多渠道地震应急指挥信息发布关键技术研究与实现     

何霆  陈修吾 《华南地震》2019,39(3):109-113

以广东省地震局现有技术系统为基础,开展地震应急信息的多渠道自动发布技术研究。研究面向对象型地震应急信息多渠道发布机制,研究如何综合现有的数据和资源更全面、更有效、更精准地向决策者、应急技术人员、媒体和公众提供更贴近实际需求的定向服务,从而提升地震应急信息的发布和展示能力。  相似文献   

性能增强再生混凝土框架中节点地震损伤评估          下载免费PDF全文

樊禹江  余滨杉  熊二刚  苗晓瑜 《世界地震工程》2019,35(2):123-131

通过对3个足尺性能增强再生混凝土框架中节点进行低周反复加载试验,按照传统延性损伤模型（单参数）、改进的Park-Ang损伤模型（双参数）对其损伤演化与累积进行分析:各试件特征位移等于20 mm时,试件已经出现损伤,但按照延性损伤模型计算结果为负;当特征位移超过100 mm时,改进的Park-Ang损伤模型计算结果表明各试件已经完全破坏,无法继续承载,但试件实际结果却仍表现出一定的承载能力与耗能能力。因而有必要对前述损伤模型进行修正,使其能够适用于性能增强再生混凝土结构之中。基于前述试验结果,针对改进的Park-Ang损伤模型,提出并拟合了纤维项系数、位移项系数和能量项系数3种修正系数,并建立了相应的修正的Park-Ang损伤模型。最后,利用所提出的损伤模型,以HF-RAC2为例进行了损伤指标误差分析,结果表明:平均误差在6%以内,即:所提出双参数损伤模型能够应用于性能增强再生混凝土框架节点地震损伤与评估分析之中。  相似文献   

珠江三角洲湖库水体嗅味物质分布及其去除     

刘祖发  陈记臣  卓文珊  曾珂  梁廖逢  刘茹 《湖泊科学》2019,31(1):113-123

采用固相微萃取-气质联用技术对珠江三角洲9个城市共48个湖库水体中的土臭素（GSM）、2-甲基异茨醇（MIB）和2,3,6-三氯苯甲醚（TCA）等5种嗅味物质进行检测,并探讨污水处理厂和自来水厂处理工艺中嗅味物质的浓度变化规律,同时研究强化混凝沉淀工艺对嗅味物质的去除效果.结果表明：珠江三角洲湖库水体中嗅味问题最严重的是广州、佛山、肇庆、东莞、惠州和深圳6个城市,各市湖库的嗅味物质平均浓度为70.93~116.61 ng/L;中山、珠海与江门3个城市的嗅味问题不明显,各市湖库的嗅味物质平均浓度为22.78~58.82 ng/L;珠江三角洲的湖库中浓度最高的嗅味物质是MIB、TCA和GSM,这3种嗅味物质占了嗅味物质总浓度的80.18%~100.00%;污水处理厂和自来水厂中的处理工艺对嗅味物质均有一定的去除效果,嗅味物质的去除主要发生在混凝沉淀阶段;污水处理厂对MIB、TCA和GSM的平均去除率分别为53.55%、57.40%和72.90%;自来水厂对MIB、TCA和GSM的平均去除率分别为64.14%、69.63%和36.86%;强化混凝沉淀实验中,当嗅味物质初始浓度为200 ng/L时,Al₂O₃投加量为13.75 mg/L可使得混凝沉淀工艺对嗅味物质的去除效果最佳且保证铝盐不超标,嗅味物质浓度增大时Al₂O₃投加量也需增大;反应体系的pH值处于5~8时,混凝沉淀工艺对嗅味物质的去除效果最佳;混凝搅拌速率越快,嗅味物质的去除率越高且越快达到稳定.  相似文献   

Changes in climate,vegetation cover and vegetation composition affect runoff generation in the Gulf of Guinea Basin     

Elias Nkiaka  Gloria Chinwendu Okafor 《水文研究》2024,38(3):e15124

Although considerable effort has been deployed to understand the impact of climate variability and vegetation change on runoff in major basins across Africa, such studies are scarce in the Gulf of Guinea Basin (GGB). This study combines the Budyko framework and elasticity concept along with geospatial data to fill this research gap in 44 nested sub-basins in the GGB. Annual rainfall from 1982 to 2021 show significant decreasing and increasing trends in the northern and southern parts of the GGB, respectively. Annual potential evapotranspiration (PET) also shows significant increasing trends with higher magnitudes observed in the northern parts of the GGB. Changing trends in climate variables corroborates with shift to arid and wetter conditions in the north and south, respectively. From 2000 to 2020 vegetation cover estimated using enhanced vegetation index (EVI) shows significant increasing trends in all sub-basins including those experiencing a decline in annual rainfall. Vegetation composition measured using vegetation continuous fields (VCFs) from 2000 to 2020 show an increase in tree canopy cover (TC), a decline in short vegetation cover and marginal changes in bare ground cover (BG). Elasticity coefficients show that a 10% increase in annual rainfall and PET may lead to a 33% increase and 24% decline in runoff, respectively. On the other hand, a 10% increase in EVI may lead to a 4% decline in runoff while a 10% increase in TC, SV and BG may reduce runoff by 4% and increase runoff by 3% and 2%, respectively. Even though changes are marginal, decomposing vegetation into different parameters using EVI and VCFs may lead to different hydrological effects on runoff which is one of the novelties of this study that may be used for implementing nature-based solutions. The study also demonstrates that freely available geospatial data together with analytical methods are a promising approach for understanding the impact of climate variability and vegetation change on hydrology in data-scarce regions.  相似文献   

