一种非公网环境下应急GIS平台消息发送方法     

海青  詹亮 《测绘科学》2017,42(5)

针对非公网环境下的应急GIS平台指挥决策信息传递受限问题,提出了一种不依赖于互联网的消息传递方法。采用ADB+Web Service技术实现内网环境下指挥决策者与一线救援人员间的消息传递,有效地解决了非公网环境下的指挥决策信息传递问题。相较于传统方式,保证了应急平台的灵活性与独立性,降低了平台维护成本,同时由于减少了第三方运营商代理接口的运作环节,从整体上提高了决策指挥者与救援单位间的通信效率,保障了救援工作的及时性与高效性。研究结果对解决应急管理工作中存在的实际问题具有重要的现实意义。  相似文献   

高分二号影像融合方法质量评价   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

陈业培  孙开敏  白婷  彭亚军 《测绘科学》2017,42(11)

针对实际应用中因融合方法选择不恰当而无法充分发挥高分二号数据优势的问题,对常用影像融合算法进行了分析评价,旨在寻找最适用于高分二号数据的影像融合方法。采用Brovey变换、改进IHS变换、PCA变换、GS、HPF、小波PCA、Ehlers、Subtractive、HCS、NND 10种影像融合方法对高分二号影像进行融合处理,并从定性和定量两方面对融合结果进行质量评价。结果表明,针对高分二号数据,综合考虑光谱保真度和空间细节表达以及目视效果,HCS和NND方法的融合效果最佳。  相似文献   

Oil and gas development exposure and conservation scenarios for Greater sage-grouse: Combining spatially explicit modeling with GIS visualization provides critical information for management decisions     

《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2017

During the last quarter-century, global demand for energy has increased by more than 60%, and a similar increase is anticipated to occur by 2030 (Raymond, Deming, & Nichols, 2007). In the U.S., oil and gas development is projected to continue across western states within sage-grouse habitat. Greater sage-grouse, recently a candidate species for protection under the Endangered Species Act (ESA), have well documented negative responses to oil and gas disturbance. In this study, we create spatially-explicit oil and gas future development scenarios, baseline and high, and link them to sage-grouse population and habitat maps to quantify future exposure risk within Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA) sage-grouse management zones (MZ) I and II. We then analyze recent land use decisions from the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) along with enacted policy from the State of Wyoming to estimate how these management actions might minimize the exposure risk of sage-grouse to oil and gas development into the future. Our results show that BLM and Wyoming conservation plans could reduce the exposure of sage-grouse to oil and gas development from 15-27% to 11–17% (31–37% reduction) in MZ I and from 15-27% to 5–9% (64–68% reduction) in MZ II. Our estimates of exposure to future oil and gas development, and conservation measures designed to ameliorate those threats, represent the upper and lower extents of potential impacts within scenarios. Our work demonstrates how spatial modeling and GIS visualization can be used by managers to assess likely outcomes of conservation decisions.  相似文献   

Men and women in Boston learn about terrorism differently: gendering the urban values–vulnerability nexus     

Kevin Keenan 《Urban geography》2017,38(6):927-950

This paper expands the values-vulnerability nexus for studying urban vulnerability to terrorism. Gender is among the most salient social structures affecting a person’s interpretation of risk, and urban geographers have demonstrated that gender also deeply affects the experience of urban life. However, the values that shape urban vulnerability to terrorism have been conceptualized more broadly, usually focusing on the underpinning economic organization of cities that terrorists exploit rather than on concepts such as gender. As a result, the role of gender in understanding societal responses to terrorism—specifically risk perception and preparedness—is underdeveloped, including in the 2008 US National Survey of Disaster and Preparedness, which sought to understand Americans’ responses to terrorism. This paper outlines a gender values–vulnerability nexus for studying terrorism. Using interview data from Boston, Massachusetts conducted before and after the 15 April 2013 Boston Marathon attacks, I demonstrate that gender deeply affected how Bostonians learned about and responded to terrorism. The gender values–vulnerability nexus explores the role of gendered political, social, economic, and geographical dimensions in urban vulnerability to terrorism. The role of gender has the potential to substantially increase vulnerability for urban populations, particularly given gender-similar social networks and urban contexts that continue to yield different experiences for men and women. The implications of these findings may signal challenges for urban emergency managers, public safety officials, and ordinary people in American cities.  相似文献   

中国综合气候变化风险区划   总被引：25，自引：7，他引：18  

吴绍洪  潘韬  刘燕华  邓浩宇  焦珂伟  陆晴  冯爱青  岳溪柳  尹云鹤  赵东升  高江波 《地理学报》2017,72(1):3-17

气候变化作用于自然环境与社会经济系统,产生一系列影响。随着未来社会经济发展,气候变化危险性与自然环境和社会经济承险体耦合形成有规律的风险时空格局。将此时空格局系统化表达即是综合气候变化风险区划,是适应气候变化的科学基础之一。本文基于RCP 8.5下的近中期（2021-2050年）气候情景,分析了中国未来气温和降水变化趋势与速率,评价了干旱、高温热浪以及洪涝等极端事件危险性,选取人口、经济、粮食生产和生态系统等承险体风险作为综合风险定量评估的指标。在系统性、主导因素以及空间连续性原则的指导下,提出中国综合气候变化风险区划三级区域系统方案,划分出8个气候变化敏感区、19个极端事件危险区和46个承险体综合风险区。结果发现：2021-2050年RCP 8.5情景下中国的气候变化高风险区主要包括：华北弱暖增雨敏感区,华北平原热浪危险区,人口经济粮食高风险区;华南—西南弱暖增雨敏感区,黔滇山地热浪危险区,生态经济粮食人口高风险区;华南沿海涝热危险区,生态粮食经济人口高风险区。中国综合气候变化风险区划涵盖了气候变化情景、极端事件发生、社会经济与生态系统的可能损失信息,可以为国家或地方应对气候变化及气候变化风险管理提供科技支撑。  相似文献   

