桂东南南渡—莲塘岩体的应变测量与应变特征     

冯佐海  梁金城 《大地构造与成矿学》1996,20(2):172-183

桂东南南渡—莲塘岩体及其围岩的应变测量结果表明：岩体总体以压扁变形为主，收缩变形为辅；热接触变质带内近岩体—侧以压扁变形为主，而远离岩体则转为以收缩变形为主。花岗岩浆沿博白—岑溪断裂带内由左旋走滑剪切所产生的构造位张空间侵位，故岩体和围岩的应变强度均软弱。  相似文献   

Distribution of thermal areas on an active lava flow field: Landsat observations of Kilauea,Hawaii, July 1991     

Luke P. Flynn  Peter J. Mouginis-Mark  Keith A. Horton 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1994,56(4):284-296

A Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) image acquired on 23 July 1991 recorded widespread activity associated with the Episode 48 of the Pu'u 'O'o-Kupaianaha eruption of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii. The scene contains a very large number (>3500) of thermally elevated near infrared (0.8–2.35 m) pixels (each 900 m²), which enable the spatial distribution of volcanic activity to be identified. This activity includes a lava lake within Pu'u 'O'o cone, an active lava tube system (7.9 km in length) with skylights between the Kupaianaha lava shield and several ocean entry points, and extensive active surface flows (total area of 1.3 km²) within a much larger area of cooling flows (total16 km²). The production of an average flux density map from the TM data of the flow field, wherein the average flux density is defined in units of Wm^-2, allows for the chronology of emplacement of active and cooling flows to be determined. The flux density map reveals that there were at least three breakouts (>5000 Wm^-2) feeding active flows, but on the day that the data were collected the TM recorded a waning phase of surface activity in this area, based on the relatively large amount of intermediate power-emitting (cooling) flows compared to high power-emitting (active) flows. The production of a comparable flux density map for future eruptions would aid in the assessment of volcanic hazards if the data were available in near-real time.  相似文献   

皖南—浙西下古生界碳沥青成因及南方海相“有效烃源岩”问题探讨   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈安定  黄金明  杨芝文  翟爱军  吴长祥 《海相油气地质》2004,(Z1)

赋存于皖南—浙西的固体碳沥青分为古油藏裂解碳沥青和古油藏破坏次生充填碳沥青两种类型 ,阐明了两类碳沥青的不同成因机制。重新认定了浙西“康山沥青脉”为碳沥青而不是泥岩。论证了皖南、浙西碳沥青的烃源为下寒武统、中—上奥陶统至下志留统、中—上寒武统等。认为加里东运动—广西事件期间是下扬子盆地相区以下寒武统黑页岩为烃源的油藏形成和部分破坏的主要时期。针对南方的油气勘探 ,提出了只有在晚期成藏中作出贡献的源岩才是“有效烃源岩”的新概念。  相似文献   

油气充注对成岩作用的影响   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

胡海燕 《海相油气地质》2004,(Z1)

油气充注对成岩作用的影响有三个方面 :抑制石英和伊利石的胶结作用、油气中所有机酸对深部孔隙的溶蚀改造作用、油气超压对压实的缓冲作用。英国北海Miller油气藏等的资料显示 ,油气充注较早时 ,油区的石英胶结速率比水区的明显要低 ,石英的胶结丰度比一般预测值低 ,而孔隙度比一般的预测值要高。我国渤海湾盆地东营凹陷油田资料显示 ,无论浅部或深部 ,凡是含油砂岩 ,其长石类及碳酸盐类矿物的溶解都十分强烈 ,次生孔隙很发育 ,而不含油的砂岩 ,其矿物溶解及次生孔隙发育一般较差 ;油层的方解石、白云石含量一般比水层低 ,深层尤为明显。干酪根生成油气时的流体体积增加 ,可大大增加孔隙流体压力 ,产生超压 ,并可传递到储集层 ,因而大大增加对压实作用的抵抗能力。上述三方面实质上都为深部油气成藏改善了储层基础 ,对深部油气勘探具有非常现实的意义。  相似文献   

柴达木盆地北缘西段榴辉岩相变质泥质岩的确定及意义   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2  

张建新  孟繁聪  杨经绥 《地质通报》2003,22(9):655-657

在柴北缘西段的鱼卡—落凤坡一带,识别出榴辉岩相的变质泥质岩,其典型的矿物组合为石榴子石+蓝晶石+硬绿泥石+多硅白云母±十字石±钠云母+石英+金红石。温压估算获得其峰期变质条件为p=2.3～3.1GPa,T=615～700℃,与相邻榴辉岩形成的温压条件相似。结合大理岩和正片麻岩中保存有残留的榴辉岩相的矿物,认为榴辉岩与围岩经历了共同的变质历史,它们之间的关系是“原地”关系,而不是“构造侵位”关系。  相似文献   

Diapiric emplacement in the upper crust of a granitic body: the La Bazana granite (SW Spain)     

Elena Galadí-Enríquez  Jesús Galindo-Zaldívar  Fernando Simancas  Inmaculada Expsito 《Tectonophysics》2003,361(1-2):83-96

