An examination of the use of the logratio transformation for the testing of endmember hypotheses     

Ross M. Renner 《Mathematical Geology》1991,23(4):549-563

Given a compositional dataset in the absence of any prior information on any mixing process which may have formed it, a complete analysis of mixtures determines three distinct types of estimates in order. These are: (i) the estimate of the number of endmembers or fixed source compositions, of which all the sample compositions of the dataset must be approximate mixtures; (ii) the estimated compositions for each of these chosen number of endmembers; and (iii) the estimated contributions of each of these endmember estimates to each sample. Traditionally, the estimate for the number of endmembers has been assessed either by mapping or by inspection of the coefficients of determination between the observed and estimated variables. Mapping entails the plotting on a map of the region from which the samples were taken, either the contours of the contributions of each endmember to each sample, or some other portrayal of the distribution of endmember abundances. Because it requires the complete analysis, assessment by this method is too elaborate except for final confirmation and display. Alternatively, choosing a number of endmembers, which result in suitability high coefficients of determination for all or most variables, may account for elements which are not part of the conjectured mixing process or, worse, may result in the identification of endmembers which may never in fact have existed. Such an error is similar to overspecifying a multiple regression model. So, the obvious starting point from which to assess the validity, or otherwise choice of endmember numbers, is to examine the matrix of residuals. The differences between the logratio-transformed observed and estimated data form an array of residual logratios. A linear combination of these may be formed for each sample, which, under a random perturbation assumption, should follow a univariate normal distribution. Whether or not this scalar is normal can be readily tested. It can also be examined graphically for such desirable qualities as symmetry when the test for normality may be too severe. This procedure is employed to assess the decompositions of the U.S.G.S. Mid-Pacific data and the Nazca Plate Surface sediments.This paper was presented at the 18th Geochautauqua, Newark, Delaware, 13–14 October 1989.  相似文献   

岩石化学成分统计分析中的定和变量问题及其解决途径   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

周建文 《岩石学报》1991,7(1):36-43

用岩石化学成分数据之类的定和数组计算相关系数或用于多元统计分析时,由于恒定总数约束的影响,致使结果出现很大的畸变。本文通过定和数组及对应的开数组之间的关系确定了开数组的范围,进而导出“误差对应模型”决定了该开数组,使恒定总数约束影响得以消除,最后用云南金顶铅锌矿的岩石化学分析样作了上述处理,取得了良好的实际效果。  相似文献   

8412铀矿床沥青铀矿的稀土和锶,钕同位素研究     

营俊龙 《铀矿地质》1991,7(3):146-151,188

  相似文献   

我国油页岩的成分和品级划分   总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19  

赵隆业  陈基娘 《现代地质》1991,5(4):423-429

根据我国21个油页岩产地,26个样品的分析数据,讨论了油页岩的含油率、灰分产率,灰分成分和密度等品级的划分,指出我国缺少高含油率页岩,提出中、低含油率油页岩的标准。并认为含油率在3.5~5.0%称含油页岩,含油率低于3.5%不应当作油页岩。油页岩灰分成分大多是硅铝质,因而灰熔点偏高。提出了油页岩灰分成分的分类表。指出我国油页岩的密度高于国外样品,原因是钙质成分含量较低。  相似文献   

The influence of aerosol particle composition on cloud droplet formation     

A. Hallberg  J. A. Ogren  K. J. Noone  K. Okada  J. Heintzenberg  I. B. Svenningsson 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1994,19(1-2):153-171

A difference in partitioning between cloud droplets and interstitial air for two chemical species (elemental carbon and sulphur) with different expected behaviour in nucleation scavenging was observed in clouds at Mt. Kleiner Feldberg (825 m asl), near Frankfurt, Germany. The fraction of sulphur incorporated in cloud droplets was always higher than the fraction of elemental carbon. This difference in partitioning has also been observed in fog but under different pollution conditions in the Po Valley, Italy. Both these studies were based on bulk samples. In the present study at Kleiner Feldberg, impactor samples of the particles in the interstitial air and the cloud droplet residuals were taken and a single particle analysis was done on the samples. It was found that, for a given particle size, the majority of particles forming cloud droplets were soluble and that insoluble particles preferentially remained in the interstitial air.  相似文献   

草场分类原理的计算机实现     

舒宁 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》1989,(2)

本文论述了有关草资源调查的草原分类原理在计算机上实施的可能性,及如何利用辅助数据和影象数据复合技术问题,并以藏北高寒牧区大面积、高精度的草资源调查计算机分类的实例予以验证。  相似文献   

陕西柞水—山阳成矿带中酸性小岩体的地球化学研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Li Zejiu 《地球科学》1986,(4)

本成矿带内中酸性小岩体均为浅成—超浅成相、高温条件下岩浆结晶的产物。根据岩体及矿床中硫同位素、铅同位素成分及全岩稀土元素组成特征,判断成岩物质来源于地壳深部或上地慢。来自岩浆熔体的热水溶液是导致成矿的重要因素。  相似文献   

攀西地区长石的X射线研究     

Shu Jinfu 《地球科学》1986,(6)

本文对四川攀枝花—西昌（即攀西裂谷）地区各个不同时期、不同产状、不同岩类中的斜长石、碱性长石进行了X射线研究,配合单矿物化学分析、电子探针成分分析,结合红外光谱、光学测定,精确地计算了42个斜长石,60个碱性长石的晶胞参数,求出其四个四面体的Al含量,确定长石的成分和结构态。为探索攀西地区岩浆活动演化规律,研究攀西裂谷形成、发展及其消亡历史提供了客观依据。  相似文献   

Contact-metamorphic effect on parameters for kerogen maturation     

Yoshihiro Uji 《Organic Geochemistry》1986,9(6)

This study examines the effect of contact metamorphism by an igneous dyke on parameters for kerogen maturation, such as elemental composition (H/C, O/C, N/C), ¹H-NMR T₁, vitrinite reflectance and infrared spectra. Although elemental composition and ¹H-NMR T₁ of the kerogen changed only within 1.5 and 5.0 m from the dyke respectively, vitrinite reflectance of the kerogen was thermally affected beyond 10.0 m from the intrusion. It is concluded that vitrinite reflectance is the most sensitive of the parameters evaluated to assess thermal stress of kerogens.  相似文献   

红层砾石组分是区域地层对比的良好标志──以赣西北中─晚第三纪的砂砾岩为例     

蔡雄飞  章泽军 《地层学杂志》1995,(4)

根据赣西北中─晚第三纪陆相紫红色砂砾岩岩性横向上不太稳定的特点，提出砾石成分的来源和成因特征可作为区域地层对比的标志，因为砾石成分作为风化和搬运的最终产物，它与基底母岩区是密不可分，又相互影响。  相似文献