泥水盾构泥膜动态形成机制研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

白云  孔祥鹏  廖少明 《岩土力学》2010,31(Z2):19-24

随着大直径泥水盾构的广泛应用,盾构掘进过程切削成层土的可能性越来越大,常规的静力平衡的方法不能有效地控制开挖面的稳定。从泥膜形成的机制入手,将泥水仓中的泥浆视为由液相和颗粒相组成的两相流,将开挖地层视为多孔介质,利用多相流在多孔介质中的渗流特性提出了泥膜动态形成的过滤模型。此模型将泥膜视为控制体,并认为泥膜形成过程中遵守质量守恒和体积守恒定律,从边界条件上认为单位时间内从单元体内排出水量与土体积的压缩量相等。过滤模型较好地揭示了泥水盾构掘进过程中泥膜的动态形成过程和开挖地层力学性质的动态变化过程,对泥水盾构正面稳定有较为重要的意义。  相似文献   

一阶相衬CT重建算法的最新进展     

方侨光  张丽  黄志峰  陈志强 《CT理论与应用研究》2008,17(4):23-31

本文简要地解释了衍射增强成像方法和光栅相衬成像方法的物理原理,详细地介绍了以这两种成像方法为基础的一阶相衬CT的物理模型及其重建算法的最新进展,着重分析这些重建算法的思路、特点和性能。这些重建算法基于相衬成像的物理原理,能够从一阶投影数据出发,直接重建样品内部的折射率分布,从而得到了弱吸收物质的高衬度CT图像。  相似文献   

膜过滤在污水处理中的应用研究进展   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

徐新阳  马铮铮 《气象与环境学报》2007,23(4):52-56

膜滤是借助一定的外加压力使液体穿过膜后分离成浓缩液和渗透液的分离技术。常用于水处理的膜滤依据过滤膜孔径、被截留物质的尺寸和施加的过滤压力不同可分为微滤、超滤、纳滤和反渗透等。介绍了不同膜滤技术的渗透原理、膜的类型、过滤模型以及膜的污染与防治,概述了膜过滤在处理垃圾填埋场渗沥液和处理纺织印染工业废水以及中水回用等领域的应用,并探讨了膜滤技术今后的研究方向。  相似文献   

Developing sorbent standards for spill response: Effects of the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 and the Free Trade Agreement     

E. L. Schrader  E. S. Westover 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(1):47-51

For the past five years the Millsaps Sorbent Laboratory has been actively engaged in developing standards for initial and long-term oil spill remedial technologies. As a voting member of the American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM) F-20 Committee, Canadian General Standards Board, and the US Coast Guard Sorbents Task Force, the laboratory has been engaged in developing useful, pragmatic protocols for various chemical and physical sorbent and filtration technologies driven by the deadlines imposed by the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA 90). The open border approach to certification of technologies and products promulgated by the US/Canadian Free Trade Agreement has placed the US users and producers of such products and systems in a unique and tenuous position. Canadian standards and goals are grandfathered into the United States under this agreement and products have official US government certification based on Canadian regulations. This situation is unfavorable to the US domestic environment and economy for several specific scenarios. Included in these scenarios are: abundant warmwater zones and inland waters of the US versus Canada, the basic chemical variation between Canadian and US crude oils, the different generally accepted remediation technologies in the US versus Canadian, and the technology validation procedures prior to purchase inherent to both countries.  相似文献   

The effects of enriched CO₂ and enhanced UV-B radiation on ultra-structure of Dunaliella salina, singly and in combination     

YU Juan  XIAO Hui  TIAN Jiyuan  ZHANG Peiyu  DONG Shuanglin  TANG Xuexi 《海洋学报(英文版)》2006,25(1):137-146

The effects of ambient CO2/ambient UV-B, enriched CO2/ambient UV-B, ambient CO2/enhanced UV-B, and enriched CO2/enhanced UV-B on the ultrastructure of Dunaliella salina were investigated. （1） The ultrastructure of D..salina cell in the control experiment showed that the arrangement of thylakoid lamellae was regular, and there were many large starch grains among the thylakoid lamellae. A prominent well-developed pyrenoid was found in the middle of the chloroplast. Nucleus envelope and nucleolus were clearly observed. The Golgi apparatus accompanied by numerous vesicles with a compact arrangement of cisternae and the peripheral tips of the cisternae were swollen to a size comparable to that of some of the associated vesicles. （2） The ultrastructure of D. salina cell in enriched CO2 showed that the arrangement of thylakoid was regular and the lamellae were vivid. Developed pyrenoids were found in the low-CO2-grown cells, but not in the high-CO2-grown cells. The mitochondria cristae were vivid. The arrangement of Golgi apparatus was compact. （3） The ultrastructure of D. salina cell in enhanced UV-B showed that the thylakoid was dissolved and the cells had a less developed pyrenoid or no detectable pyrenoid. Part of the nucleus envelope was dissolved. The number ofmitochondria was increased and some mitochondria cristae were disintegrated. The starch grains were broken apart into many small starch grains. The Golgi apparatus with a loose arrangement ofcistemae and the peripheral tips of the Golgi cistemae were not especially swollen, with several large associated vesicles. （4） The ultrastructure of D. salina cell in the enriched CO2/enhanced UV-B showed that part of the thylakoid and nucleus envelopes of some cells were dissolved. The pyrenoid was larger than that of the enhanced UV-B. There were many mitochondria between stroma and chloroplast membrane, but mitochondria cristae were partly dissolved. Many small starch grains were accumulated in cells. The starch sheath was broken into several discontinuous starch grains with different sizes. The arrangement of Golgi apparatus was loose. Above all, although the enriched CO2 can alleviate the damage induced by the UV-B radiation, the effects of experimental UV-B radiation were larger than the effects of actual UV-B radiation, the damage induced by the UV-B radiation was so severe, therefore, CO2 enrichment could not restore the ultrastructure to the control level.  相似文献   

