Geodynamics of the Early Precambrian,Part 1: Volcanism and associated mantle processes     

O. M. Rosen  A. A. Shchipansky 《Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation》2007,15(5):449-469

The work is dedicated to most important abiotic processes of the Early Precambrian, effect of which is recorded in continental crust, and to complementary processes in subcontinental mantle. We intend to figure out when a certain process was triggered first in the past and what indications suggest its further activity, evolution and possible cessation in subsequent geological history. Considerations are based on described natural objects characterizing particular geological events and enabling the cause-and-effect interpretation in order to understand different viewpoints known from publications. Considered in the work are the early Precambrian greenstone belts and ophiolites, island-arc systems and ecologites, magmatism unconnected with subduction zones (rifting-related, plateau basalts, dykes, kimberlites) and anorthosites representing a group of heterochronous intrusions of complicated genesis. Main considerations are premised with a brief review of the earliest geodynamic phenomena associated with meteorite impacts by termination of the planetary accretion.  相似文献   

Principal stages in evolution of Precambrian organic world: Communication 1. Archean and Early Proterozoic     

V. N. Sergeev  M. A. Semikhatov  M. A. Fedonkin  A. F. Veis  N. G. Vorob’eva 《Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation》2007,15(2):141-160

Expounded in this work are the results of critical consideration of published and original data on biologic nature and appearance chronology of different groups of Archean and Lower Proterozoic (3.5–1.65 Ga) paleontological remains known from geological record. Conclusions are substantiated by morphological analysis of structurally preserved microfossils, their facies distribution, and by inferable genesis and principal evolutionary trends of Archean stromatolites. A special attention is paid to variations of organic and carbonate carbon isotope composition in sedimentary successions with paleontological remains and to recent information about discovered, most ancient biomarkers of large groups of organic world. As a result of this approach, a detailed model of Precambrian organic world evolution is suggested.  相似文献   

Determination of earthquake early warning parameters, τ_c and P_d, for southern California     

Yih-Min Wu  Hiroo Kanamori  Richard M. Allen  Egill Hauksson 《Geophysical Journal International》2007,170(2):711-717

We explore a practical approach to earthquake early warning in southern California by determining a ground-motion period parameter  τ _c   and a high-pass filtered displacement amplitude parameter Pd from the initial 3 s of the P waveforms recorded at the Southern California Seismic Network stations for earthquakes with M > 4.0. At a given site, we estimate the magnitude of an event from  τ _c   and the peak ground-motion velocity ( PGV ) from Pd . The incoming three-component signals are recursively converted to ground acceleration, velocity and displacement. The displacements are recursively filtered with a one-way Butterworth high-pass filter with a cut-off frequency of 0.075 Hz, and a P -wave trigger is constantly monitored. When a trigger occurs,  τ _c   and Pd are computed. We found the relationship between  τ _c   and magnitude ( M ) for southern California, and between Pd and PGV for both southern California and Taiwan. These two relationships can be used to detect the occurrence of a major earthquake and provide onsite warning in the area around the station where onset of strong ground motion is expected within seconds after the arrival of the P wave. When the station density is high, the methods can be applied to multistation data to increase the robustness of onsite early warning and to add the regional warning approach. In an ideal situation, such warnings would be available within 10 s of the origin time of a large earthquake whose subsequent ground motion may last for tens of seconds.  相似文献   

Expected loss‐based alarm threshold set for earthquake early warning systems     

Iunio Iervolino  Massimiliano Giorgio  Gaetano Manfredi 《地震工程与结构动力学》2007,36(9):1151-1168

Earthquake early warning systems (EEWS) seem to have potential as tools for real‐time seismic risk management and mitigation. In fact, although the evacuation of buildings requires warning time not available in many urbanized areas threatened by seismic hazard, they may still be used for the real‐time protection of critical facilities using automatic systems in order to reduce the losses subsequent to a catastrophic event. This is possible due to the real‐time seismology, which consists of methods and procedures for the rapid estimation of earthquake features, as magnitude and location, based on measurements made on the first seconds of the P‐waves. An earthquake engineering application of earthquake early warning (EEW) may be intended as a system able to issue the alarm, if some recorded parameter exceeds a given threshold, to activate risk mitigation actions before the quake strikes at a site of interest. Feasibility analysis and design of such EEWS require the assessment of the expected loss reduction due to the security action and set of the alarm threshold. In this paper a procedure to carry out these tasks in the performance‐based earthquake engineering probabilistic framework is proposed. A merely illustrative example refers to a simple structure assumed to be a classroom. Structural damage and non‐structural collapses are considered; the security action is to shelter occupants below the desks. The cost due to a false alarm is assumed to be related to the interruption of didactic activities. Results show how the comparison of the expected losses, for the alarm‐issuance and non‐issuance cases, allows setting the alarm threshold on a quantitative and consistent basis, and how it may be a tool for the design of engineering applications of EEW. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

