Nitrogen and sulfur species in Antarctic aerosols at Mawson,Palmer Station,and Marsh (King George Island)   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

D. L. Savoie  J. M. Prospero  R. J. Larsen  F. Huang  M. A. Izaguirre  T. Huang  T. H. Snowdon  L. Custals  C. G. Sanderson 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1993,17(2):95-122

High volume bulk aerosol samples were collected continuously at three Antarctic sites: Mawson (67.60° S, 62.50° E) from 20 February 1987 to 6 January 1992; Palmer Station (64.77° S, 64.06° W) from 3 April 1990 to 15 June 1991; and Marsh (62.18° S, 58.30° W) from 28 March 1990, to 1 May 1991. All samples were analyzed for Na⁺, SO ₄ ^2– , NO ₃ ^– , methanesulfonate (MSA), NH ₄ ⁺ ,²¹⁰Pb, and⁷Be. At Mawson for which we have a multiple year data set, the annual mean concentration of each species sometimes vary significantly from one year to the next: Na⁺, 68–151 ng m^–3; NO ₃ ^– , 25–30 ng m^–3; nss SO ₄ ^2– , 81–97 ng m^–3; MSA, 19–28 ng m^–3; NH ₄ ⁺ , 16–21 ng m^–3;²¹⁰Pb, 0.75–0.86 fCi m^–3. Results from multiple variable regression of non-sea-salt (nss) SO ₄ ^2– with MSA and NO ₃ ^– as the independent variables indicates that, at Mawson, the nss SO ₄ ^2– /MSA ratio resulting from the oxidation of dimethylsulfide (DMS) is 2.80±0.13, about 13% lower than our earlier estimate (3.22) that was based on 2.5 years of data. A similar analysis indicates that the ratio at Palmer is about 40% lower, 1.71±0.10, and more comparable to previous results over the southern oceans. These results when combined with previously published data suggest that the differences in the ratio may reflect a more rapid loss of MSA relative to nss SO ₄ ^2– during transport over Antarctica from the oceanic source region. The mean²¹⁰Pb concentrations at Palmer and Marsh and the mean NO ₃ ^– concentration at Palmer are about a factor of two lower than those at Mawson. The²¹⁰Pb distributions are consistent with a²¹⁰Pb minimum in the marine boundary layer in the region of 40°–60° S. These features and the similar seasonalities of NO ₃ ^– and²¹⁰Pb at Mawson support the conclusion that the primary source regions for NO ₃ ^– are continental. In contrast, the mean concentrations of MSA, nss SO ₄ ^2– , and NH ₄ ⁺ at Palmer are all higher than those at Mawson: MSA by a factor of 2; nss SO ₄ ^2– by 10%; and NH ₄ ⁺ by more than 50%. However, the factor differences exhibit substantial seasonal variability; the largest differences generally occur during the austral summer when the concentrations of most of the species are highest. NH ₄ ⁺ /(nss SO ₄ ^2– +MSA) equivalent ratios indicate that NH₃ neutralizes about 60% of the sulfur acids during December at both Mawson and Palmer, but only about 30% at Mawson during February and March.  相似文献   

普里兹湾及其邻近海域晶磷虾的生态特点研究          下载免费PDF全文

仲学锋  王荣 《极地研究》1993,5(4):32-39

198 9/1 990年和 1 990 /1 991年南极夏季在普里兹湾及其邻近海域进行了拖网调查 ,对这一海域晶磷虾 (Euphausia crystallorophias)幼体和成体的数量分布、发育特点、成体的体长 -频数分布以及体长与体重的关系等进行了研究。晶磷虾的近岸性分布特点非常明显 ,幼体和成体均分布在 1 0 0 0米等深线以浅的水域。在陆架区晶磷虾是优势种 ,其幼体和成体的数量远远高于其他种类的磷虾。幼体密度在 70 - 44 3 6 5个 /1 0 0 0米 3之间 ,平均为 942 8个 /1 0 0 0米 3 ;成体及未成体密度在 1 0 - 2 0 3个 /1 0 0 0米 3 之间 ,平均为 5 7个 /1 0 0 0米 3 。1 990年 1月份幼体发育期组成为 N1 - C3 ,其中C1占优势 ,平均发育期指数在 4.1 2 - 5 .0 7之间 ;2 - 3月份发育期组成为 C1 - F3 ,F1 ,F2占优势 ,平均发育期指数在 6 .98- 7.81之间。1 991年 1月份幼体发育期组成为 N1 - C2 ,平均发育期指数为 2 .71 - 3 .6 3 ,MN占优势。未成体体长在 1 7毫米以下。成体体长在 1 7- 3 7毫米之间 ,主要分布在 2 2 - 3 1毫米体长段。大于 2 8- 3 0毫米的体长段里雌性成体的比例大于雄性成体。雌性成体的体重与体长的关系为 :Log W(毫克 ) =3 .0 1 L og L(毫米 ) - 2 .1 4,(n=2 83 ,r=0 .83 ) ;雄性成体的体重与体长的关系为 :L  相似文献   

The effect of sea tides on gravity tidal observations on the Antarctic Ekstrom ice shelf     

Bulent Tezkan  Ugur Yaramanci 《Geophysical Journal International》1993,114(3):561-568

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中国东部中生代产铀火山岩的基本特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张万林  王剑锋 《矿物岩石》1991,11(2):19-26

产铀火山岩与非产铀火山岩存在岩石、岩石化学成分、微量元素及稀土元素的特征性差异;中国东部产铀火山洼地均形成于幔隆翼部重力高梯度带基底隆起构造环境,而火山洼地中铀的晚期主成矿作用,则以白垩纪拉张环境下贯入的中基性岩脉为先导,随后与之同步进行。  相似文献   