上海市地下商业空间使用权估价及空间分异     

石忆邵  周蕾 《地理学报》2017,72(10):1787-1799

目前的土地估价不仅很少考虑地下空间价值,而且缺乏相对成熟的地下空间估价体系和方法。首先结合成本法、收益还原法及楼层效用比法,建立地下空间使用权价格评估模型。然后,分析了地下空间使用权价值的主要影响因素,发现区位、交通、商业经营等因素显著影响地下商业空间的效用;指出为了提高估价的准确性,地下商业空间效用应该分级、分类设置,而不能笼统地确定为同一水平,并据此测算出上海市地下空间使用权地价分配率。基于所构建的评估模型,以上海市地下商业空间为例,通过克里金内插法,廓清了上海市地下空间使用权价格的空间分布状况;最后,从典型购物中心、市级商业中心和全市商业用地成交地块三个维度,探讨上海市地下商业空间使用权价格的空间分异特征。结果表明：① 上海市地下空间使用权价格空间分布与地上土地使用权价格分布规律基本一致,并由市中心向郊区递减;② 地下商业空间使用权价格对地下轨道交通具有较强的依赖性;③ 与地上商业空间使用权价格分布相比,地下商业空间使用权价格分布的集聚性特征更明显。  相似文献   

Comparing the Validity and Reliability of Place Attachment Across Cultures     

Christopher J. Wynveen  Ingrid E. Schneider  Stuart Cottrell  Arne Arnberger  Alexander C. Schlueter  Eick Von Ruschkowski 《社会与自然资源》2017,30(11):1389-1403

Researchers often measure human–place bonds via place attachment scales across a variety of settings. However, scale use does not always include an evaluation of the scales’ psychometric properties, especially in multisite studies. Failure to consider a place attachment scale’s measurement properties makes both validity and reliability assumptions and may lead to improper data interpretation. Hence, this investigation assessed a place attachment scale across three sites via data collected on site in natural resource protected areas in Colorado, Minnesota, and Germany. A series of confirmatory factor analyses assessed the hypothesized two-dimensional (i.e., place identity and place dependence) model, Cronbach’s alphas calculated a measure of internal consistency, and a multigroup procedure cross-validated the scale. Some items did not load on the hypothesized dimension and the pattern of factor loadings was not equivalent across settings, suggesting assessment of place attachment scales may be necessary when used in new contexts.  相似文献   

城市居民出境旅游风险感知维度选划——以上海市为例     

吴国清 《地域研究与开发》2017,36(1)

伴随着中国公民出境旅游的持续增长,出境旅游风险频度也不断升级,危害程度不断加剧。依据旅游风险感知维度相关研究成果与实地抽样调查数据统计分析,以上海市为例,选划城市居民出境旅游风险感知维度,并结合政府部门出境提示预警、游客对出境旅游的有效投诉、企业出境旅游产品风险等级测评等相关数据,分别从出境旅游服务需求方和提供方视角对出境旅游风险感知维度进行甄别及差异校验,旨在为城市居民出境旅游风险管控与可持续发展决策提供科学依据。  相似文献   

沈阳城市应急避难场所的识别、空间格局与服务功能     

王女英  修春亮  魏冶 《地域研究与开发》2017,36(5)

以沈阳市为例,运用高分辨率遥感影像识别城市应急避难场所,采用空间插值、波段集统计等方法刻画应急避难场所空间分布及其与人口的空间匹配性,通过栅格成本分析和加权Voronoi图等方法测算空间可达性并划分其服务区范围。研究表明:(1)沈阳市应急避难场所分布呈现出"小集聚、大分散"的基本格局,与人口分布的空间匹配性差;(2)应急避难场所可达性表现出空间异质性,大型用地对整体格局起到主要塑造作用;(3)研究区域可划分为14个较为明确的应急避难场所服务区,不同服务范围在空间上存在大小、数量和构成上的差异。最后,从城市安全视角对沈阳市应急避难场所的空间布局提出优化建议,为政府部门决策提供科学依据与政策参考。  相似文献   

基于微博数据和情感分析法的台风“米克拉”灾情过程探测     

陈齐超  林广发  梁春阳  黄潇  张明锋  陈鑫  周星辰 《亚热带资源与环境学报》2021,(1):70-76

以2020年第6号台风“米克拉”为例,采集了5916条新浪微博作为数据源,综合应用隐含狄利克雷分布(Latent Dirichlet Allocation,LDA)主题模型、文本情感分析方法和空间分析技术,挖掘、分析台风的灾情时空过程。基于LDA主题模型建立了主题-词矩阵并进行隐含主题聚类,这些微博文本被分为灾损类信息、预警类信息、防御类信息和无关信息;从主题信息和文本情感值两个角度入手,对此次台风事件网络舆情的演化过程进行分析。结果表明:“米克拉”登陆前有大量积极情感的微博,主要包含渴望降雨、降温等信息,此类微博大量分布在漳州、厦门、福州等地区;在台风入境后消极情感的微博大量增多,主要描述道路、树木等受大风和大雨影响的灾损类信息,此类信息的空间位置主要分布在漳州和厦门,能较好地反映台风灾害影响的时空分布。通过对微博主题类别和情感极性进行时空分析,实现台风灾害事件发展趋势的监测,为防灾减灾提供参考依据。  相似文献