贵州典型岩溶流域日降雨径流过程模拟研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

尚晓三  王栋 《中国岩溶》2009,28(1):43-48

以蓄满产流方式描述岩溶地区的产流过程,采用稳定入渗法划分径流,将非线性水箱模型用于模拟单元流域的调蓄过程,以遗传算法为基础率定模型参数,建立了基于遗传算法率定参数的概念性岩溶水文模型,并以贵州普定后寨河流域为例,采用流域内老黑潭、六谷、后寨测站的水文资料对所建模型进行检验,以相对误差、互相关系数和确定性系数来评定模型.结果表明,本模型预报结果的相对误差均小于士10%,互相关系数均大于0.80,确定性系数均大于或等于0.70,说明所构建的模型能够模拟及预报岩溶地区的降雨径流过程.   相似文献   

大型海底、海岸和沙漠沙丘的形态和迁移特征   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

高抒 《地学前缘》2009,16(6):13-22

海底、海岸和沙漠沙丘的迁移与其波高、波长等形态参数有关。对一些代表性大型沙丘的分析表明,海底、海岸和沙漠沙丘的形态特征存在着较大的差异,在相同波长条件下,海底沙丘波高最小,海岸沙丘波高次之,沙漠沙丘波高最大。其原因主要是流体厚度的差异,其次是物质供给条件的不同:浅海地区的水深限制了沙丘向上生长,而陆地气流厚度较大,给沙丘的向上生长提供了较大的空间;沙漠环境的沉积物供给远大于海岸环境,因而导致沙丘高度的差异。沙丘形态参数经常偏离统计的波长 波高曲线,数值实验结果显示,这与推移质输运率有关。推移质输运率的沿程变化可以使形态参数系统性地偏离波长 波高曲线;推移质输运率的沿程突变可使沙丘迁移受阻,造成沉积物的垂向堆积,形成超高的沙丘。由于大型沙丘的迁移特征受控于推移质输运率和沙丘高度,因此可以通过波高设计来计算迁移距离 历时曲线,进而控制沙丘迁移动态。文中给出了一个获取迁移距离 历时曲线的算例。设计波高可通过人工篱笆、隔挡墙、沟渠、表面护层等措施而实现。  相似文献   

BTR-4000型地层热物性原位测试仪及其应用   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

王庆华  孙友宏  陈昌富  吴晓寒 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2009,39(2):347

地层热物性原位测试仪主要包括液路循环系统、数据采集和控制系统及电气控制系统等。利用测试仪对某热交换井进行现场测试,得到换热器进、出口循环水温度随时间逐渐趋于稳定,及换热器与周围土壤的换热量随时间基本保持恒定的相关曲线。采用线源和柱源传热模型,结合参数估计法,计算出平均热物性参数分别为：土壤热传导系数λ=2.428 W/(m·K),钻孔热阻R=0.102 (m²·K)/W,及λ=2.164 W/(m·K),R=0.086 (m²·K)/W。通过保证测试时间和准确的土壤比热容等参数,可得到准确的热物性参数,计算结果为地源热泵系统的准确设计提供了依据。  相似文献   

Simulation of equatorial wind field patterns with TAPM during the 1997 haze episode in Peninsular Malaysia     

Mastura Mahmud 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2009,30(3):312-326

The large‐scale forest fires that occurred during the major El Niño event in 1997 can be counted among the worst environmental disasters in Southeast Asia. This study investigates atmospheric mesoscale features over Sumatra and the Klang Valley in Peninsular Malaysia during the resultant haze episode of September 1997 utilizing a limited area mesoscale three‐dimensional meteorological and dispersion model, The Air Pollution Model (TAPM). Mesoscale features that would not be highlighted by global numerical prediction models, such as the daily land and sea breeze conditions at the selected air pollution stations located near the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia, were predicted with an Index of Agreement of 0.3, which implied a moderate conformity between the predicted and observed values. Tracer analysis of air particles at a selected location in the Straits of Malacca verified the existence of the landward and shoreward movement of the air during the simulation of the low‐level wind field. Air pollutants from the burning areas of neighbouring Sumatra just across the straits were transported towards the Klang valley during the daytime and seawards during the nighttime, highlighting the recirculation features of aged and newer air particles over the seven days (13–18 September) of the model simulation. The presence of the central Main Range east of the Klang valley to a certain extent limited further eastward movement of the air particles. Near calm conditions at low levels were simulated from midnight to midday on 14 September, where the movement of the polluted air particles from the uncontrolled burning in Sumatra was confined within the Straits of Malacca. Turbulence within the planetary boundary layer in terms of the total kinetic energy was found to be weak from 14 to 15 September, congruent with the weak strength of low level winds that reduced the ability of the air to transport the pollutants during the period of severe smoke haze. Statistical evaluation showed that parameters such as the systematic RMSE (root mean square error) and unsystematic RMSE for the zonal wind component were slightly higher than for the meridional one, indicating higher errors between the observed and simulated zonal values. Otherwise, the equatorial meteorological parameters such as wind speed and temperature were successfully simulated by the model with comparatively high correlation coefficients, lower RMSEs and moderately high indices of agreement with observed values.  相似文献   