中国东部陆缘地区符——奉测线的地壳结构和速度分布     

闻昆娣 《华南地震》1991,11(3):19-24

本文利用1984年我国东部陆绥地区符－奉测线的深部探测资料，通过震相对比及正反演计算，给出该区介质的物理参数和地壳构造形态。并对界面起伏及深大断裂的展布进行了讨论。  相似文献   

南极长城站Pi2地磁脉动特征          下载免费PDF全文

杨少峰  肖福辉 《地球物理学报》1994,37(5):580-585

对南极长城站在１９９０年８月１６日至１９９０年１１月２０日的Ｐｉ２地磁脉动事件进行了分析研究，初步了解了南极长城站Ｐｉ２脉动的频次特征、频率特性和偏振特性，并对南极长城站Ｐｉ２脉动的激发机制做了一些理论探讨．  相似文献   

东秦岭地区钼矿床的铼-锇同位素年龄及其意义   总被引：28，自引：11，他引：28  

黄典豪  吴澄宇  杜安道  何红蓼 《矿床地质》1994,13(3):221-230

金属矿床的成矿年龄多年来一直是矿床地质工作者关注的问题之一。中国地质科学院岩矿测试技术研究所建立的铼－锇同位素定年实验室，为研究钼矿床的形成时代提供了新的手段。因辉钼矿是最主要的含铼矿物之一，且基本上不含普通锇，其中所含＾１８７Ｏｓ是由＾１８７Ｒｅ衰变而来，故放射成因＾１８７Ｏｓ的积累是矿物年龄及铼含量的函数。本文采用同位素稀释－等离子体质谱法，测定了东秦岭钼矿带中几个不同类型的大型钼矿床的Ｒｅ－  相似文献   

The latitudinal distribution of carbon monoxide across the pacific from California to Antarctica     

Elmer Robinson  David Clark  Wolfgang Seiler 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1984,1(2):137-149

The results of a research study of the carbon monoxide concentration from California to 90° S, Antarctica are presented. The data both extend and support other research studies of the latitudinal distribution of carbon monoxide in that higher concentrations are evident over the Northern Hemisphere than over the Southern Hemisphere. Carbon monoxide concentrations range between 50 to 60 ppb with a few peaks into the 60s in the latitudinal area south of the ITCZ and values of 80 ppb or higher at latitudes north of Hawaii. A comparison is also made of carbon monoxide and ozone concentrations along the flight tract between California and Antarctica, over the Ellsworth Mountains of Antarctica, and between 78° S and the South Pole. These ozone-carbon monoxide data show statistically significant negative correlations in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere over Antarctica. It is believed that this is a good indication of mixing across the tropopause.  相似文献   

用CEOF分析近百年中国东部旱涝的分布及其年际变化特征   总被引：9，自引：2，他引：9       下载免费PDF全文

魏凤英  李晓东 《应用气象学报》1995,6(4):454-460

通过1850～1991年旱涝百分率的CEOF分析，研究了近百年来中国东部旱涝的分布特征、时空变化特点及年际演变规律。结果表明，我国东部主要有三种旱涝分布类型。第一种类型是以长江流域为中心全国大范围旱或涝，空间位相近似相同，且有10.7年和3.1年周期性变化，振幅强度在1923～1924年间曾发生过增强突变。第二种类型为南北旱涝趋势相反的分布，空间位相自北向南变化显著，且有4.3年周期性变化，振幅强度在1884～1885年间曾有一次减弱突变。第三种类型呈江淮流域与华北和华南旱涝趋势相反的分布，空间位相从南北两个方向向中间或相反方向移动，并有3.4年周期性变化，振幅强度在1911～1912年有过增强突变。  相似文献   

Luminescence-dating zeroing tests in Lake Hoare, Taylor Valley, Antarctica     

Glenn Berger  Peter Doran 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2001,25(4):519-529

In two of the perennially ice-covered lakes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, lakes Hoare and Bonney in the Taylor Valley, bottom water has ¹⁴C ages of 2.7 ka and 10 ka (respectively), rendering ¹⁴C ages of bottom sediments highly problematic. Consequently, we tested the effectiveness of thermoluminescence (TL) zeroing in polymineral fine silt material from several depositional environments around and on the lake (stream suspensions, ice-surface sand dune, and silty sand from near the top of the more-than-3m-thick ice). We also conducted TL and infrared-stimulated-luminescence (IRSL) dating tests on material from three box cores recovered from the bottom of Lake Hoare, in a transect away from the abutting Canada Glacier. We observed effective zeroing of light-sensitive TL in suspended silt from one input stream and less effective zeroing from another stream. We observed effective zeroing of light-sensitive TL also in silt from a glacier-proximal eolian ice-surface dune and from sand from within the upper 5 cm of ice. In contrast, in box-core 1, the bottom sediment yielded minimum TL apparent ages of 1500-2600 yrs, with no discernable stratigraphic depth trend. IRSL dating applied to the same box-core samples produced significantly lower age estimates, ranging from ~600 ± 200 yrs to 1440 ± 270 yrs top-to-bottom, an improvement over the depth-constant ~2200 yrs TL ages. In two other cores closer to the Canada Glacier, IRSL ages from ~600 ± 200 yrs (top) to ~ 2900± 300 yrs (at depth) were measured. Not only are the IRSL ages a significant improvement over the TL results, but the near-core-top IRSL ages are also a dramatic improvement over the ¹⁴C results (~2.7 ka). IRSL dating has a demonstrated potential to supplant ¹⁴C dating for such antarctic lacustrine deposits.  相似文献