显生宙海水成分、碳酸盐沉积和生物演化系统研究进展   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6  

颜佳新  伍明 《地质科技情报》2006,25(3):1-7

简述了显生宙海水成分演化的特征、识别标志和成因解释模型以及存在的问题和今后研究的方向.不同时期海水的成分的差异,特别是海水的x(Mg)/x(Ca)值,导致了文石海、方解石海时期的碳酸盐沉积和早期成岩作用均存在差异,甚至影响了盆地深部成岩流体的特征.显生宙海生生物的演替和盛衰,特别是简单生物(如钙藻和海绵)和高产率生物(如造礁生物和碳酸盐沉积物主要生产者),明显体现了海水的x(Mg)/x(Ca)值周期性变化对海生生物的影响.这种影响也同样体现在古生代末期的生物大绝灭及随后的生物复苏样式上,在生物更替事件研究中应引起重视.因此,生物与环境的协同演化研究必须从地球系统科学的角度展开.  相似文献   

闽中地区铅锌矿床辉石成分特征及其成因意义   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6  

狄永军  吴淦国  张达  余心起  林东燕  石建基  臧文拴  张祥信  汪群峰 《矿床地质》2006,25(2):123-134

文章在研究闽中地区铅锌矿床蚀变矿物组合的基础上,将辉石矿物的化学成分与典型矽卡岩Pb_Zn矿床的辉石成分进行了对比,认为该区铅锌矿床的辉石与典型矽卡岩中的辉石类似,为透辉石和钙铁辉石,富锰,具有远温端矽卡岩辉石的特征。因此推论本区铅锌矿床大部分类似于矽卡岩型Pb_Zn矿床,少数为受断裂控制的热液脉型矿床,是海底火山喷发沉积形成的初始矿源层经变质作用、燕山期构造_岩浆热液顺层交代、强烈叠加改造或活化并重新定位的矿床。  相似文献   

东海泥质区单体正构烷烃的碳同位素组成及物源分析 ^*   总被引：7，自引：8，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

郭志刚  杨作升  林田  李钜源 《第四纪研究》2006,26(3):384-390

利用气相色谱(GC)和气相色谱/同位素比值质谱(GC/IRMS)对东海近岸泥质区、济州岛西南泥质区和冲绳海槽北部表层沉积物中正构烷烃的单体碳同位素组成及分布进行了分析。结果显示东海不同泥质区典型海洋藻类源正构烷烃C₁₉同位素组成基本相似,在-27.4 ‰ ~-28.0 ‰ 之间,平均为-27.7 ‰ 。典型海洋水生植物源C₂₃同位素组成在-28.5 ‰ ~-31.6 ‰ 之间,平均为-30.5 ‰ ,碳同位素组成从近岸泥质区到冲绳海槽北部逐渐变重,表明海槽区与陆架区海洋水生植物种类有所不同。陆架区长链正构烷烃(C₂₅~C₃₁)部分随着碳数的增加,其同位素组成逐渐变轻,但海槽区这一变化不大,显示陆架区的陆源高等植物蜡具有相似的物源,而冲绳海槽北部由于黑潮主干区和黑潮分支(对马暖流)对陆架沉积物进入深海的控制性阻隔作用,其物源与陆架区区别较大。现代输入东海的陆源植物以C₃植物为显著优势,C₃植物对近岸泥质区北部、近岸泥质区南部、远端济州岛西南泥质区和冲绳海槽北部陆源植物的贡献分别为83 % ,95 ％,75 % 和70 % 。  相似文献   

Chemical characteristics of fine particles during spring dust storm dominant period in two Chinese cities, Baotou and Wuwei     

Min HU Fan YANG Dingli YUE Song GUO Mengting WEN Wenting ZHANG Feng TIAN 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):221-221

