自动确定图像二值化最佳阈值的新方法   总被引：38，自引：0，他引：38  

吴冰  秦志远 《测绘学院学报》2001,18(4):283-286

在详细分析二值化处理原理及当前技术的前提下，综合考虑图像的各种实际情况，提出了自动确定图像二值化阈值的增强大津法和边缘检测阈值法。多次实验表明，根据这两种方法确定的阈值对图像进行二值化处理，不仅可有效地解决图像灰度随地特征变化的图像处理问题，同时对于同一信号源的图像也有相当理想的处理效果，该方法可进一步应用于图像分割等。  相似文献   

Predicting DNAPL entrapment and recovery: the influence of hydraulic property correlation     

L. D.?LemkeEmail author  L. M.?Abriola 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2003,17(6):408-418

The influence of aquifer property correlation on multiphase fluid migration, entrapment and recovery was explored by incorporating correlated and uncorrelated porosity, permeability, and capillary pressure-saturation (P_c-Sat) parameter fields in a cross-sectional numerical multiphase flow model. Comparison of two-dimensional entrapped organic saturation distributions for a simulated tetrachloroethylene (PCE) spill in ensembles of aquifer realizations suggests that the degree of spatial correlation in P_c-Sat parameters exerts a controlling influence on dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) spreading and redistribution in saturated aquifers. The predicted evolution of DNAPL source zones and resultant remediation efficiency under surfactant enhanced aquifer remediation (SEAR) also appear to be strongly influenced by the spatial correlation of aquifer parameters and multiphase flow constitutive relationships. Results for a limited number of realizations selected from each ensemble showed that removal of 60% to 99% of entrapped PCE could reduce dissolved contaminant concentration and mass flux by approximately two orders of magnitude under natural gradient conditions. Aqueous phase contaminant mass flux did not vary uniformly as a function of % DNAPL removed, however, and notable differences in behavior were observed for models incorporating correlated versus uncorrelated P_c-Sat and permeability fields. Although these results must be confirmed through analysis of additional realizations, it is likely that similar or larger differences between correlated and uncorrelated system behavior will be observed in aquifers with greater spatially variability than that of the nonuniform, homogeneous sand aquifer studied here. Funding for this research was provided by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes and Mid-Atlantic Center for Hazardous Substance Research under Grant No. R-825540, the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality under Contract No. Y80011, and the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program under Project No. CU-1293. The content of this publication does not necessarily represent the views of these agencies and has not been subject to agency review.  相似文献   

DTP系统环境下地图的制作与出版     

刘真 《测绘学院学报》1998,(2)

彩色地图的出版印刷和一般的彩色图文的出版印刷有很多相似之处 ,但也有不同之处。本实验选择了一幅有代表性的地图 ,图内要素不仅包括水系 ,道路 ,居民地和等高线 ,而且还有分层设色 ,图外还有彩色附图和文字说明。尝试运用常用桌面出版系统制作 ,直接得到 5张 A4幅面的分色晒版胶片 (黄、品红、青、黑和棕专色 )。实验结果证明 ,桌面出版系统软件功能较全面 ,可以制作和出版地图 ,尤其是适合制作和出版带有广告 ,彩色图片的专题地图和影像地图  相似文献   

The effect of heterogeneous stress and strain on metamorphic fluid flow,Mary Kathleen,Australia, and a model for large-scale fluid circulation *     

N. H. S. OLIVER  R. K. VALENTA  V. J. WALL 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1990,8(3):311-331

In the Proterozoic Mary Kathleen Fold Belt, northern Australia, infiltration of large volumes of externally derived fluid occurred synchronously with regional amphibolite-facies metamorphism and deformation. This paper develops a model of structurally controlled fluid migration by comparing the distribution of fossil fluid pathways with the inferred stress and strain patterns during the deformation. Intense fluid flow was localized within strong, relatively brittle meta-intrusive bodies, and in discrete, veined, brecciated and altered zones around their margins. In metasediments folded in a ductile manner outside these areas, fluid infiltration was negligible. The direct correlation between structural styles and the magnitude of veining and metasomatism suggests control of permeability enhancement, and hence fluid flow, by deformation. Finite difference modelling of a strong body in a weaker matrix has been used to evaluate the variation of stresses during the deformation, from which it is clear that stress and strain heterogeneities have systematically influenced the development and maintenance of metamorphic fluid pathways. Particular regions in which mean stress may be significantly lower than the average lithostatic pressures include the ‘strain shadow’zones adjacent to the strong bodies, other dilatant zones around the bodies, and the bodies themselves. This geometry is favourable not only for localized brittle deformation under amphilobite facies conditions, but also for focused fluid flow in the low mean stress regions, as evidenced by the abundance of veins. Fluid access through these metamorphic aquifers occurred during tensile failure episodes, with particularly large dilations and decimetre-scale veining in areas of strain incompatibility. It appears likely that fluid circulated many times through the Fold Belt, with flow concentrated in the metamorphic aquifers. A model is developed that explains both the structurally focused fluid flow and the postulated multi-pass recirculation by dilatancy pumping, the ‘pump engines’comprising the low mean stress zones.  相似文献   

国外航海保障体系研究与启示     

王焕  张明军  席靓  任宪伟 《海洋测绘》2015,35(3):57-59

通过对以英国、美国和日本为代表的国外航海保障体系的研究,重点从组织结构与人员构成、技术支持与主要产品、质量管理与服务体系几方面分析了的国外航海保障体系的先进性,指出其对我国航海保障体系发展的启示之处,提出了我方的改进方向。  相似文献   