精密轨道支持下的哨兵卫星TOPS模式干涉处理   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

吴文豪  周志伟  李陶  龙四春 《测绘学报》2017,46(9):1156-1164

哨兵卫星采用TOPS模式成像,为确保影像干涉相位偏差小于3°,方位向配准精确度需达到0.001个像素。本文论证了哨兵卫星精密轨道条件下进行几何配准即可达到较高的配准精度,满足增强谱分集进行方位向残余偏移量估计的前提条件,并基于DORIS软件实现哨兵卫星TOPS模式影像的几何配准和增强谱分集优化配准处理。地表方位向形变等信号可导致Burst干涉图之间发生相位跳变,并对增强谱分集估计几何配准残余偏移量时产生干扰,本文开展了相关的理论分析和数据处理试验,提出粗差探测方法消除相位跳变对增强谱分集配准的干扰。  相似文献   

Seasonal and spatial distribution of redox zones during lake bank filtration in Berlin,Germany   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Gudrun Massmann  Alexander Nogeitzig  Thomas Taute  Asaf Pekdeger 《Environmental Geology》2008,54(1):53-65

Redox processes during bank filtration were evaluated in Berlin, where bank filtered water is abstracted for drinking water production. The investigations included the mapping of the infiltration zone, a column study and hydrochemical analyses of the groundwater sampled between lake and production well. The organic carbon content increased and the permeability of the lake sediments decreased with distance from the shoreline. The most important changes with regard to the redox state of the infiltrate occurred within the first metre of flow. Infiltration was mostly anoxic, as oxygen was rapidly consumed within the organic rich sediments. The infiltration zone revealed a vertical redox stratification with hydrochemical conditions becoming more reducing with depth rather than with distance from the lake. The redox zones were found to be very narrow below the lake and wider towards the production wells, suggesting that other than differing flow paths, reaeration after infiltration may also occur and possible mechanisms are presented. Redox conditions were influenced by strong annual temperature variations of the surface water affecting the microbial activity. Aerobic infiltration only took place close to the shore in winter.  相似文献   

增强虚拟参考站网络系统软件(VENUS)研制   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

黄丁发  周乐韬  李成钢  徐锐 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2008,33(2):172-176

论述了具有自主知识产权的网络GNSS增强虚拟参考站系统软件(VENUS)的总体设计和功能模块设计.该软件系统平台界面友好,商品化程度高,目前已投入实际网络的运行中,稳定性好.经统计,其实时动态定位(RTK)的外符合精度水平为2～3 cm,高程为3～6 cm;内符合精度水平为1～2 cm,高程为2～4 cm;精度分布均匀,初始化时间短.  相似文献   

极限保土状态下的反滤机制试验研究   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1  

陈轮  庄艳峰  许齐  王钊 《岩土力学》2008,29(6):1455-1460

提出了反滤系统极限保土状态的概念,分别采用4种不同孔径的钢丝编织网进行粉土反滤试验,研究反滤系统的极限保土状态。试验表明,当滤网孔径O和粉土特征粒径d85的比值等于12时,反滤系统才达到极限保土状态。极限保土状态下的反滤系统,在淹没式出流条件下,经往复水流作用26 h后改为单向水流,水力梯度从3.8逐渐增加到9.1,并在9.1的水力梯度下持续渗透453.25 h,反滤系统仍保持稳定,未发生失稳破坏;在非淹没式出流条件下,水力梯度从5.3逐渐增加到12.7期间,反滤系统保持稳定,但在维持12.7的水力梯度下持续渗透261.83 h后,反滤系统发生失稳破坏。对极限保土状态的研究有助于工程设计中更加合理地确定织物滤层孔径上限,减少淤堵。  相似文献   

Removal of Pathogens by River Bank Filtration at Haridwar,India     

A. K. Thakur  C. S. P. Ojha  V. P. Singh  B. R. Gurjar  C. Sandhu 《水文研究》2013,27(11):1535-1542

Measurements of river water quality at Haridwar, India, taken during 2005–2006 show that the river water does not meet the World Health Organization and Bureau of Indian Standards criteria of drinking water quality, especially with respect to total coliform and fecal coliform. This study investigates the removal of pathogens at a river bank filtration site in Haridwar. Using the quality of river water and the quality of abstracted water from a nearby production well, semi‐empirical models based on the concept of filtration coefficient are developed and tested for their effectiveness in removing pathogens under varying bacteriological quality of source water. A two‐tier model, which includes the effect of clogged layer, is developed to obtain an equivalent filtration coefficient. This coefficient is found to be linearly related with natural logarithm of the concentration of pathogens in the source water. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献