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991.
Permeabilities of sand and shale differ by five to seven orders of magnitude. In the depositional pattern characteristic of the Gulf Coast, lenticular sand bodies occur randomly dispersed within a shale matrix, even though they can be grouped into stratigraphic sequences, contributing to net permeability of the sand-shale system and thus facilitating upward flow of pore water. In addition, a substantial lateral flow develops as fluid flow is directed toward sand bodies, thus concentrating fluid from a wide source area into sand bodies of limited lateral and vertical extent. Calculations reported here determine the effect of randomly distributed sands on both vertical and lateral permeabilities of composite sandshale systems. Effective permeabilities depend only on mean sand percent and local variance about the mean, because the effects of sand body shapes and their orientation and dip are not incorporated in the analysis. Results indicate that at a mean sand percentage of 20–50% a large lateral migration of fluid flow develops as sand bodies attract flow from a region two to seven times the radius of the sand body itself. For a mean sand percentage in excess of 50–60%, large vertical migration results and thus hydrocarbon trapping should not be expected for sand percentages in excess of 50–60%. Results of these calculations are in accord with observations that most larger oil accumulations on the Gulf Coast are found in regions having sandiness between about 20 and 50%. 相似文献
992.
Survey of yellowfin tuna in the west-central Indian Ocean was conducted on board of Chinese Iongliners during 2003, 2004 and 2005, which is a part of Chinese Tuna Fishery Scientific Observer Program (CTFSOP). The reproductive biology has been investigated. A total of 1023 samples are collected including 417 ovaries and 606 testes. Spawning activities of yellowfin tuna have been studied for both male and female from January to June. The data showed that the average monthly sex ratio is 0.59, and the minimum length at sexual maturity is 101 cm for female and 110 cm for male respectively. Length at 50% sexual maturity is esti- mated at 113.77 cm for female and 120.20 cm for male, whereas maturation rate is 0.066 cm-1 for female and 0.091 cm-1 for male. Sex ratio by length class indicates that the proportion of male is higher than female's along with size increasing; for instance, in the group of the body length longer than 145 cm, some females have their body length from 145 to 160 cm and males have their body length at 160 cm and even longer. Statistically, yellowfin tuna has a significant seasonal reproduction. 相似文献
993.
Cindy Lee Robert A. Armstrong J. Kirk Cochran Anja Engel Scott W. Fowler Madeleine Goutx Pere Masqu Juan Carlos Miquel Michael Peterson Christian Tamburini Stuart Wakeham 《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2009,56(18):1363-1368
The MedFlux project was devised to determine and model relationships between organic matter and mineral ballasts of sinking particulate matter in the ocean. Specifically we investigated the ballast ratio hypothesis, tested various commonly used sampling and modeling techniques, and developed new technologies that would allow better characterization of particle biogeochemistry. Here we describe the rationale for the project, the biogeochemical provenance of the DYFAMED site, the international support structure, and highlights from the papers published here. Additional MedFlux papers can be accessed at the MedFlux web site (http://msrc.sunysb.edu/MedFlux/). 相似文献
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When load acts on a circular foundation on or in a dense sand, average contact pressure on the lower surface of the foundation is q and settlement of the foundation is s. Diameter and depth of the foundation are B and Df. When the sand, B and Df are given, we can know the relation between q and s/B by, e.g. a loading test, i.e. the relation is determined by B and Df for the sand. Using the results of numerical analyses, we express a relation between q and s/B up to s=0.1B by functions of a single variable which is a linear combination of B and Df. Consequently when two foundations have different B's and different Df's but have the same value of the variable, the relations are the same. Then we examine whether the functions can express the results of eleven tests of model foundations of wide range of B and/or Df. In all the tests, the relations are expressed with sufficient accuracy. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
996.
For the analysis of non‐linear problems, the displacement‐controlled method (DCM) has a more extensive application scope and more powerful abilities than the load‐controlled method (LCM). However, difficulties of the DCM's procedure not amenable to most finite element implementations of the conventional LCM have restricted its applications in geomechanics. By means of Sherman–Morrison's theorem, the solution of DCM is improved. The improved procedure is characterized by high efficiency, good numerical stability and a programme structure similar to LCM. Two aspects of applications of DCM are illustrated. The first application is to compute the response of a structure under a given load level like the conventional finite element analysis. The second application is to trace the equilibrium path of a structure under a given load distribution type. A simple but effective algorithm is presented for automatically adjusting the step length in tracing the equilibrium path. Examples illustrate that the proposed procedures are suited for modelling complicated non‐linear problems in geomechanics. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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根据对马超营断裂带系统进行的地质—地球化学剖面研究,探讨了该带断裂构造活动及其元素地球化学迁移富集规律与构造地球化学分异之间的关系;分析了蚀变、矿化与成矿的关系,认为早期面型蚀变伴有成矿元素的活化和迁移,但无矿化富集,后期带状蚀变伴有金的富集成矿且以硅化、绢云母化为主要标志。从而,为马超营断裂带这一重要的以金为主成矿带的进一步工作、研究,提供了地球化学方面的依据。 相似文献
1000.
对猫岭—王家崴子金矿区矿石中伴生的微量元素研究表明,猫岭金矿的 As,Cd, B,Be,Sn,Bi,Pb,Sb明显偏高,其中 As,Cd,B高度富集, Bi,Sb,Sn,Be,Pb中度富集;王家崴子金矿 Pb,Cr,Cd,Zn,Be,Sn,Bi,As明显偏高,其中 Cd,Bi,As,Pb,Sn高度富集, Cu为中度富集。矿石中 As,Bi,B含量较高与赋矿围岩中该元素高的原始富集有关。岩矿显微鉴定和多种数理统计分析综合研究表明, Pb,Zn,Cu主要以方铅矿、闪锌矿、黄铜矿和黝铜矿等独立矿物形式存在,部分呈类质同像形式分布于黄铁矿、毒砂等硫化物中。 As以毒砂形式存在,部分以类质同像形式存在于黄铁矿、雌黄铁矿、白铁矿和黝铜矿中; Sb,Bi以固溶体混入物形式分布于黄铁矿、毒砂和黝铜矿中; Sn,B以独立矿物形式赋存于黄铁矿、方铅矿和黝铜矿中; Cd与方铅矿和闪锌矿、黝铜矿有关;部分 Cr,Be,B与云母和粘土矿物有关。 相似文献