爆炸荷载作用下裂隙岩体内损伤范围的观测研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

夏红兵  徐颖  宗琦  傅菊根 《岩土力学》2007,28(4):795-798

通过电法CT成像技术,探测微量炸药爆炸前后裂隙岩体深孔之间电阻率的变化,查明探测切面内的岩体损伤裂隙发育形态和空间展布。通过实验可知：微量炸药爆炸后在裂隙岩体的炮孔深部可以形成一定范围、一定数量和一定宽度的裂隙,其中裂隙形成的区域主要集中在炮孔口深的2/3处,当炮孔深度3 m,装药量为330 g时,在眼深1.5～2.5 m处裂隙较为发育,炮孔间距为1.2 m～1.5 m时,可在岩体内部形成贯通裂隙。  相似文献   

Contribution to the study of composite spectra: XI. Orbital elements of some faint systems     

J.‐M. Carquillat  J.‐L. Prieur 《Astronomische Nachrichten》2007,328(1):46-54

We present the results of a radial‐velocity study of nine new faint SB1 spectroscopic binaries with composite spectra: HD 137975‐6, 177984, HDE 226489, 231613‐4, 255387‐8, 256138‐9, 264997‐8, 276787 and 293041‐2. The observations were made at Haute‐Provence and Cambridge observatories with CORAVEL instruments between 1982 and 2006. From the radial‐velocity measurements of the cool components, we derive the orbital elements of those spectroscopic binaries for the first time. Using all the available data, we propose a model for each system that describes the nature of the individual components, with an estimation of the angular separation and orbital inclination. Finally we discuss the rotation–revolution synchronism of the cool components. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)  相似文献   

Monte‐Carlo simulation of a possible correlation between the estimated luminosity distances and internal extinctions of type Ia supernovae     

L.G. Balzs  Zs. Hetesi  M. Korss 《Astronomische Nachrichten》2007,328(8):858-862

This paper describes a Monte Carlo simulation of type Ia supernova data. It was shown earlier that the data of SNe Ia might contain a possible correlation between the estimated luminosity distances and internal extinctions. This correlation was shown by different statistical investigations of the data. In order to remove observational biases (for example the effect of the detection limit of the observing instrument) and to test the reality of the effect found earlier we developed a simple routine which simulates extinction values, redshifts and absolute magnitudes for Ia supernovae. We pointed out that the correlation found earlier in the real data between the internal extinction and luminosity distance does not occur in the simulated sample. Furthermore, it became obvious that the detection limit of the observing devices used in supernova projects does not affect the far end of the redshift‐luminosity distance relationship of Ia supernovae. This result strengthens the earlier conclusions of the authors that SN Ia supernovae alone do not support the existence of dark energy. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)  相似文献   

黑河下游土壤和地下水盐分特征分析   总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5  

刘蔚  王涛  苏永红  冯起  司建华  张艳武  常宗强 《冰川冻土》2005,27(6):890-898

根据405个土壤样品和101个水样,分析了黑河下游土壤盐分分布规律以及与地形地貌部位、地下水水化学的关系.结果表明:额济纳三角洲地区的土壤具有质地粗、含盐量高、盐分表聚性强的特征,该地区呈现盐碱化和沙漠化严重、可利用土地资源骤减、生态环境恶化的状况.在所有剖面上盐分的分布呈现漏斗型分布,土壤中盐分随地形变化较为复杂,但与地下水化学变化相一致.地下水矿化度普遍比较高,大多数地区的矿化度在800~3000 mg·L^-1之间变化;水化学类型主要有HCO₃·SO₄-Na、Cl·SO₄-Na(Ca)、HCO₃·Cl-Na(Ca)SO₄·Cl-Na和SO₄·Cl-Na(Ca-Mg).地下水矿化度的高低与补给源的距离远近密切相关,在河岸附近的矿化度变化幅度较小;在远离河道地区,随离岸距离的增减而升降,体现了矿化度的高低主要依赖于上游补给水量变化.  相似文献   

基于蚁群算法的含水层参数识别方法   总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7  

李守巨  刘迎曦  孙慧玲 《岩土力学》2005,26(7):1049-1052

根据渗流场的水头和流量观测数据,建立了基于蚁群算法的地下含水层参数识别方法,含水层参数识别反问题的不适定性由解的不唯一性和不稳定性所表征。与传统的基于梯度的优化方法相比较,对于参数识别反问题蚁群算法能够收敛到全局最优解。为了将蚁群算法引入到参数识别反问题,介绍了一些数值算例,并且将参数识别结果与数值模拟结果进行了比较。研究表明,所提出的参数识别方法具有鲁棒性、全局收敛性和抗观测噪音的能力。  相似文献   

IP法找矿的几个实例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郭玉福  姜丽英  华伟  吕华  戴立文  郝福安 《吉林地质》2005,24(4):105-110

IP法可以直接发现富含金属硫化物的各类矿体,而被广泛应用于矿产普查、详查及勘探等各个找矿阶段.本文介绍了该方法探查机理及野外工作方法,总结了IP法在几个金属矿区的找矿成果.认为充分分析矿区地质物性条件,合理布置野外工作是取得找矿突破的重要前提.  相似文献