THE INFLUENCE OF GREENHOUSE WARMING ON THE ATMOSPHERIC COMPONENT OF THE HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE     

KRZYSZTOF SZILDER  EDWARD P. LOZOWSKI 《水文研究》1996,10(10):1317-1327

An atmosphere–ocean climate box model is used to examine the influence of cloud feedback on the equilibria of the climate system. The model consists of three non-linear ordinary differential equations, which are simplified forms of the first law of thermodynamics for the atmosphere and ocean and the continuity equation for the atmospheric component of the hydrological cycle. The mass continuity equation expresses the cloud liquid water content as a function of the evaporation rate from the ocean surface and the precipitation rate. Cloud formation releases latent heat. The model clouds also absorb solar energy at a rate consistent with recent findings. The model simulates snow–ice albedo feedback, water vapour feedback and cloud feedback. The global mean precipitation and surface temperature are analysed as they respond to enhanced greenhouse warming. Model results show that cloud feedback can lead to the occurrence of multiple climate equilibria. Some of these are warmer than the present equilibrium, with increased precipitation, while others are colder, with reduced precipitation. If the cloud feedback is weak, enhanced greenhouse forcing leads to a small alteration of the present equilibrium. If the cloud feedback is strong enough, the climate system can be forced into a warmer and wetter equilibrium.  相似文献   

基于SVG的校园地图发布系统   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

刘建敏  李霖  应申  刘红梅 《测绘与空间地理信息》2006,29(5):24-28

SVG是一种新的矢量图形语言,可以作为地图数据的组织形式构建W ebGIS。本文以SVG作为地图数据的组织形式,设计了一个校园地图发布系统,并详细介绍了系统实现的关键技术:SVG解析和连接池。  相似文献   

自20世纪90年代中后期夏季巴伦支海海冰与秋季中国西南地区干旱的联系加强          下载免费PDF全文

宦杜斌  范可  徐志清 《大气科学学报》2022,45(2):167-178

研究夏季7—8月巴伦支海海冰和秋季9—11月中国西南地区干旱的年际变化的联系,并探讨了其可能机制.结果表明:1979—1997年夏季巴伦支海海冰和秋季中国西南地区干旱在年际尺度上相关不显著,但到1998—2019年,海冰和干旱指数的相关系数增长至-0.69,置信水平达到99％.当夏季7—8月巴伦支海海冰增多时,有利于秋...  相似文献   

基于哨兵2A数据的北京松柏分布及花粉致敏风险评估初步研究     

叶彩华  刘勇洪  崔文杰  尤焕苓  齐晨  杨鹤松  姜江 《气象科技》2023,51(1):157-166

开展北京松柏植被的高分辨率空间信息提取及其花粉致敏风险评估对花粉浓度监测及预报具有重要意义。本文利用2019—2020年冬季304景高分辨率哨兵2A号（Sentinel 2A）卫星影像，引入新型增强型归一化植被指数（Enhanced normalized Vegetation Index,EVI）和地表水分指数（Land Surface Water Index,LSWI），开展了10 m空间分辨率的北京松柏植被分布制图研究；同时依据风险评估原理，结合2020年北京松柏花粉浓度观测数据，建立了基于松柏植被分布的花粉致敏风险空间评估方法，并初步开展了影响松柏花粉浓度范围与花粉致敏风险空间评估研究。结果表明：①基于冬季合成晴空Sentinel 2A卫星影像，利用EVI和LSWI可有效提取北京10 m空间分辨率的松柏植被分布，用户精度可达80%以上；②松柏花粉观测站14 km范围内松柏植被对该站花粉浓度具有正贡献，其中6 km范围内的松柏植被贡献最大；③松柏花粉致敏相对高风险区主要分布在西北部山区、昌平北部以及门头沟东部、石景山西北和海淀西南等地区。  相似文献   

激发频率对高氢稀释下纳米晶硅薄膜生长特性的影响          下载免费PDF全文

宋捷  郭艳青  王祥  丁宏林  黄锐 《海洋学报》2010,32(10):7378-7382

利用等离子体增强化学气相沉积技术,在高氢稀释条件下,研究不同激发频率对纳米晶硅薄膜生长特性的影响.剖面透射电子显微镜(TEM)分析结果显示,不同激发频率下制备的纳米晶硅薄膜晶化区均呈锥状结构生长,但13.56 MHz激发频率下制备的纳米晶硅薄膜最初生长阶段存在非晶态孵化层,即纳米晶硅薄膜的形成经历了由非晶态孵化层到晶态结构层的转变.而高激发频率(40.68 MHz)下硅纳米晶则能直接在非晶态衬底上生长形成.Raman谱和红外吸收谱测量结果表明高激发频率(40.68 MHz)下制备的纳米晶硅薄膜不但具有较高  相似文献