柽柳(Tamarix chinensis)为主的灌草丛景观;保护区内物种丰富度与土壤盐度值呈负相关关系,随着盐度的升高,堤坝外部物种丰富度低于堤坝内部;芦苇(Phragmites australis)体内TC、TN、TP及C︰N︰P与土壤C、N、P含量及C︰N︰P没有明显相关性,而柽柳体内N含量与土壤P含量呈明显负相关关系,说明木本植物比草本植物更加依赖土壤中营养元素的供给。  相似文献   

两种治理洞庭湖的实用技术     

龙昭陵 《湖南地质》1999,18(4):271-274

精确地测量湖垸高差,是“退田还湖、移民建镇”的科学依据,堤身隐患探测及坝基稳定性评价,是加固干堤的基本前提。ＧＩＳ及高密度电阻率法两种先进实用技术,是项目实施的先进手段。  相似文献   

Formation Age of the Sujiagou Komatiites in Western Shandong: Further Constraints from SHRIMP U‐Pb Zircon Dating on Granitic Dykes     

WAN Yusheng  DONG Chunyan  XIE Hangqiang  WANG Shijin 《《地质学报》英文版》2020,94(4):877-883

Komatiites are presented as direct evidence for higher mantle temperatures during the Archean. In the North China Craton, komatiites with spinifex structure have been identified only at one locality, i.e. the Sujiagou area, western Shandong. They were considered as formed during the early Neoarchean mainly based on their association with supracrustal rocks considered to be that age. This study carried out SHRIMP U-Pb zircon dating on metamorphosed trondhjemitic and monzogranitic dykes intruding the Sujiagou komatiites, and they have magmatic zircon ages of 2592 ± 12 Ma and 2586 ± 13 Ma respectively. This provides direct evidence that the komatiites formed during the early Neoarchean.  相似文献