Mineral dust, including dust storm, fugitive and floating dust are the most important components of ambient aerosol in northern China during spring. Meanwhile, it goes through heating period when fossil fuel combustion acts as a dominant source. In order to understand the chemical characteristics of fine particles in North China, two sampling sites was established in Baotou City in the west of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Wuwei City near the edge of Gobi to collect fine particles （PM 2.5） samples in the spring of 2004 and 2005, and analyze mass concentrations, ionic species and some element components of PM 2.5. The results indicated that dust events elevated the mass concentrations of particulate matter significantly, not only for coarse particles, but also for fine particles. Crustal components, organic matter and sulfates are three major compositions in fine particles, their mass concentrations and relative abundances are closely related with the frequency of dust events and coal combustion. The characteristics of fine particles are obviously diverse under different atmospheric conditions. （1） When the dust storms take place, the wind speeds are often higher than 10 m/s. A plenty of mineral aerosol is input from long distance, and also local soil dust is blown up to suspend in the air as particles. Therefore, the concentrations of PM 2.5 are enhanced dramatically. Mass concentrations and relative percentages of crustal components in PM 2.5 increased significantly during dust events. The mineral dust may help gas to particle conversation by heterogeneous reactions. Increases in mass concentrations of SO4^2-, NO3^- and NH4^＋ and organic matter in PM 2.5 were observed evidently. But their fractions in PM 2.5 do not increase simultaneously due to dilution of storing wind. （2） When wind velocity is lower （〈3 m/s）, air pollutants are accumulated, both mass concentrations of SO4^2-, NO3^- and NH4^＋ and organic matter, and their fractions in PM 2.5 increase, indicating severe anthropogenic pollution. The chemical characteristics of PM 2.5 in Baotou and Wuwei are also influenced by their industrial structure, topography and meteorological conditions.  相似文献   

Chemistry and Sulfur Isotopes of the Chert-Clastic Sequence Surrounding the Kajika Massive Sulfide Ores at the Ashio Copper Mine, Ashio Terrane, Central Japan     

Kosei Komuro    Masanori Yoshida  Yoshimichi Kajiwara 《Resource Geology》2006,56(4):433-445

Abstract. Chemical and sulfur isotopic compositions were obtained for a series of rocks within the chert‐clastic sequence surrounding the Kajika massive sulfide ore horizon at Shibukawasawa in the Ashio copper‐mining district, Ashio Terrane, central Japan. The sequence is lithologically classified into three units: chert, siliceous shale with basic volcanics, and sandstone‐shale, in ascending stratigraphic order. The Kajika ore horizon corresponds to the lowermost part of the unit that contains siliceous shale with basic volcanics. The rocks around the Kajika ore horizon are enriched in P₂O₅ (max. 0.22 %), Ba (max. 2400 ppm), Cu (595 ppm), V (323 ppm), Pb (168 ppm), Zn (124 ppm), and Mo (24 ppm) in siliceous shale; and Ba (4220 ppm), Zr (974 ppm), Cr (718 ppm), Ni (492 ppm), V (362 ppm), Zn (232 ppm), Nb (231 ppm), and Co (71 ppm) in the basic volcanics. The siliceous shale is enriched in a number of redox‐sensitive elements such as Cu, V, Pb, Zn, and Mo, which are known to be enriched in black shale and anoxic and hydrothermal sediments. The δ³⁴S values of sulfides in the chert and sandstone‐shale lie in the range of 0±2 %, and those in the siliceous shale range from ‐5 to ‐14 %. The measured δ³⁴S values in the basic volcanics are ‐0.3, ‐2.7, and ‐31.5 %. These heavier δ³⁴S signatures (around 0 %) recorded throughout the sequence indicate that the rocks formed under anoxic bottom‐water conditions. Slightly lighter δ³⁴S values recorded in siliceous shale might reflect significant mixing of sulfides that formed by sulfate‐reducing bacteria in an overlying oxic environment. The long‐term duration of anoxic conditions indicated by the heavier δ³⁴S signature is considered to have played an important role in protecting the Kajika sulfide ores from oxidative decomposition and preserving the ores in sedimentary accumulations.  相似文献   

High exposure of Chinese mercury mine workers to elemental mercury vapor and their increased hair methylmercury levels： A preliminary report     

Mineshi Sakamoto Xinbin FENG Ping LI Guangle QIU Hongmei JIANG Minoru Yoshida Toyoto Iwata Xiaojie LIU Katsuyuki Murata 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):42-43

