An Innovative Process to Improve Turbidity and Organics Removal by BAC Filters     

MIAO Jia ZHAO Qingliang WANG Baozhen LI Ji ZHANG Jinsong 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2006,5(4):387-392

The turbidity criterion for the product water of a WTP according to the State Project ‘863＇ on the safeguard technology of drinking water in the southern areas of China is 0.1 NTU. The turbidity removal in the activated carbon filter was analyzed in a pilot-scale test and an innovative technology to improve the turbidity removal in a biologically activated carbon （BAC） filter was put forward in order to meet the criterion. Experimental results showed that the enhanced filtration by adding polymerized aluminium chloride （PAC） into the BAC filter was quite effective in turbidity control. The effluent turbidity was kept at a stable level （mean） of 0.033 NTU with a high removal of about 80% for influent turbidity of 0.110- 0240 NTU with an addition of PAC at 0.05 mg L^-1, meeting the requirement for filtrate turbidity equal to or less than 0.1NTUC totally. In addition, the larger the PAC dosage was, the lower the effluent turbidity was. However, further improvement of turbidity removal was not obvious for PAC dosages beyond 0.10 mg L^- 1, and an optimal PAC dosage in the range of 0.05 - 0.10 mg L^- 1 was proposed.  相似文献   

Petroleum potential of Baikal deposits   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

A.E. Kontorovich  V.A. Kashirtsev  V.I. Moskvin  L.M. Burshtein  T.I. Zemskaya  E.A. Kostyreva  G.V. Kalmychkov  O.M. Khlystov 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2007,48(12):1046-1053

We analyzed oils, gases, and bitumens of bottom sediments from natural shows on the southeastern shore of Lake Baikal, in the mouth of the Stvolovaya River near Capes Tolstyi and Gorevoi Utes. Based on a set of geological data, we have established that: (1) the lake oils underwent biodegradation to a variable degree: “Fresh” nondegraded paraffin oil floats up near Cape Gorevoi Utes; in the mouth of the Stvolovaya River and near Cape Tolstyi, aromatic-naphthene oil lacks n-alkanes, monomethyl alkanes, and acyclic isoprenoids; (2) Cenozoic oil originated from the organic matter of fresh-water basins with significant amounts of higher land plant remains, including angiosperm plants (oleanane), which suggests the lake or delta genesis of oil source formations of Cretaceous and younger ages. Judging from the carbon isotope composition (average δ¹³C = −43.84‰), methane from the bottom sediments near Cape Gorevoi Utes is catagenetic. The initial in-place resources in the Baikal sedimentary basins are estimated by the volumetric-statistical method at 500 mln tons of equivalent hydrocarbons.  相似文献   

Conversion and degradation of crude oil by Bacillus SP3     

郝瑞霞  鲁安怀 《中国地球化学学报》2007,26(2):201-206

The objective of this study is to demonstrate the basic characteristics of Bacillus SP3 and evaluate its effect on different crude oils. Strain SP3 is a motile, gram-positive, spore-producing rod that was isolated from a reservoir of the Shengli oil field in East China. The cells of strain SP3 grew at high temperatures up to 58℃ at the pH range of 5.5–8.5. Strain SP3 grew facultatively and could use different organic substrates, and produce some metabolites such as 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, methyl-2-nitrogen benzene and 1, 2-benzenedicarboxylic acid bis ester. Laboratory studies have demonstrated that the strain converted and degraded different components and changed the physical and chemical properties of crude oils. Strain SP3 degraded crude oil and the growth of bacteria on crude oil resulted in loss of aromatic hydrocarbons, resins and asphaltenes. The bioconversion of crude oils would lead to an enrichment in lighter hydrocarbons and an overall redistribution of saturate hydrocarbons. The interactions of microorganisms with crude oils are variable, depending on the microbial species and the chemical compositions of crude oils.  相似文献   

Climatic forcing before,during, and after the 8.2 Kyr B.P. global cooling event     

Devendra Lal  William G. Large  Stephan G. Walker 《Journal of Earth System Science》2007,116(3):171-177