折线逼近法在水文遥测数据处理中的应用     

孙永远  张玉田  陈家大 《水文》2010,30(2)

水文资料整编是形成水文监测成果的重要环节,随着水文监测的自动化程度越来越高,数据采集量大幅度增长,大量的数据处理成为水文资料整编的一大难题.本文尝试采用"折线逼近法",对水文遥测数据进行精简处理,尽可能地减少摘录数据量,用最少的摘录数据构成的折线来模拟实际水文要素的变化过程,并使其过程不失真,满足规范要求,便于水文年鉴刊印.该方法在江苏省水文遥测数据直接整编程序软件编制过程中得到应用,获得了较好的效果.  相似文献   

Our Warmest Thanks to AAS Reviewers 2014     

《大气科学进展》2014,(6)

正The editorial office of Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS),on behalf of all AAS editors,would like to publicly acknowledge the people listed below who served as reviewers for the journal daring 1 September 2013 to 24 August 2014.We recognize that the time and work of the reviewers is the most important resource in academic publishing.The quality of our journal depends in a crucial way upon the reviewing process and therefore all reviewers'time and efforts taken to sustain the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.  相似文献   

Mud dispersal across a Cretaceous prodelta: Storm‐generated,wave‐enhanced sediment gravity flows inferred from mudstone microtexture and microfacies     

A. Guy Plint 《Sedimentology》2014,61(3):609-647

Determining sediment transport direction in ancient mudrocks is difficult. In order to determine both process and direction of mud transport, a portion of a well‐mapped Cretaceous delta system was studied. Oriented samples from outcrop represent prodelta environments from ca 10 to 120 km offshore. Oriented thin sections of mudstone, cut in three planes, allowed bed microstructure and palaeoflow directions to be determined. Clay mineral platelets are packaged in equant, face‐face aggregates 2 to 5 μm in diameter that have a random orientation; these aggregates may have formed through flocculation in fluid mud. Cohesive mud was eroded by storms to make intraclastic aggregates 5 to 20 μm in diameter. Mudstone beds are millimetre‐scale, and four microfacies are recognized: Well‐sorted siltstone forms millimetre‐scale combined‐flow ripples overlying scoured surfaces; deposition was from turbulent combined flow. Silt‐streaked claystone comprises parallel, sub‐millimetre laminae of siliceous silt and clay aggregates sorted by shear in the boundary layer beneath a wave‐supported gravity flow of fluid mud. Silty claystone comprises fine siliceous silt grains floating in a matrix of clay and was deposited by vertical settling as fluid mud gelled under minimal current shear. Homogeneous clay‐rich mudstone has little silt and may represent late‐stage settling of fluid mud, or settling from wave‐dissipated fluid mud. It is difficult or impossible to correlate millimetre‐scale beds between thin sections from the same sample, spaced only ca 20 mm apart, due to lateral facies change and localized scour and fill. Combined‐flow ripples in siltstone show strong preferred migration directly down the regional prodelta slope, estimated at ca 1 : 1000. Ripple migration was effected by drag exerted by an overlying layer of downslope‐flowing, wave‐supported fluid mud. In the upper part of the studied section, centimetre‐scale interbeds of very fine to fine‐grained sandstone show wave ripple crests trending shore normal, whereas combined‐flow ripples migrated obliquely alongshore and offshore. Storm winds blowing from the north‐east drove shore‐oblique geostrophic sand transport whereas simultaneously, wave‐supported flows of fluid mud travelled downslope under the influence of gravity. Effective wave base for sand, estimated at ca 40 m, intersected the prodelta surface ca 80 km offshore whereas wave base for mud was at ca 70 m and lay ca 120 km offshore. Small‐scale bioturbation of mud beds co‐occurs with interbedded sandstone but stratigraphically lower, sand‐free mudstone has few or no signs of benthic fauna. It is likely that a combination of soupground substrate, frequent storm emplacement of fluid mud, low nutrient availability and possibly reduced bottom‐water oxygen content collectively inhibited benthic fauna in the distal prodelta.  相似文献   

基于GIS的科普资源信息发布系统设计与实现     

周永望  公茂玉  吴超辉 《测绘与空间地理信息》2014,(3):26-30

科普资源是进行科技普及的物质基础,是进行科技普及的先决条件。基于WebGIS的科普资源信息发布系统可以实现对科普资源的信息化管理,满足用户浏览科普资源信息、分析科普资源等全方位需求。本文分析了科普资源信息发布系统的需求,设计了系统的结构和功能,构建了系统数据库,实现了系统功能。  相似文献   

An enhanced constitutive model for crushable granular materials     

Ali Daouadji  Pierre‐Yves Hicher 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2010,34(6):555-580

Studies in the past have tried to reproduce the mechanical behaviour of granular materials by proposing constitutive relations based on a common assumption that model parameters and parameters describing the properties, including gradation of individual grains are inevitably linked. However successful these models have proved to be, they cannot account for the changes in granular assembly behaviour if the grains start to break during mechanical loading. This paper proposes to analyse the relation between grading change and the mechanical behaviour of granular assembly. A way to model the influence of grain breakage is to use a critical state‐based model. The influence of the amount of grain breakage during loading, depending on the individual grain strength and size distribution, can be introduced into constitutive relations by means of a new parameter that controls the evolution of critical state with changes in grain size distribution. Experimental data from a calcareous sand, a quartz sand, and a rockfill material were compared with numerical results and good‐quality simulations were obtained. The main consequences of grain breakage are increased compressibility and a gradual dilatancy disappearance in the granular material. The critical state concept is also enriched by considering its overall relation to the evolution of the granular material. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献