Objectives： To assess the exposure to elemental mercury （Hg0） vapor and methylmercury （MeHg） among mercury mine workers in an area of Guizhou Province, China. Methods： Urine total mercury （THg） and hair THg and MeHg were measured in 26 mercury miners and smelters （i.e., exposed group）, and 52 control subjects （unexposed group）. Results： The mine workers showed high geometric mean THg concentrations in urine （258 ng/mL, 226 μg/g creatinine） and hair （20.0 μg/g）. The urine Hg level of smelters, in particular, was extremely high （338 μg/g creatinine in urine）. The highest urine THg reached 4580 μg/g creatinine. THg concentrations in urine and hair showed a significant correlation in the exposed group （r=0.62）, indicating the adhesion of HgO vapor to hair. However, no such significant correlation was found in the control group.  相似文献   

High resolution X-ray fluorescence spectrometry for water analysis of metals in East China Sea     

Y. Zou K. Yokoi H. Ohashi T. Tochio Y. Ito T. Shoji T. Matsuno 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):152-153

Within the last century, water pollution has become a major problem throughout the world. Aquatic systems are endangered by many different types of pollution but one of the most threatening is contamination by heavy metals, for example, Cd, etc. The presence of these metals is mainly due to industrial wastes or mining wastes being improperly treated and dumped into the water supply. The contamination may damage marine organisms or create changes in the aquatic environment. For these reasons, monitoring the concentrations of trace elements in rivers, coastal waters and open seawater is very important for environmental conservation. Like many countries in the world, China is facing the serious problem of water pollution in its aquatic system. Areas like the Yangtze River have been industrialized very quickly, and without proper waste control practices the pollution levels have increased with the economic growth. The Yangtze River covers thousands of square kilometers and crosses more than half of China before reaching the East China Sea.  相似文献   

Isotope Compositions of Submarine Hana Ridge Lavas, Haleakala Volcano, Hawaii: Implications for Source Compositions, Melting Process and the Structure of the Hawaiian Plume     

REN  ZHONG-YUAN; SHIBATA  TOMOYUKI; YOSHIKAWA  MASAKO; JOHNSON  KEVIN T. M.; TAKAHASHI  EIICHI 《Journal of Petrology》2006,47(2):255-275

We report Sr, Nd, and Pb isotope compositions for 17 bulk-rocksamples from the submarine Hana Ridge, Haleakala volcano, Hawaii,collected by three dives by ROV Kaiko during a joint Japan–USHawaiian cruise in 2001. The Sr, Nd, and Pb isotope ratios forthe submarine Hana Ridge lavas are similar to those of Kilauealavas. This contrasts with the isotope ratios from the subaerialHonomanu lavas of the Haleakala shield, which are similar toMauna Loa lavas or intermediate between the Kilauea and MaunaLoa fields. The observation that both the Kea and Loa componentscoexist in individual shields is inconsistent with the interpretationthat the location of volcanoes within the Hawaiian chain controlsthe geographical distribution of the Loa and Kea trend geochemicalcharacteristics. Isotopic and trace element ratios in Haleakalashield lavas suggest that a recycled oceanic crustal gabbroiccomponent is present in the mantle source. The geochemical characteristicsof the lavas combined with petrological modeling calculationsusing trace element inversion and pMELTS suggest that the meltingdepth progressively decreases in the mantle source during shieldgrowth, and that the proportion of the recycled oceanic gabbroiccomponent sampled by the melt is higher in the later stagesof Hawaiian shields as the volcanoes migrate away from the centralaxis of the plume. KEY WORDS: submarine Hana Ridge; isotope composition; melting depth; Hawaiian mantle plume  相似文献   

地形图交通网要素的自动绘制   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

余海冲  朱海红  李霖  赵虎 《测绘信息与工程》2006,31(3):45-47

分析了地形数据库中交通网要素数据,提出了一种基于图元组合并设置图元绘制顺序的交通网要素自动绘制方法,为解决交通网要素的自动绘制提供了一种可选途径。  相似文献   

基于元构件模型的GIS构件自动组装   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李芳  边馥苓 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2006,31(10):932-935

研究了在GIS领域背景下基于元构件模型的GIS构件自动组装，其核心思想是在GIS构件的元构件模型中描述与GIS领域相关的语义信息及构件的构造信息。组装时，以用户输入的任务需求为依据，根据元构件模型中描述的GIS构件语义信息在GIS构件库中查找与任务匹配的GIS构件，根据元构件模型中描述的GIS构件的接口信息、构件间的连接信息及构件规则信息等实现GIS构件运行时的自动组装。  相似文献