This paper attempts at full characterization of the unique global 8.2 Kyr B.P. cooling event. Significant atmospheric cooling started during 9.5–8.5 Kyr B.P. when the Sun was extremely quiet during three periods of ∼ 50–100 years. The flood of melt water in the N. Atlantic from glacial lakes during the demise of the Laurentide ice sheet, starting at ∼ 8.5 Kyr B.P., adds to the atmospheric cooling. Climatic forcing events occurred at 8.5 Kyr B.P., at 8.2 Kyr B.P. and finally at 8.06 Kyr B.P., leading to concurrent increases or decreases in the atmospheric Δ¹⁴C levels, completely consistent with the climatic forcing proposed here.  相似文献   

Geotechnical properties of municipal sewage sludge   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Brendan C. O’Kelly 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2006,24(4):833-850

The geotechnical properties of municipal sewage sludge, in particular those pertinent to the handling and landfilling of the material, are presented. Index, drying, compaction, shear strength and consolidation tests were conducted on the material at different states of biodegradation. The organic content and specific gravity of solids were found to be inversely related, with typical organic contents of 50–70% and specific gravity of solids values of 1.55–1.80. The density of the compacted material was low in comparison with mineral soils. Standard Proctor compaction yielded a maximum dry density of 0.56 tonne/m³ at 85% water content. Laboratory vane-shear and triaxial compression tests indicated that, below about 180% water content, the shear strength of the sludge material increased exponentially with reducing water content. Consolidated-undrained triaxial compression tests on the pasteurised sludge material indicated an effective angle of shearing resistance of 32° for the moderately degraded material and 37° for the strongly degraded material. Biogas was produced at rates of up to 0.33 L/day/kg slurry due to ongoing biodegradation and the resulting pore pressure response must be taken into account in any stress analysis. Consolidation tests using the hydraulic consolidation cell, oedometer and triaxial apparatus indicated that the sludge material was highly compressible although practically impermeable, for example the coefficient of permeability for the moderately degraded slurry was of the order of 10⁻⁹m/s. However, creep deformation was significant with typical coefficient of secondary compression values of 0.02–0.08 for the compacted material. A more free-draining material was produced at higher states of biodegradation.  相似文献   

反硝化条件下苯生物降解的微环境研究   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

李东艳  孔惠 《地球科学》2000,25(5):493-497

探讨了厌氧微环境中苯的生物降解.接种物来自北京郊区的稻田土.结果表明, 在富集培养和转移培养微环境中, 苯和甲苯的降解与硝酸盐还原作用同时发生.甲苯比苯更易降解, 甲苯的存在促进了苯的降解.这是一例反硝化条件下苯能被生物降解的研究   相似文献   

Integral equation solution for three-dimensional heat transfer in multiple-fracture enhanced geothermal reservoirs     

Dong Dong Liu  Yan Yong Xiang  Jin Lei Zheng 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2020,44(11):1511-1524

For the prediction of energy production from multiple-fractured geothermal reservoirs, previous models basically focused on the one-dimensional conduction in the rock containing evenly distributed fractures of equal scale. Here, a novel model is described to numerically investigate the three-dimensional heat transfer in geothermal reservoirs with unevenly spaced disc fractures of various sizes including the aperture and radius. In terms of the water flow through each fracture, an approximate analytical solution is obtained on the assumption that the water pressure disturbances, induced by the fracture margin and extraction (injection) operation, at the injection (extraction) well center and at different locations within the injection (extraction) well range were approximately equal. By the integral equation scheme for two-dimensional planar fractures, the three-dimensional problem of heat exchange is simulated without the reservoir discretization. The singular integral is analytically calculated in polar coordinates whereas the nonsingular integrand is numerically estimated by the Gaussian quadrature method in Cartesian coordinates. Compared with the one-dimensional simplification, the three-dimensional heat conduction remarkably alters the prediction of extraction temperature. In addition, the reservoir temperature field is also significantly influenced by the spacings and dimensions of fractures. The present model may be used for the estimation, design, and optimization of a geothermal reservoir.  相似文献   