The ascent and emplacement of granites in the upper crust is a major geological phenomenon accomplished by a number of different processes. The active processes determine the final geometry of the bodies and, in some favourable cases, the inverse problem of deducing mechanisms can be undertaken by relying on the geometry of plutons. This is the case of the La Bazana granitic pluton, a small Variscan igneous body that intruded Cambrian rocks of the Ossa-Morena Zone (SW Iberian Massif) in the core of a large late upright antiform. The granite shows no appreciable solid-state deformation, but has a late magmatic foliation whose orientation, derived from field observations, defines a gentle dome. The regional attitude of the main foliation in the country rock (parallel to the axial plane of recumbent folds) is NW–SE, but just around the granite, it accommodates to the dome shape of the pluton. Flattening in the host rock on top of the granite is indicated by boudinaged and folded veins, and appears to be caused by an upward pushing of the magma during its emplacement. The dome-shaped foliation of the granite, geometrically and kinematically congruent with the flattening in the host rock, can be related in the same way to the upward pushing of the magma. The level of final emplacement was deduced from the mineral associations in the thermal aureole to be of 7–10 km in depth. Models of the gravity anomaly related to the granite body show that the granite has a teardrop–pipe shape enlarged at its top. Diapiric ascent of the magma through the lower middle crust is inferred until reaching a high viscous level, where final emplacement accompanied by lateral expansion and vertical flattening took place. This natural example suggests that diapirism may be a viable mechanism for migration and emplacement of magmas, at least up to 7–10 km in depth, and it provides natural evidence for theoretical discussion on the ability of magmatic diapirs to pierce the crust.  相似文献   

The role of extensional tectonics at different crustal levels on granite ascent and emplacement: an example from Tuscany (Italy)     

V. Acocella  F. Rossetti 《Tectonophysics》2002,354(1-2)

The role of regional extension on the rise and emplacement of granites in the crust is still debated. Pluton ascent and emplacement widely occurred in Tuscany (Italy) since late Miocene during the post-orogenic collapse of the inner Apennines, and are presently occurring in the geothermal areas of Amiata and Larderello. Tuscany offers a preferred test site to study the role of regional extension on pluton ascent and emplacement at different crustal levels. Ductile extension enhanced the segregation and ascent of granitic melts in the lower crust, controlling pluton emplacement in correspondence with the brittle–ductile transition. In the brittle crust, magma ascent occurred through subvertical faults and fractures compatible with the regional extension direction; pluton emplacement mainly occurred by means of roof lifting. The case of Tuscany suggests that the extensional structures enhance melt segregation and ascent in the ductile crust, but are not efficient alone to provide a pathway for the ascent of granitic magmas in the brittle-extending crust. The estimated magmatic strain rates due to pluton emplacement in the geothermal areas are much larger than the regional tectonic strain rates. This suggests that regional tectonics did not control magma emplacement in the brittle crust and explains why nontectonic processes (roof lifting) accommodated the space required for pluton emplacement.  相似文献   

Conditions of contact metamorphism, Papoose Flat Pluton, eastern California, USA: implications for cooling and strain histories     

M. W. NYMAN  R. D. LAW  S. S. MORGAN 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1995,13(5):627-643

Abstract Petrological study of highly strained carbonate and pelitic rocks within the contact aureole surrounding the western part of the Papoose Flat pluton yields thermal profiles (plots of metamorphic temperature versus distance) across the aureole that show temperature gradients which are relatively flat and narrow (<100m). The gradients occur close to the contact and indicate a slight decrease in temperature from 500–550°C at the pluton/wall rock contact to 450–500°C at the outer margin of the aureole. One thermal profile across low-strain metasedimentary rocks located in the southern part of the aureole shows that thermal effects from emplacement extend no further than 600 m from the contact. Coexistence of andalusite and cordierite in pelitic rocks of the aureole constrain pressures to <4 kbar. Thermal modelling using an analytical solution of the conductive heat flow equation for a rectangular-shaped pluton reproduces the observed thermal maxima and profile shape. Conductive rather than convective cooling also is supported by isotopic and field evidence for limited fluid flow along the strongly deformed margin of the pluton. Simple thermal models coupled with observed high-temperature deformation features and a measured 90% attenuation of stratigraphic units in the plastically deformed western part of the pluton's aureole indicate that strain rates may have been of the order of 10^-12s^-1. Evidence for episodic heating, such as two distinct generations of andalusite growth in pelites from the aureole, alternatively may indicate a longer heating event and, therefore, slower strain rates. Thermal models also indicate that parts of the pluton still may have been above the solidus during deformation of the pluton margin and aureole.  相似文献   

蛇绿岩及蛇绿岩构造侵位     

高坪仙 《华北地质》2000,(4)

已有研究实例阐明了蛇绿岩产出的构造环境及构造侵位机制的多样性 ,其中发育完整的蛇绿岩套具有与现代大洋岩石圈剖面相似的四层结构模式 ,它们形成于洋中脊扩张构造环境。由于构造运动使蛇绿岩套肢解 ,构造侵位于大陆造山带缝合线地带 ,沿断裂构造以构造岩片和构造混杂岩产出。蛇绿岩提供了洋壳形成和破坏的重要证据 ,蛇绿岩带或古缝合线是确定造山带中古洋盆存在及陆块边界的直接标志  相似文献   

伊春地区上游新村晚三叠世二长花岗岩体成因及就位机制   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

刘宝山  马永强  吕军  张金莲  张大鹏  郝永红 《地质与资源》2005,14(3):170-175,191

伊春-延寿花岗岩带上的晚三叠世二长花岗岩体是一套呈结构演化系列的岩石,岩石类型按结构可划分出一期结构、二期结构、末期结构的完整系列.岩石中普遍发育同源闪长岩包体,在岩石学、岩石化学及地球化学方面表现出明显I型花岗岩特征.花岗岩类产出动力学地质背景分析表明其形成于碰撞后构造环境,造山后伸展体制是这期花岗岩形成的重要原因,岩浆就位机制呈现出被动侵位的特点.  相似文献