铁路沿线灾害性天气监测、预测、预警系统   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

叶文军  刘红光等 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2001,24(6):25-27

针对铁路三防（防风，防沙，防洪）的需要，结合大风监测系统建设的实际，对恶劣天气气候条件下，如何保障列车运行安全进行了探讨，并提出铁路沿线灾害性天气监测，预测，预警系统。  相似文献   

Impact of early diagenesis and bulk particle grain size distribution on estimates of relative geomagnetic palaeointensity variations in sediments from Lama Lake, northern Central Siberia   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Norbert R. Nowaczyk  Stefanie Harwart  Martin Melles 《Geophysical Journal International》2001,145(1):300-306

  相似文献   

海南岛前寒纪岩石圈演化的记录：基性岩类岩石地球化学证据   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8  

许德如  林舸等 《岩石学报》2001,17(4):598-608

海南岛前寒武纪基性岩类具有的不同的岩石地球化学特征，记录了海南岛前寒武纪大地构造环境和岩石圈的演化史。古中元古代时，琼中屯昌变基性－超基性岩，为大洋型火山岛弧低钾拉斑玄武岩，明显具有镁铁质－玄武质科马提岩特征，来源于高度亏损的地幔；与之同时代的琼西，则为一套具洋底玄武岩和岛弧拉弦玄武岩的过渡型玄武岩，是古俯冲带上部地幔楔和自消减带卷入地幔楔地壳物质所组成的混合端元部分熔融产物，具低亏损地幔特征，产生于弧后（或弧间）盆地环境；中新元古代的琼西变基性－超基性岩具铁镁质－超铁镁质科马提岩特征，来源于较高亏损的地幔，产于大洋板块边缘的构造环境。据此，可以推测，海南岛前寒武纪岩石圈演化至少经历了古中元古代的古板块俯冲、中新元古代的裂解二次事件，并伴随洋盆的出现。  相似文献   

上新世末～更新世初西太平洋变冷事件及其古气候意义          下载免费PDF全文

王律江 《第四纪研究》1996,16(4):300-309

依据深海沉积中浮游有孔虫化石群落，采用时间面与时间系列分析及目标转换函数方法，再造西太平洋近2.6Ma以来表层水温历史。结果表明，上新世末～更新世初，西太平洋曾经历一大幅度、不可逆性质的温降。变冷事件集中发生于2.4～1.0MaB.P.间，主要体现在亚热带水团，冬、夏降温幅度达7～8℃和2-3℃，热带水团相对稳定。西太平洋温度场巨变表明其在北半球冰川发展过程中的正、负反馈作用，并由此奠定了中、晚更新世冰期旋回的全球气候模式。  相似文献   

冀东三屯营地区片麻岩的早太古宙全岩年龄     

刘武旭  M.F.Thirlwall 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》1992,(1)

冀东三屯营地区麻粒岩相片麻岩由三组中酸性岩石组成。三组片麻岩Pb-Pb全岩等时线年龄为。三组片麻岩也各给自出了早太古宙年龄。岩石的这一年龄,是麻粒岩相变质过程中U和Th亏损之后发生均匀化的结果,因而表明麻粒岩相的变质作用结束于3563Ma之前。岩石在3563～2500Ma期间处于角闪岩相的环境。文中还给出了全岩Rb-Sr同位素的年龄成果,为2500～2800Ma。  相似文献   

海南岛前寒武纪地层的确定其大地构造演化     

侯威  陈惠芳  梁新权  王可伏 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》1992,(2)

通过钐—钕同位素测定,抱板群中的斜长角闪片岩、混合花岗片麻岩及其中的暗色包体等时线年龄分别为1.7Ga、1.4Ga和2.9Ga.用单矿物铅同位素测斜长角闪片岩、混合花岗片麻岩年龄分别为1.1～1.2Ga和940Ma.铷—锶全岩等时线法测得抱板群斜长角闪片岩和石碌群、抱板群中的云母片岩为1.3Ga和1.2Ga。因此,海南岛存在着前寒武纪地层,其中,具有花岗—绿岩且含有玄武质科马提岩组合的抱板群是前寒武纪结晶基底或前地槽构造层.石碌群是地槽早期发展阶段形成的构造亚层。海南岛大地构造演化经历了前地槽(X)、地槽(Ⅰ)、地台(Ⅱ)、地洼(Ⅲ)等多个发展阶段。  相似文献