增强型地热系统:潜力大、开发难   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

廖志杰  万天丰  张振国 《地学前缘》2015,22(1):335-344

文中讨论了为什么要开发干热岩地热资源?什么是干热岩系统和增强型地热系统?中国干热岩系统的潜力,如何发展中国的EGS以及我们可供考虑的建议。随着常规能源的不断消耗,可再生能源日益受到人类的青睐。在可再生能源中,地热能的容量最大,地热发电提供的是基本负荷,但是由于诸多因素,开发滞后。尤其是对潜力大、开发难的增强型地热系统,中国更是从研究到开发,都刚刚起步。如果地热发电的规模要超过风能及太阳能等其他新能源,不能仅靠水热型地热系统的开发利用,而必须重视和利用干热岩资源,大力研发增强型地热系统。中国干热岩系统的潜势如何呢?中国科学院地质地球物理研究所利用921个大地热流数据编制了《中国大陆地区新版热流图》以及3~10km深处不同深度温度分布图,计算了不同深度干热岩地热资源量,总数为2.09×107 EJ;其中主要分布在青藏高原,占全国总资源量的五分之一。作者们认为,干热岩资源的开发和增强型地热系统的建立是一个系统工程,地热资源的开发是一项风险投资,亚经济型的EGS风险更甚。国家必须统一安排和投资。工程项目必须学习国外的经验和吸取开发的教训。要选择关键地区进行试验和研究。作者们建议可考虑选择羊八井地热田的北部作为试验地区。  相似文献   

白令海和楚科奇海表层沉积物中多环芳烃降解微生物多样性   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

张荣秋  董纯明  盛华芳  白秀花  矫立萍  刘金禄  汪卫国  周宏伟  邵宗泽 《海洋学报》2014,36(4):52-61

为了研究白令海(海盆及陆架)至楚科奇海陆架表层沉积物中多环芳烃(PAHs)降解菌的多样性,并获得新的PAHs降解菌资源。在GC-MS分析沉积物中PAHs种类和含量的基础上,以萘、菲和芘的混合物为唯一碳源和能源对表层沉积物样品进行富集,通过平板分离鉴定可培养菌株,并验证其降解能力;同时利用变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)和Illumina高通量测序技术分析降解菌群结构。GC-MS测定结果表明,14个表层沉积物中PAHs总干质量介于32.99~276.97ng/g。富集菌群中共分离获得51株可培养细菌,平板纯培养、PCR-DGGE及Illumina测序结果均表明,菌群中优势的降解菌是γ-proteobacteria的Marinobacter,Pseudoalteromonas,Pseudomonas和Actinobacteria门的Dietzia菌。此外,Illumina测序结果还表明14个降解菌群在菌群结构组成上,可分为海盆区和陆架区两种类群;同时检测到一些低丰度的海洋专属PAHs降解菌,如Cycloclasticus,Alteromonas和Neptunomonas等。本文结果将加深对白令海及楚科奇海表层沉积物中PAHs降解菌资源与生物多样性的认识。  相似文献   

Charging of the Penglai 9-1 oil field,Bohai Bay basin,China: Functions of the delta on accumulating petroleum     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2014

The Penglai 9-1 (PL9-1) oil field, which contains China's third largest offshore oil accumulation (in-place reserves greater than 2.28 × 10⁸ ton or 1.49 × 10⁹ bbl), was found in shallow reservoirs (700–1700 m, 2297–5577 ft) within the most active fault zone in east China. The PL9-1 field contains two oil-bearing series, the granite intrusions in Mesozoic (Mz) and both the sandstone reservoirs in Neogene Guantao (Ng) and Neogene Minghuazhen (Nm) Formation. The origins of the PL9-1 field, both in terms of source rock intervals and generative kitchens, were determined by analyzing biomarker distributions for 61 source rock samples and 33 oil samples. The Mesozoic granite intrusions, which hold more than 80% of the oil reserves in the field, were charged in the west by oil generated from the third member (Es₃) of the Shahejie Formation in the Bodong depression. The Neogene reservoirs of the PL9-1 field were charged in the west by oil generated from the third member (Es₃) of the Shahejie Formation in the Bodong depression and in the south by oil generated from the first member (Es₁) of the Shahejie Formation in the Miaoxibei depression. Interactive contact between the large fan delta and the mature source rocks residing in the Es₃ Formation of the Bodong depression resulted in a high expulsion efficiency from the source rocks and rapid oil accumulation in the PL9-1 field, which probably explains how can this large oil field accumulate and preserve within the largest and most active fault zone in east China.  相似文献